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The beam mode expansion method used to discuss the distraction problem by an aperture is applied to the analysis of the noise reduction structure consisting of two aperture stops. The incident field is a fundamental wave beam whose amplitude distribution is Gaussian. The transmitted field through the structure can be represented as a sum of beam mode functions and is regarded as a signal. The noise which is originated from the spontaneous emission is added to the incident Gaussian wave beam. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the output is discussed and optimum conditions are obtained numerically.

We introduce a modified SO(3) model of weak- and electromagnetic-interaction symmetry. The model is renormalizable and reproduces the usual theory of weak interactions. Four additional heavy leptons and five additional quarks are necessary. The electromagnetic charge radius of the neutrino is calculated in the $\ensuremath{\xi}$-limiting procedure and a finite result is found.

Internal stresses have been calculated in deformed steels by tension containing spheroidal or pearlitic cementite on the basis of a continuum model by assuming that the cementite is non-deformable and the accumulated internal stresses are unrelaxed. The maximum principal stress in cementite is tensile and higher in particles with their longest axis oriented more closely along the tensile axis, whereas the minimum principal stress is compressive and its magnitude is larger in the particles aligning more normal to the tensile axis. The angular dependency of the internal stress becomes stronger as the particles become flatter. These tendencies account for the geometric features of cementite cracking and kinking observed in spheroidized and pearlitic steels. On the other hand, the work hardening of the steels results from the average internal stresses in the ferrite matrix, which are balancing the opposite stresses in the particles. These stresses increase linearly as plastic straining develops and depend insensitively on the morphology of the particles.

This paper describes results of several recent studies, carried out in Japan, on metal-fatigue problems using X-ray diffraction techniques. The subjects covered are the effect of residual stress on fatigue strength, non-destructive detection of fatigue damage from information supplied by X-ray diffraction, and X-ray microbeam analysis of stress and strain near the tips of fatigue cracks and fracture surfaces. The usefulness of the X-ray approach to fatigue problems is emphasized and possible future developments are suggested.

The geometrical condition under which simultaneous reflexions occur with a general setting of a crystal has been formulated in three equations in terms of reciprocal-lattice vectors. A procedure is described to correct the intensity data for structure analysis for the intensity perturbation due to simultaneous reflexion. The following practical experimental conditions were taken into account: the effect due to the circumstance that the primary and secondary reflexions do not always occur exactly at the same time, the divergence and insufficient monochromatization of the incident beam, and a finite size and mosaicity of crystal specimen. The correction for simultaneous reflexion was applied to the X-ray intensity data from diformylhydrazine. It was shown that non-equal intensities among equivalent reflexions could be corrected reasonably by this method.

The beam-mode expansion method used in the discussions of the diffraction of a Gaussian wave beam through an aperture is applied to a system of two circular or square aperture stops, and the analytical expressions of the power transmission and conversion coefficients of a fundamental mode through the system are obtained. By using these expressions, the optimum incidence conditions that maximize the power transmission coefficient of the fundamental mode can be known. These conditions coincide formally with those obtained by Kogelnik and Yariv for an incident wave having a prolate spheroidal-wave function distribution. Both circular and square geometries can be analyzed in the same way.

The turnover time of the epithelial cells of a normal eustachian tube was estimated in guinea pigs by means of lightmicroscopic autoradiography with thymidine-H3. The cell migration from the basal layer to the tubal lumen was chased by sacrificing the animals at different intervals after tnymidine-H administration. This study revealed that the generative cells were the basal cells in the tubal epithelium and that the different types of maturative cells in the epithelium have a different life span. The turnover time of non-ciliated secretory cells was about 145 hrs (about 6 days), while that of ciliated cells and goblet cells more than 6 days.

As2S3 films were exposed to band-gap illumination both at 290 and 77 K alternately, and after each exposure optical and X-ray measurements were carried out. It has been clarified that the reversible photodarkening should be attributed to the reversible change in local order of the network.

The fatigue strength of rolled beams with stiffeners welded to the web was examined. The state of residual stress in these beams was varied by different cooling and straightening processes. Parallel series of tests were carried out both on plate specimens with corner-notches, simulating the edge notches in the beam-flange tip, and on fillet welded specimens. These test results were analysed using the fracture mechanics concepts of stable crack growth. A new fracture mechanics model for cracks originating from notches is proposed. This is based on the concept that the cyclic plastic zone size at the root of a notch determines the equivalent size of the notch as a fatigue crack. With this model, the severity of notches as well as their size can be taken into account to describe the initial flaw conditions. With the initial crack size estimated, a theoretical crack-growth equation was derived from the fatigue test data of rolled beams and notched plates. The analysing method together with the derived relationship was applied for the evaluation of the fatigue strength of welded beams and transverse fillet welds. The effect of residual stresses on fatigue behavior of these beams and plate specimens was also estimated by assuming an additional effect of the maximum stress on the theoretical crack-growth equation.

