Search

3-Methyleneoxindole (MO), an oxidation product of the plant auxin indole-3-acetic acid, can selectively inhibit the replication of herpes-, mengo-, polioviruses, and Sindbis virus. The antiviral action of MO, a sulfhydryl binding compound, is neutralized by 2-mercaptoethanol if the latter is added soon after exposure of infected cells to MO. If addition of 2-mercaptoethanol is delayed, the antiviral action of MO appears to be irreversible. Data are presented which indicate that the antiviral action of MO is not mediated by interferon.

Resume Tant avant que depuis l'entree en vigueur du National Health Service Act , la loi sur le service de la Sante Publique britannique, les rapports entre les medecins de famille et les services de nursing dependant des administrations locales de la Sante se sont heurtes a des difficultes. Les infirmieres, accoucheuses et assistantes sociales operaient sur une base geographique tandis que les patients des medecins de famille etaient parfois disperses dans des districts dependant d'equipes de nursing differentes. La consequence de ce manque de contact etait que les medecins n'utilisaient pas a plein toute l'aide dont leurs patients pouvaient beneficier et que le personnel infirmier n'etait pas employe jusqu'a concurrence de son potentiel maximal. Dans la combinaison decrite ici, le service de nursing local a ete mis en mesure de collaborer etroitement avec un groupe de medecins de famille du Berkshire et de faire equipe avec lui en vue d'assurer un service efficace de soins familiaux. Tous les participants ont constate que leur travail s'en est trouve elargi et enrichi et ont pu soigner plus efficacement leurs patients. L'importance des points suivants a ete reconnue: 1.1° La preparation adequate de la collaboration. 2.2° Le choix soigneux des personnes appelees a collaborer. 3.3° La necessite d'encourager tous les membres de l'equipe a utiliser leurs capacties au maximum. 4.4° La notion de la parite du travail entre l'equipe de nursing et les medecins. 5.5° Les rencontres quotidiennes ou l'on entretient etroitement les rapports de travail et ou l'on discute les problemes mutuels.

The most characteristic feature of the entire region of Central Anatolia, namely those parts lying outside of the basins of the Klzll Irmak, the Sakarya, and the Buyuk WIenderes, and reaching ultimately as far as the watershed line of the streams emptying into the Mediterranean Sea, is its interior drainage. This region includes both closed drainage systems emptying into salt lakes, the largest of which is the Tuz Golu, as well as karstzol systems with underground drainage, particularly frequent in the predominantly limestone country of the Central Taurus mountains, in the Konya and Eregli Plains, and in the Lake Region westward from Konya to Denizli. These karstic

The transmission line matrix formalism so useful for describing the transfer properties of microwave networks is extended to the electromagnetic fields associated with optical masers. The spontaneous emission noise of the optical maser is examined and shown to be amenable to a thermal description. Taking the point of view, well accepted at microwave frequencies, that a weakly nonlinear oscillator is a saturated amplifier of noise, the power and linewidth of the noise radiation emitted by the optical maser is calculated using the transmission line formalism. The significant parameters for any optical maser are shown to be the frequency, the single-pass gain of the maser medium, the effective mirror reflectivity and the population ratio. The pre-oscillation characteristics of the maser are examined and the reason for the extremely sharp oscillation threshold of the gas masers is discussed. Some observations concerning semiconductor optical masers are also made.

A method is presented for direct determination of the frequency of ionization and of the coefficient of free diffusion for electrons in a microwave discharge. The method is based on determining the rate of growth of the electron density in a microwave cavity in which an electric field larger than that necessary for breakdown is applied. The ionization frequency and the coefficient of free diffusion for electrons in hydrogen were measured in a pressure range of 15 to 45 mm Hg. Comparison is made with existing theory.

SUMMARYThe mating response and lambing outcome was studied in 584 sheep in twentyeight farm flocks after treatment with progestagen impregnated intravaginal sponges and PMS during June/July (period of late anoestrus). Each pessary carried a dose of 30 mg ‘Cronolone’ (9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxy-17α-acetoxy-progesterone; SC-9880, G. D. Searle) in finely dispersed form; half the number of pessaries carried an additional dose of 400 mg progesterone. Intravaginal treatment was for 12 days; a single intramuscular injection of 500 i.u. PMS (Burrough's Wellcome) was made at pessary withdrawal. Breeding was by natural service, using 10% rams. The response was 98·8% bred in the 4 days after treatment, 61·2% conceptions in those served and an average of 1·65 lambs/conception. This resulted in the birth, within the period of about 1 week, of 100 ‘early’ lambs for every 100 ewes exposed to rams. The addition of 400 mg progesterone to pessaries or the injection of a dose of 5 mg progesterone at sponge withdrawal did not improve response beyond that found with ‘Cronolone’ alone.

The paraxial motion, described in terms of the guiding center and gyroradius, of noninteracting charged particles in arbitrarily varying, azimuthally symmetric electric and magnetic fields is considered. In particular, the case where the magnetic field passes through zero is treated exactly. It is shown that a complete interchange of the guiding center and radius vector coordinates can be obtained for a nonimpulsive field reversal. The formalism has use in electron optics as well as transverse wave‐beam interactions.

