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Heat treatments of two minutes at 46 to 47°C to root systems of Nicotiana rustica and Phaseolus vulgaris affected roots and shoots. Xylem exudate of Phaseolus was collected, and it was found that heat treatment reduced cytokinin levels and increased abscisic acid levels in the exudate. Shoot and root growth of both species was reduced. Root membrane integrity of Nicotiana was measured and was found to be impaired. It is suggested that the changes in hormone activity due to heat treatment regulate the reduction in shoot growth. Cell wall metabolism and glucosyl transferases making β-glucans were investigated in Phaseolus leaves. Incorporation of 14C from 14CO2 into wall constituents was slightly inhibited but neither photosynthesis nor extracted β-glucan synthetases were affected during the first 12 hours after treatment.

We have studied the effects of the chlorine dioxide as final bleaching agent for the dissolving kraft pulp of the AKAGASHI (Quercus acuta thumb), preliminarily treated by the six stage method (NaCLO-CL-NaOH-NaCLO-Na0H-NaCLO).The finally bleached pulps have been compared from the respects of viscose filterbility, pulp brightness and pulp testings e.g. α-cellulose, β-cellulose, pentosan, visosity, etc.Experimental design has been based on the three-way layout and three factors, the reaction temperature, the pH at start and the chemical proportion of the chlorine dioxide, have been examined. All other conditions have been fixed.The higher the reaction temperature is, the better the viscose filterbility and the pulp brightness is. (Emulsion viscose KW are improved from 200 to 140 and below, by the chlorine dioxide bleaching at 90°C, 1.4 % CLO2as available chlorine. c. f. Emulsion viscose KW of red pine pulp are 150-120) The brightness of the finally bleached pulps rise from 88 to 92.The viscosity and the α-cellulose of the pulps, however, are fallen off slightly. It is preferable that the chlorine dioxide proportion added is 1.4% and over. The qualities of this dissolving pulp are little affected by the pH in the range of 3-8 at start, which are not buffered. Mostly at the end point of the reaction, it falls down to 3-4.Attention is drawn to the significance of the chlorine dioxide bleaching at higher temperature.

The Mannich reaction of 3-pyridazinol 1-oxide using morpholine, piperidine, or dimethylamine gave the corresponding 6-alkylaminomethyl-3-pyridazinol 1-oxides which were also synthesized from 3-methoxy-6-chloromethylpyridazine.

The capacity of tobacco ( Nicotiana rustica ) leaf discs to incorporate l-leucine 14 C into proteins was measured. Leaf discs were obtained from plants which experienced soil water depletion, or which were exposed to a saline or osmotic stress in the root medium. The stresses were brief of relatively short duration and water potential did not decrease below 4 bars in the root media. Leaf discs were sampled 2 hours after stress removal, achieved by reirrigation, or replacement of saline and osmotic solutions with normal nutrient solution. Plants were always turgid when leaves were sampled. All stressed tissues showed reduced capacity to incorporate l-leucine 14 C into protein. The reduction was about 50% and could not be attributed either to reduced uptake into the discs, or to possible isotopic dilution. Incorporation decreased progressively with leaf age in control discs as well as in stressed leaf discs. At all ages tested, incorporation in stressed discs was lower than that of the control. Full recovery of incorporation capacity in stressed discs was obtained when discs were sampled 72 hours after stress removal but not earlier. Kinetin pretreatment prior to incubation with labelled leucine partially restored incorporation in stressed discs. The differences in response to kinetin of stressed and control discs suggest a lower endogenous level of cytokinins in the stressed discs. The results were qualitatively similar regardless of the kind of stress given to the plants during pretreatment. This supports the hypothesis that the normal supply of root cytokinins is important in shoot metabolism.

When 3, 6-dichloropyridazine and 3-alkoxy-6-chloropyridazines were oxidized with monoperphthalic acid or hydrogen peroxide-glacial acetic acid, the corresponding Noxides were produced. With the latter reagent, however, 6-substituted-3(2H)-pyridazinones gave rise to byproducts. The N-oxidation of 3-alkoxy-6-chloropyridazines was shown to take place at the 1-position of the molecules. By catalytic dehalogenation, several 3-alkoxypyridazine 1-oxides were also prepared.

Reaction of 3, 4, 5-trichloropyridazine (IV) with sodium methoxide was examined. 4-Azidopyridazine 1-oxide (XVII) and 5-azidopyridazine 1-oxide (XXI) were synthesized from corresponding hydrazino compounds (XIV, XX) with nitrous acid, and XVII was also derived from 4-chloropyridazine 1-oxide (XIII) with sodium azide.

(1969). Interpersonal Contact and Attitude Change in a Cross-Cultural Situation. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 165-171.

The solubilities of theobromine and caffeine in liquid ammonia at 0° and 20℃ were measured. On the extraction of theobromine and caffeine from cacao refuse and green tea with liquid ammonia, it was found that the intimate witing of the sample with an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide prevented the extraction of some of the interfering substances (mainly tannins) and was of great advantage to the extraction. The extracting manipulation and the yields of the alkaloid were improved by the new method. The separation and purification of the two alkaloids were also made easy.

