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In this paper, the authors describe the main features of more than 100 teratological samples spontaneously produced, during the past 5 years, by the hybrid No. 6488-37 of the Montreal Botanical Garden's collection of honeysuckles. The unusual appearance of all these specimens is due to the union, by gamophylly, of flowering twigs, which are most often inserted in foliar axils vertically separated by a well-developed internode.The constant position of the united flowering twigs' insertion point on the main axis of all these samples, the normal or subnormal morphological and anatomical structure of those twigs, and the very small junction area (maximum length 500 μm) of their fused leaves, as also the relative initial position, and (or) the time interval between the respective periods of initiation of the united organs, indicate (1) that these gamophyllies undoubtedly have an ontogenetic or postgenital origin and (2) that the adhesion of the fused foliar areas must have occurred during the intensive intercalary growth of the flowering branches.The histocytological study of areas of gamophylly of the samples shows also that the intimate fusion of the leaves' parts, accidentally brought together, is generally accompanied by a local cellular dedifferentiation and an intensive cell proliferation. The first of these phenomena would correspond in a way to a contact allergy, whereas the second would result from injuries.

This paper is mainly concerned with the anatomical and morphological features of over 15 teratological samples of honeysuckle showing diverse types of "concaulescence."Most frequently, "concaulescence" is the only abnormality present and three different morphological–anatomical types of adnation may be distinguished. (1) The adnated sprigs (hypopodia) are attached to the main axis by a narrow strip of cortex; both the sprig gap and the seriated buds are located at their usual level. (2) The vascular bundles of the adnated axes separate themselves progressively, and frequently there is no seriated bud at the axil of the adnated sprigs. (3) The lateral sprigs remain closely fused with the main axis until they free themselves abruptly and then the seriated buds appear at the free axil.Studies of the other samples are complicated by the occurrence of some phyllotaxic anomalies below the adnation area. Among these anomalies the most frequent are (1) the vertical displacement between the opposite petiole insertion area of the node and (2) the stretching of the foliar bases and the accompanying sessile leaves at this abnormal node.

Resume La presente communication traite de l'assertion selon laquelle l'eveil induit par l'injection d'adrenaline serait du a l'augmentation de la pression sanguine et non a une action directe de la drogue, comme l'ont signale plusieurs auteurs. Les experiences ont ete faites sur des chats, encephale isole. La pression sanguine etait enregistree en meme temps que l'EEG. 1. 1. L'eveil apres l'injection intraveineuse d'adrenaline apparait en meme temps que l'elevation de la pression sanguine, ou dans quelques cas, de 1–3 sec apres que la pression sanguine commence a s'elever. Cette latence depend de la sensibilite de la preparation aux stimuli d'eveil generaux. 2. 2. L'augmentation de la pression sanguine induite mecaniquement produit egalement un eveil. Apres coagulation bilaterale de la formation reticulee mesencephalique, cet effet fut supprime. 3. 3. Lorsque la pression sanguine etait artificiellement maintenue constante pendant une injection intraveineuse d'adrenaline, l'eveil commencait plus tard et durait moins longtemps que lorsque la pression sanguine n'etait pas maintenue constante. 4. 4. Les memes resultats etaient obtenus avec de la vasopressine. L'eveil commencait en meme temps que l'augmentation de la pression sanguine, il etait moins prononce lorsque la pression sanguine etait maintenue constante. Ces resultats permettent de conclure que le stabilisateur de pression utilise etait incapable de controler completement les modifications tensionnelles situees crânialement par rapport au stabilisateur, et specialement les modifications d'amplitude des pulsations. 5. 5. Une injection locale d'une solution saline dans la formation reticulee mesencephalique provoque un eveil. Par consequent, l'eveil apparaissant apres une injection locale d'adrenaline dans la formation reticulee ne saurait etre attribue a une action directe de la drogue. Les resultats decrits ci-dessus soutiennent l'idee d'une action directe de la pression sanguine sur les cellules du systeme activateur ascendant, selon toute probabilite la pression sanguine est le facteur dominant ou meme le seul facteur responsable de l'eveil “induit par l'adrenaline”. Une preuve de plus est donnee par le fait que la frequence des decharges d'un seul neurone au niveau de l'hypothalamus posterieur et de la formation reticulee mesencephalique n'est pas modifiee par l'injection intraveineuse d'adrenaline, si la pression sanguine est maintenue constante, comme cela a ete demontre dans des travaux precedents.

ZusammenfassungAnatomische Untersuchungenn a verbildeten Infloreszenzen von wuchsstoffbehandelten Skabiosen bestatigen Annahme, nach welcher sich die kopfchenformigen Blutestaude der Dipsacaceen von ursprunglich reicher gegliederten. Infloreszenzen ableiten. Die einzelnen Bluten sind Reste von Teilblutenstanden und zwar vo Thyrsen. Die gelegentlich anftreteden und ahnlich gebauten Teilblutestade innerhalb von Kopfchen stellen keine attavistischen Zwischenformen dar. Letztere scheinen nur anstelle eies terminalen Kopfchens in Form pauciflorer Infloreszenzen aufzutreten. Partielle Dissoziationen der Synfloreszenz lassen meist gleichfalls einen Thyrsus erkennen, so dass das Kopfchen der Dipsacaceen—ahnlich dem der Valrianace Stangea Henrici—einem Di- oder Pleiothyrsus entspricht. Die furdie Familie typische brachiale Verzweigung aussert sich noch in der Ausgestaltung des Gefasskeletts der Kopfchenbasis, wo i.a. zwei Dichasien vorliegen, wahrend die folgenden Elemente spiralig angeordnet sind. Die Reihenfolge...

IT is supposed by several authors1–9 that adrenaline-induced EEG-arousal, which originates in the mesencephalic reticular formation and the posterior hypothalamus, is caused by a direct action of adrenaline on these structures. Discharges were recorded from single cells within the posterior hypothalamus10,11. The firing-rate of these cells was affected by intravenous injection of adrenaline or by mechanically induced changes of blood pressure. There is no effect of adrenaline if the blood pressure is kept constant artificially. We therefore tested the hypothesis that the adrenaline-induced arousal is a secondary effect of the rising blood pressure.