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The intent of the study was to explore and categorize counselor responses. Three separate filmed presentations were shown. Participating with the same client were Albert Ellis, Frederick Perls, and Carl Rogers. At the beginning of each counselor statement, a number was inserted in sequence and remained on the videotape until completion of that counselor statement. Each session was rated by over 600 respondents. They rated each numbered response on an optical scoring sheet using the Stupp Warm-Cold Scale. A further objective of the study was the determination of factors common to all three orientations and those unique to a single orientation. It was possible to develop from the counselor responses two unique styles of counseling-one was labeled as the Reconstructive style and the second as the Analytical Problem-Solving style. Counselors were trained in these two styles and conducted counseling sessions using both styles. Based on the sessions, it was concluded that client behavior varies as a function of counselor style. (RK)

Differences among counselors' manifest style of intervention were shown to be directly related to their respective theoretical orientations. Previous assumptions that theoretical orientation and style of intervention are nonsignificant variables among "well experienced counselors" were rejected. A comment by Fred E. Fiedler follows the article. (Author)

Describes an approach to consultation with core city elementary schools that utilizes the concept of encouraging children to be helpful to each other--which necessitates a lateral rather than a vertical classroom structure, with decision making and problem solving shared by the children. (RJ)

This study compared two training methods for preparing counselors to discriminate verbal, facial, and voice cues that are associated with the emotion of depression. Results showed programmed text treatment to be more effective in teaching discrimination of depressive cues than the video presentation. (Author)

The results of the current study, as well as the Zimmer and Cowles (1972) study using quite different procedures, involved a comparison of client-centered, gestalt, and rational therapies and do not support the conclusion that therapeutic relationships tend to be characteristically the same. Theoretical orientation as operationalized by therapeutic technique is related to client behavior in therapy. (Author)

A systems approach forces counselors to ask questions about themselves, their clients, and the larger environmental contexts. A systematic look at how work relates to a client and his total environment necessitates relating to the political, educational, social, personal, and economical ramifications of work. (Author)

The multiple scattering method of molecular orbital computations has been used to investigate the structure of an (excess) electron in water. The complex considered is a molecular ion consisting of four water molecules, situated on the vertices of a tetrahedron, plus the extra electron; the complex is placed in a dielectric cavity. The calculated excitation energy of 1.77 eV is in good agreement with the experimental value (1.72 eV). The computed equilibrium radius of the complex is in reasonable agreement with previous calculations. Our determination of a second ’’2p’’ state (5e) lying near the b2 state indicates another mechanism for the asymmetric line broadening of the absorption spectrum. Our computed self−consistent field potentials and charge densities are presented as they can be compared with previous model calculations.

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Our experience with needle biopsy of the heart in dogs indicates that myocardial tissue can be sampled one or more times in each animal with comparative safety. Tamponade, pericarditis, serious arrhythmias, or myocardial infarction due to the interruption of coronary vessels was not observed. Excellent specimens were obtained for critical study by light and electron microscopy. Casten and Marsh (1) have used biochemical techniques to study myocardial tissue obtained in similar fashion. Histochemical methods would also be applicable. Although limited to animal studies at present, the technique may conceivably be adapted to the study of human disease. Myocardial puncture has been carried out (20–22) in patients for the recording of intracardiac pressures and for other diagnostic purposes without apparent harm. Our study of the myocardium of dogs by electron microscopy generally confirms the observations of other workers, except that presence of significant numbers of red blood cells in the extravascular spaces of the heart had not been previously described (and is possibly an artifact). Nevertheless, it is notable that the tissue cells, cellular membranes, and intracellular structures appeared to be intact and undistorted in the tissue specimens which were obtained, fixed, and examined by these methods.

When beginning a systems analysis of work and its relationship to employment counseling, at least three issues must be considered. First, the historical and cultural definitions of work; second, the meaning and expectations that each individual attaches to work; and third, the potential impact of employment counseling on the lives of people.