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By ferricyanide oxidation of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazole, three new photochromic compounds were obtained. These were 4-ethoxy-4H-, 4-methoxy-4H- and 2-methoxy-2H-phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazoles. These compounds gave the 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-phenanthro[9,10- d ]imidazolyl radical and acetaldehyde or formaldehyde by light irradiation. The imidazolyl radical dimerized gradually in the dark and the dimer dissociated to the imidazolyl radical on heating.

The low-lying non-normal parity states of 209 Bi and 207 Pb are studied by means of the shell model, assuming 1h-2p and 2h-1p configurations, respectively. The observed energy spectra are well reproduced. The wave functions obtained are analysed in comparison with those defined in the weak-coupling model and existence of the octupole multiplet and the mixing with other states are discussed in detail. The conditions for the existence of the weak-coupling states are also discussed.

A description of steady-state partition is applied to 3d ions in the crystal growth of sulfates and fluosilicates. Preliminary results are given for 4f ions in fluorite. Solubility order in a given host shows the influence of CFSE (crystal field stabilization energy).

In the conventional Verneuil growth of ruby, it is shown that certain parameters pertinent to the final concentration of the additive in the crystal product (solid solution) are: starting concentration, surface distribution of additive in the powder, trajection distance, and growth rate. The effects of these factors are studied at the trajection (or melting) zone.

The shell model study has been carried out about the close septuplet of 209 Bi without assuming weak particle-vibration coupling. The energies and the wave functions of these states are discussed.