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In most cases the tracings of lacrimal pump pressure patterns may be interpreted, but, should only be used in conjunction with the patient's history and physical examination. A Schirmer and a distraction test should be included. The distraction test is important in order to indicate the magnitude of the lid tension and thereby the integrity of one of the components of the lacrimal pump. A variety of clinical entities were presented and correlation between these entities and their lacrimal pump pressure recordings were made. These pressure patterns evolved from 75 monitored lacrimal drainage problem cases. In rare circumstances the silicone tube could not be inserted where no pathology existed. Stenotic puncta or closed systems cause sharp spikes indicative of high pressure and poor flow. Tightening of the lower lid can significantly increase pressure patterns and increase tear transportation. Tightening of the levator palpebrae superioris may increase pressures in the nasolacrimal system. Monitoring of canalicular and lacrimal pressures is an effective means of determining the patency of a DCR and conjunctival DCR. Nasolacrimal system monitoring is a safe, painless and effective method of evaluating disorders within that system.

This work was carried out to determine the changes in conformity and physiological movements of the eyelids with advancing age. Some conceptions fostered in the literature are false and should be discarded. Others have been corroborated. We concluded that the whole lateral canthus becomes lax and drifts medially with age. Therefore, surgical correction should aim at restoring the fixation of the lateral canthus to the youthful position.

Several fractions were extracted from the cell envelope (CE) of Neisseria meningitidis group B and characterized with regard to their morphology, antigenicity, protein composition, and toxicity. Whole bacterial cells were suspended in a medium of low ionic strength and disrupted in a French pressure cell. The crude CE thus obtained were separated into cell membrane (CM) enriched and cell wall (CW) enriched fractions on sucrose density gradients. In addition, CM and CW fractions were separated from CE on the basis of differential solubility in the nonionic detergent, Triton X-100. The Triton-insoluble fraction, containing primarily CW components, was further treated with a mixture of Triton and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which was shown to remove additional protein and most of the lipopolysaccharide. Electron microscope examination of the various fractions revealed typical unit membrane structures in the case of CM, or large, open segments in the case of CW. The Triton-insoluble and especially the Triton-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-insoluble fractions consisted of small vesicular structures. All fractions, except the Triton-soluble fraction, when assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were shown to contain one major protein component accounting for more than 50% of the total. Sera from rabbits immunized with the various fractions formed precipitin lines in immunodiffusion tests against the homologous and some of the heterologous fractions. High-titer bactericidal antibodies were also demonstrated in these sera when tested against the homologous strains. Toxicity studies in rats sensitized with lead acetate indicate that the level of contamination of Triton-insoluble/Triton-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-insoluble fractions with lipopolysaccharide was significantly smaller than that of the other fractions.

This work was carried out to determine the changes in conformity and in physiological movements of the eyelids with advancing age. Some conceptions fostered in the literature are false and should be discarded. Others have been corroborated. We conclude that the whole lateral canthus becomes lax and drifts medially with age. Therefore, surgical correction should aim at restoring the fixation of the lateral canthus to its youthful position.

Resting cell suspensions of Neisseria meningitidis group B (strain 2091) do not catabolize citrate as the sole substrate to an appreciable degree. When another substrate, such as glutamate, is also present to furnish energy for transport, citrate metabolism is greatly stimulated. Within limits, the amount of CO(2) produced from citrate is proportional to the amount of glutamate added. When the cells are disrupted, citrate is degraded at a rapid rate and the stimulatory effect of glutamate is completely eliminated. Pronounced stimulation of citrate metabolism by glutamate was demonstrated in 12 of 13 strains of N. meningitidis tested and only 1 of 6 strains of N. lactamicus. The remaining strains of N. lactamicus and one each of N. gonorrhoeae, N. flavescens, and N. flava did not utilize significant amounts of citrate in the absence or presence of glutamate. N. catarrhalis shared with Mima polymorpha and Moraxella glucidolytica a capability to catabolize citrate at a rapid rate without added glutamate. It is concluded that tests of glutamate-stimulated citrate metabolism may contribute to species characterization in the genus Neisseria.