In a study of the movement of human leucocytes it was clarified that characteristic contraction waves were observed on the cell surface during movement and an initial morphological change directly related to the appearance of the wave originated in the surface of the granuloplasm and not in the cell membrane. From these findings, together with physicochemical properties of the contractile protein from equine leucocytes, it was proposed that the wave observed in moving leucocytes might be conducted, in some way, by contraction and relaxation of the contractile protein in the cells. Myosin A and actin as constituents of the contractile protein were extracted separately from leucocytes in polymerized form, which resemble myosin aggregate and F-actin from muscle, respectively. The thick and thin filaments of about 150 and 80 A in diameter were observed in glycerinated leucocytes with electron microscopy. When glycerinated leucocytes were incubated with heavy meromyosin (HMM) from rabbit skeletal myosin A, the thin filaments developed a structure resembling the ‘arrowhead structure’ of the HMM F-actin complex in vitro. The thick filaments seemed to correspond to myosin aggregates and the thin ones to filaments containing F-actin.

A method to predict the yield conditions of metal at elevated temperature subjected to cyclic loading is presented in this paper. The main assumption made herein is that the yield function can be expressed as the linear sum of the yield function at the preceding stage and the one associated with the plastic strain increment at the present stage. The proposed general theory was applied to the special case of Yoshimura's yield condition. Cyclic tension-torsion tests were conducted on thin-walled tubular specimens; and simultaneously, the cyclically induced ratcheting strain was examined. Good correlation was obtained between experimental and theoretical results.

The problem of the reflection and transmission of obliquely incident electromagnetic waves by an inhomogeneous plasma slab moving parallel to the magnetostatic field is discussed. For the analysis of the problem, an inhomogeneous plasma slab is subdivided into a number of thin homogeneous layers, and the easier problem of the reflection and transmission by the stratified plasma slab is solved instead of directly treating the wave equations for an inhomogeneous plasma slab. For linear and parabolic electron density profiles, the reflection properties of the moving inhomogeneous magnetoplasma slab are investigated quantitatively with the aid of numerical examples.

Studies were carried out on the pseudo-binary systems of UC-CeN and UN-CeN. Complete miscibility was proved to exist for both systems. Based on this result, the following preparation techniques were developed for mixed carbonitride (U, Ce) (C, N): 1. Mixing and reaction of three raw materials, UC, CeN and UN simultaneously; 2. Same procedure but starting with two materials, UC and (U, Ce)N. The variation of the lattice parameter for the MC-MN quasi binary system, where M stands for (U0.8Ce0.2), shows positive deviation from Vegard's law whereas that for UC-CeN and UN-CeN deviates to the negative side.

The method herein described is based on the principle of shading by oblique illumination. In working out this new method, however, the author investigated theoretically the intensity of light and shade or the configuration of brightness on a surface, and found a way of correctly representing on a map the brightness thus determined, justifying his view that the reasoning of the investigation should be based on realities, and that the method of drawing should be as scien-tific as possible, so that the resulting map may be exact and true to nature. The process of drawing may be explained with the aid of Fig. 3. The ground is first tinted grey, the contours in the light are then drawn in white, and those in the shade in black. The breadth of the contours, however, varies with the cosine of the angle θ between the horizontal direction of the incident ray and the normal to the contour at the point under consideration. It is shown that the configuration of brightness of the two cases, namely, the actual surface and the map, will resemble each other very closely, if the maximum breadth of the contours may be determined theoretically in terms of the brightness of the ground and of the contours. The advantages of the proposed method are: 1. The method gives a remarkable effect of relief. 2. The process of drawing is simple and scientific, and involves no ambiguity. 3. The maps afford at a glance a clear idea of the minor featuies, no matter how complicated, they may be, to say nothing of the general character of the country.

Lock-on (memory) and unlocking (memory-off) phenomena observed in semiconducting glass of As-Te-Ge system have been investigated by electrical and calorimetrical methods. It has been clarified that these phenomena are attributed to thermally induced phase transformations and that the conductive filament formed on As-Te-Ge glasses with high As concentration consists of degenerate As 2 Te 3 crystal.