Cinnoline 1-oxide (1) gave 4-nitrocinnoline 1-oxide (II) and a small amount of 5-nitrocinnoline 1-oxide (V) on warming with nitric and sulfuric acids, and gave 4, 5-dinitrocinnoline 1-oxide (IV) by using fuming nitric acid in sulfuric acid. The nitration of I with benzoyl nitrate afforded 3-nitrocinnoline 1-oxid (VI). I was converted into 4-chlorocinnoline (VIII) on the treatment with phosphoryl chloride.

Treatment of 3, 6-dichloropyridazine (III) with sodium azide resulted in the formation of a mixed azido-tetrazolo compound (IV). 3-Azidopyridazine 1-oxide (X) and 6-azidopyridazine 1-oxide (XIX) were synthesized from the corresponding hydrazino compounds (XII, XVII) with nitrous acid, and also from chloro compound IX with sodium azide. Then several reactions, such as ionic reaction, catalytic hydrogenetion, thermal decomposition, reactions with phosphorus trichloride and with phosphorus oxychloride, and reaction with DPPH of these azides were examined.

15 cases with ectopic gastric mucosa in the cervical esophagus were reported, mainly from view points of endoscopic findings through fiberesophagoscopy.Typical gastric islands are oval in figure, almost flat in height and more reddish in colour in comparison with the surrounding esophageal mucosa. The number of islands mostly ranges from one to two. They are located at the left side of the cervical esophagus and easily differentiated from such diseases as erosion and malignant tumor.We could find out ectopic gastric islands at the rate of 3.2% out of patients examined with fiberesophagoscopy.Patients showed no esophageal symptpms and no changes were observed in these islands in the course of the follow-up duration of about two years.

The cytokinin content of root exudate of sunflowers increases during the exponential growth phase of the plants. The concentration of cytokinins drops, however, by a factor of ten when the plants have reached their final size. The reduced supply of cytokinins from the root to the shoot is regarded as one of the factors bringing about shoot senescence.

4-Azido-3, 6-dimethoxypyridazine (X) was synthesized from 4-chloro-3, 6-dimethoxypyridazine (VII) through the hydrazino compound and X was converted to 4-azido-3, 6-dimethoxypyridazine 1-oxide (XII). Besides, some reactions of 4-chloro-3, 6-dimethoxypyridazine 1-oxide (I) and XII were examined.

A reaction of pyridazine 1-oxide with Grignard reagents prepared from bromobenzene, p-bromotoluene, o-bromotoluene, m-bromotoluene, p-bromoanisol and o-bromoanisol, gave the corresponding 1-aryl-trans-1-butene-3-yne (III) in about 30% yields. These structures were determined by in frared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The filterability of the viscose prepared by the emulsion xanthation process was compared with that of the viscose prepared by conventional process. If emulsion xanthation is performed under suitable conditions concerning the amount of CS2 and NaOH concentration, the filterabilities of the viscoses prepared by both processes are fairly correlative. In this case, most suitable conditionss of emulsion xanthation are as follows.When sheet-formed pulp was used 12g (bone-dry) of air dried pulp which is remade into loose sheet in distilled water, 324 cc of 13% NaOH and two varying additions of CS2 (90% and 170% basis pulp) were simultaneously shaken in stoppered glass bottle for 4 hrs. at 20C°. Sample was ripened over night at 20°C, and filtered through 5 sheets of carico under the pressure of 40 cm height of mercury, and clogging constant (KW) was calculated.Furthermore, emulsion xanthation of alkali cellulose which were aged according to conventional process and so-called sulfidation-resistance according to Bartunek's method were also studied.

The efflux of 36C and 14C metabolites from heat-treated tissue was studied. A two-minute heat treatment at 47.5°C increased the leakiness of the membranes. The heat effect may be reversed either by treatment with kinetin or may occur spontaneously with time. The spontaneous reversal is tem—perature dependent and resembles the recovery of CO2 fixa—tion after heat treatment. The loss of membrane integrity is reflected in the rate of incorporation of 32P into phospho—lipids.

Following a single intravenous injection, mercury was distributed rapidly into all organs of the rat within a few hours. In terms of Relative Specific Activity (RSA) the renal level of Hg/sup 2//sup 0//sup 3/ was found to be high over the entire period. In the spleen, lungs, muscle, and liver, high values of RSA appeared during the first period, and at a later stage, small intestine, spleen, liver, lungs, skin, and fur were the chief sites of deposition. 50% of the administered dose was found in the muscle followed in order by the kidney, blood, skin, and fur, liver, bone, and small intestine. After one week the dose in these organs decreased, except ln the kidney. Hg/sup 2//sup 0//sup 3/ was excreted via both feces and urine. The excretion rate was high (70%) for the first few days but decreased. The biological and effective half lives of Hg/ sup 2//sup 0//sup 3/ were determined to be 50 and 24.2 days, respectively. (P.C.H.)