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A review of the methods of representative aerosol sampling—the basic operation in almost all aerosol investigations, is given. Various cases of sampling are treated—from vertical and horizontal streams in gas ducts, from rooms and from the atmosphere. The various types of sampling probe are considered as well as the effect of several factors on sampling efficiency (aspiration coefficient). Theoretical computations and experimental data on the value of this coefficient as a function of the aerodynamic sampling conditions, the inertial particle parameter and particle diffusivity are discussed. The use of a spherical probe for sampling stationary aerosols is suggested.