On the basis of observations (Zirin and Tanaka, 1973) inferring the presence of shear in magnetic fields, the amount of extractable energy stored in a class of force-free magnetic fields is evaluated for the flares of August 1972, using the formulations developed by Nakagawa and Raadu (1972). It is shown that the evaluated energy storage could be built up by the proper motions of sunspots in the active region McMath 11976 during July 31 and August 7. Then for the flare of August 7, a detailed analysis is made of the manner of energy release in the post maximum phases deduced from the configuration of flare loops. It is shown that the observed flare loops could be represented closely by the force-free magnetic fields and that the evaluated rate of energy release is consistent with observed rate given by the soft X-ray emission. The results of analysis suggest that the flare of August 1972 could be identified with the relaxation of an energetic force-free magnetic field towards lower energy states. The limitations and possible future extension of this type of analysis are discussed.

The high-energy total cross-sections for KN andNN scattering are interpreted in terms of the hypothesis of Regge poles (in the crossed channel) and generalized isospin independence (GII).

Some recognizers for stochastic time-varying patterns with additive noise are studied. As in binary communication channels with fading, it is supposed that the fluctuation of a pattern (or signal) may be approximated by a stationary Gaussian autoregressive process with known parameters. Each measurement belongs to either of two classes: the pattern plus noise or noise alone. Under these assumptions, optimum dichotomizers with supervized learning are discussed. To the nonsupervised problems, the decision-directed approach and the modified-decision-directed approach are applied. Also some experimental results are presented.

The self-mass arising from the interaction of a leptonic field with a scalar neutral σ-meson is calculated in perturbation theory to examine the possibility that the electron may be regarded as a light muon because the sign of the self-mass is negative. Further, the consequences of a model in which a leptonic field interacting with the σ-meson can describe the electron and muon as eigenstates are studied.

研究目的メカニカルコンディショニングによる繊維の粘弾性的性質の変化を調べるためにナイロンを試料として繰返し伸長を与えた時の伸長回数の影響, 及び一定伸長に保持した時の保持時間の影響などについて応力緩和曲線を求めて考察する.研究結果(1) 試作した応力緩和測定装置は, 両端を固定して水平に張ったピアノ線の中点のたわみを光学てこによって拡大し, 尺度と望遠鏡の方法で読むもので極めて簡単ではあるが十分使用することができる.(2) メカニカルコンディショニングによって応力緩和の速さは減少するが, 緩和曲線の特性は変らない.繰返し伸長を与えると, 伸長回数の増すにしたがって著しく緩和し難くなるが, 一定伸長に保持した時は影響は小さい.また保持時間が5～60minの間ではその差異は認められない.(3) 繰返し伸長を与えた時, その応力緩和曲線の形状は繰返し伸長後の放置時間を10minから17hrについても変化しない.すなわち徐々に起る回復が見られず繰返し伸長によって粘弾性的性質はかなり変ってしまう.(3), (4) の結果から纎維の取扱上不必要な繰返.し伸長を与えることは特に注意すべき本のと考えられる.

Mass examination was carried out in935individuals aged40to90yeas. Blood pressure was measured and electrocardiograms recorded in all cases. Blood was sampled for the determination of serum total cholesterol, and urine for the determination of albumin and sugar. The results can be summarized as follows:1) Systolic blood pressure of 150 to 199 mmHg was found in90% in the5th decade, 25% in the 6th decade, 41% in the 7th decade, 44% in the 8th decade and 39% in the9th decade. Systolic blood pressure higher than 200 mmHg was found in 2% in the5th decade, 4% in the 6th decade, 6% in the 7th decade, 18% in the 8th decade and 29% in the 9th decade. 2) Coronary insufficiency was divided into3grades: an upstroke of the ST-T segment is more horizontal than normal with an exaggerated U wave in mild coronary insufficiency, the ST segment is depressed with a biphasic T wave in moderate coronary insufficientcy, and the ST segment is more depressed with a negative T wave in marked coronary insufficiency. Moderate-coronary insufficiency was found in 4.2% in 5th decade, 18.7% in the 6th decade, 19.9% in the 7th decade, 14.9% in the 8th decade and 19.2% in the9th decade. Marked coronary insufficiency was found in 0.4% in the 5th decade, 1.5% in the 6th decade, 2.2% in the 7th decade, 4.2% in the 8th decade and 10.3% in the 9th decade. 3) Diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy was made by Sokolow-Lyons' voltage criteria of SV1+RV5>35mm. Left ventricular hypertrophy was found in 7.6% in the 5th decade, 10.5% in the 6th decade, 15.1% in the 7th decade, 12.2% in the8th decade and16.6% in the9th decade. 4) Incomplete RBBB was found in 5.1% in the5th decade, 2.6% in the6th decade, 3.7% in the 7th decade, 4.2% in the 8th decade and 0% in the9th decade. This indicicates that incomplete RBBB in younger adults is due to functional rightventricular overload as in the athlete's heart and that in senile subjects due to organic arteriosclerotic changes of the conduction system. Percentage occurrence of atrial and ventricular premature beats increased with advance in age. 6) Serum total cholesterol was related neither to blood pressure nor to age. 7) Proteinuria was found in 5% of the subjects studied. Among them, hypercholesterolemia was found in 1 of 6 cases in the 5th decade, 2 of 7 cases in the6th decade, 11 of 20 cases in the 7th decade, 9 of 18 cases in the 8th decade and 3 of 4 cases in the 9th decade. 8) In subjects with proteinuria, moderate to marked coronary inssfficiency was found in 5 of 8 cases in 6th decade, 9 of 20 cases in the 7th decade, 11 of 21cases in the 8th decade and 3 of 4 cases in the 9th decade. Namely, abnormal electrocardiograms were observed in 47.1% of those with proteinuria. This indicates that myocardial ischemia occurs more frequently in those with renal. arteriosclerosis than. those without it. 9) Glucosuria was found in 106 of 935 subjects studied. Hypercholesterolemia higher than 200mg/dl was found in 72.7% of those with glucosuria. Abnormal electrocardiograme such as moderate to marked coronary insufficiency, left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarction were found in 57.6% of those with glucosuria. This indicates that abnormalities in. carbohydrate metabolism accelerate aging process of the heart. 10) Abnormal electrocardiograms including mild coronary insufficiency of our criteria amounted to 49.0% in the5th decade, 69.6% in the 6th decade, 82.8% in the 7th decade, 89.2% in the 8th decade and 94.9% in the 9th decade. This indicates that electrocardiographic abnormalities increase with advance in age, and the occurrence of electrocardiographic abnormalities is much higher than previously reported when the changes of the U wave are taken into consideration.