Short-day photoperiods in conjunction with a second stimulus were required to induce sexual reproduction (and diapause) in an autumnally diapausing strain of Daphnia pulex. The second stimulus was associated with the unalkalized portion of a small lake and with density of the population in laboratory cultures. Diapause was induced at 12 degrees and 19 degrees C.

Spheroplast membranes (spheroplast envelopes) of strain 2091 of group B Neisseria meningitidis were prepared by a procedure that included lysozyme treatment of the cells and osmotic lysis of the resulting spheroplasts. Electron microscopy revealed that the membranes consisted of two unit layers, generally parallel to each other. The membrane preparation migrated as a single component in a 40 to 70% sucrose gradient and consisted of 62% protein, 28% lipid, 9% ribonucleic acid, small amounts of carbohydrate, hexosamine, and deoxyribonucleic acid. When 1 or 10 mug (dry weight) was injected intravenously into rabbits, a mild pyrogenic reaction was elicited. In immunodiffusion tests, immune rabbit serum prepared against spheroplast membranes produced three major precipitin lines, with the homologous antigen solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate, and a single line with untreated antigen. The immune serum also reacted with a cell wall antigen, and to a lesser extent with some of the cytoplasmic antigens. Succinate dehydrogenase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase activities were found to be associated with the spheroplast membranes. NADH dehydrogenase also was associated with the membranes but was gradually released and recovered in other fractions. Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate, glucose-6-phosphate, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities were not found in the membrane preparation. About one-third of these enzymatic activities were recovered in the supernatant fluid after the sedimentation of the spheroplasts and two-thirds were recovered in the cytoplasmic fraction. N-acetylneuraminic acid (NAN)-condensing enzyme and cytidine monophosphate-NAN synthesizing enzyme also were identified in this organism. These enzymes were not associated with the membranes and were recovered from extracts from whole cells, spheroplasts, or cells exposed to osmotic shock, as well as from spheroplast supernatant and shock fluids. It is concluded that the spheroplast membranes of the strain of meningococci used in these studies are typical of those recovered from gram-negative bacteria.

The similarity in polynucleotide sequence of seven strains of Neisseria lactamicus to N. meningitidis and to each other was investigated. The per cent reassociation between single-stranded N. lactamicus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), immobilized on membrane filters, with labeled single-stranded DNA fragments derived from strain SD-6 (group C) of N. meningitidis varied from 75 to 56. With strain ATCC 23972 of N. lactamicus furnishing the labeled DNA fragments, reassociation was 72% with N. meningitidis, 31% with N. subflava, and 98 to 72% with the other strains of N. lactamicus. It is concluded that on the basis of DNA reassociation N. lactamicus can be distinguished from N. meningitidis and N. subflava, but constitutes a relatively heterogeneous species.

Sixty-five patients, in whom eyelid cysts and tumours were surgically excised and examined histopathologically, were followed up. The general principles of treatment are outlined. The procedures used in the reconstruction of the eyelids, which depended upon the extent of lid-loss; the results obtained; and the complications encountered, are described.Surgical excision with subsequent repair is preferred to radiation therapy in view of the unique accessibility, general low malignancy and infrequent metastases of these tumours. Such excision and repair produces a better cosmetic and functional result.

The interaction of human and mouse phagocytic leukocytes with representative virulent (F62-T1) and avirulent (F62-T4, RD-5) strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was studied in vitro. Leukocyte monolayers were incubated with gonococci for 30 min at 37 C, washed repeatedly, reincubated with fresh medium, and sampled for viable bacteria at intervals. After the initial incubation period and washing, human leukocytes retained larger numbers of viable T1 than of T4. During the subsequent 120 min of incubation, the numbers of viable T1 remained approximately constant, whereas viable counts of T4 declined by about two-thirds. In contrast, mouse leukocytes under similar conditions destroyed 70% of both types of gonococci. When human bactericidal serum was applied to infected human leukocytes, it had no effect on T4 but inactivated over 50% of T1. It is concluded that T4 are phagocytized by human leukocytes and are thus exposed to internal digestion, but are protected from bactericidal serum. T1, on the other hand, either adhere to the surface of the leukocytes or remain located so that they are neither digested by the leukocytes nor protected from bactericidal serum.