SUMMARY Comparative anatomical observations of the brain stem of the various mammals led us to note some remarks on variance in the cellular elements, the correlation with the central gray or with the posterior hypothalamic nuclei, and on the peculiar cell groups described in the literature. They may be of value for coming experimental researches. 1) As to the variance of cellular make-up in various levels of the subnuclei, the minute cell count in such nuclei of rodents reveals that in three main subnuclei, i. e. R.gc, R.P.c and R.P.o of Meessen and Olszewski's denomination in the realm of reticular formation, the total number of cells shows a general tendency of increasing oralward, especially concerning the smaller cell type, while in the parvocellular nuclei, R.pc and R.pca, the smaller cells get reduced at the profit of increasing medium-sized cells oralward. These variances in the cell types in various sectioning levels concerning each nuclei stand almost in the same relationship in all the animals observed. 2) Cellular correlations between the midbrain reticular formation and the periaquaeductal gray substance were noticed especially in two places, namely at the meso-diencephalic and meso-rhombencephalic regions of transition. In the lastly named region, the attention was given to the so-called nucleus supratrochlearis bearing several subnuclei in within. The mediodorsal portion of the region is so far somewhat differing in cellular make-up, as the portion of some animals lets prove resemblance with the reticular nuclei. This homology in cellular make-up is also traceable in the former region. 3) The medial and the lateral part of the nucleus loci caerulei embedded in the reticular formation (nucleus ventralis et lateralis brachii of Winkler and Potter) were studied more minutely, where the secondary degeneration occurred seemingly after long survival period following destruction of some parts of the diencephalon, especially of the hypothalmic b-sympathetic zone. The medial portion, Coe2, seems to receive impulse from the ipsilateral hypothalamic region, while the lateral portion, Coe3, from the contralateral hypothalamic region. Thereby it was pointed out that there still avails dubiousness concerning whether they ought to be looked upon as a part of the nucleus loci caerulei or not. 4) The nucleus perpendicularis formationis albae was established in cases of several mammals, of all material most distinctly in the Indian elephant. This nucleus seems to stand in correlation particularly intimately with the medial longitudinal bundle, otherwise, with the paramedian reticular nuclei. 5) In the light of the cellular component of the nucleus retrofacialis and the accessory facial nucleus, we can put aside several types among animal species examined, especially from the view-point that the former nucleus ought to be accepted as the correspondent to so-called “dichte Formation” of the ambiguus nucleus in some German authors' interpretation while the latter represents a participant of the facial nucleus to the major part. Concerning the oral part at the least, however, the cells of the so-called accessory facial nucleus much resemble to the trigeminal motor nucleus in some animals, another time to the large cells of the reticular formation in certain another animals and still another time to cells of the abducens nucleus as was already mentioned from other side.

The generating functions which represent the p p data from 50 to 303 GeV/ c are used as analog grand partition functions and notions of analog pressure, specific volume, equation of state and critical point are explored. Also l-plane singularities are disdussed in this connection. (auth)