Research on thermally stable ferrite materials tailored to laminated memory arrays operated at low current levels is described. For this application a ferrite combining low coercive force, fast switching, good squareness, small grain size, high Curie temperature, and high resistivity is necessary. The manganese-ferrous ferrite, manganese-lithium ferrite, and manganese-magnesium-ferrite systems (including, in some cases, small amounts of other metal ions) are studied. A manganese-magnesium-zinc ferrite (Zn 0.11 Mn 0.41 Mg 0.83 Fe 16.3 O 4 ) has the best combination of properties for laminated memory arrays. Arrays containing 256 × 100 conductors were successfully operated, without thermal or current compensation, over a temperature range of 0° to 50°C. The memory arrays described have operating characteristics that are compatible with integrated semiconductor drive currents.

The vertical distribution of density, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, apparent oxygen utilization, nutrients, preformed phosphate, pH, alkalinity, alkalinity: chlorinity ratio, “in situ” partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and percent saturation of calcite and aragonite, for the Southeastern Bering Sea, is studied and explained in terms of biological and physical processes. Some hydrological interactions between the Bering Sea and the North Pacific Ocean are explained. The horizontal distribution of dissolved oxygen at 2000 and 2500 m depths, throughout the Bering Sea, indicates that deep water is flowing from the Pacific, through the Kamchatka Strait, and then northward and eastward in the Bering Sea. Based on the dissolved oxygen distribution we estimate roughly that it takes 20 years for the deep waters to move from the Kamchatka Strait to the Southeastern part of the eastern basin. The surface concentration of nutrients is higher in the Bering Sea than in the North Pacific Ocean, probably because of upwelling and intense vertical mixing in the Bering Sea. A multivariable regression analysis of dissolved oxygen as a function of phosphate concentration and potential temperature was applied for the region where the potential temperature-salinity diagram is straight, and the confidence interval of the PO4 coefficient, at the 95% probability level, was found consistent with theRedfield biochemical oxidation model. The calcium carbonate saturation calculations show that the Bering Sea is supersaturated with aragonite in the upper 100 m, and with calcite in the upper 200 m. Below these depths seawater is undersaturated with respect to these two minerals.

Introductory psychology students ( N = 193) served as Ss in an investigation of the effect of a defendant's home address on the verdict returned after reading a contrived burglary case. Ss perceived the residence cue to financial status (72%), but awareness did not influence judgments of the defendant's guilt (χ3 = .80, p > .30). The findings support the position of judges and attorneys who contend that jurors resist the influence of cues to socioeconomic status when reaching a verdict.

SUMMARYEighty-nine cattle were treated to induce high superovulation with 3000 i.u. PMSG on day 16 of the cycle and slaughtered shortly after breeding and injection of 2000 i.u. HCG. In the 79 cattle that came in oestrus, the mean number of ovulations was 9.0. The percentage of follicles ovulating and the mean ovulation rate increased markedly as the interval between PMSG and oestrus increased from 2 to 5 days. Seventy-one percent of eggs shed were recovered; 68% of eggs recovered were cleaved. Evidence on cleavage stages attained, and on the location of eggs in the Fallopian tubes and uterus, suggests that a majority of eggs were capable of normal development.

Acoustic light modulators are discussed in which the optical carrier is reinserted in the diffracted, frequency-shifted light beam. Reinsertion is accomplished in a novel fashion using a Kosters prism. In contrast to the usual acoustic modulator, the diffracted light is power modulated at the acoustic frequency. Modulation bandwidth and depth are each calculated as a function of the optical and acoustic beam parameters, assuming a Gaussian optical beam and rectangular acoustic beam. It is shown that the modulation bandwidth increases proportional to the optical beam diffraction angle and equals the inverse of the transit time of the sound across the waist of the optical beam. The optimum modulation depth, for a given acoustic power, corresponds to approximate equality of the optical and acoustic diffraction angles. Confirming experiments in the frequency range 250/350 MHz are described.

SUMMARYThe oestrous response and subsequent lambing performance of 264 sheep was studied after treatment with intravaginal sponges and PMS during July (period of late anoestrus). Four progestagen treatments were employed, each in combination with one or other of four dose levels of PMS (0, 250, 500 and 750 i.u.) given at pessary withdrawal; the sixteen resultant treatments were applied in each of seventeen flocks. Modification of standard ‘Cronolone’ (9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxy-17α-acetoxy-progesterono; G. D. Searle) pessaries to ensure thorough dispersion of the compound resulted in a significantly higher mating response and lambing outcome. The highest lambing outcome followed the use of 500 i.u. PMS. The onset of heat, relative to progestagen withdrawal, was affected both by progestagen treatment and PMS dose level. The conception percentage was highest in sheep which were bred on the second day after treatment. The implications of the data, in explaining some previous results with standard ‘Cronolone’ sponges, are briefly discussed.

True magnetic-annealing effects, i. e., hysteresis loops with high remanence and rectangularity, with no increase in coercive force, can be induced in flat ring samples of bulk .015 cm thick polycrystalline Supermalloy at low temperatures by a new electron-radiomagnetic treatment. This treatment is possible because radiation produces vacancies in excess of the thermal equilibrium number, and this excess of vacancies accelerates diffusion of atoms, thereby permitting alignment of like-atom pairs by the applied magnetic field. This process is the only irradiation treatment for achieving true magnetic annealing effects in soft magnetic materials. Magnetic-field neutron irradiation induces rectangularity but at the expense of higher coercive force, due to the fact that in addition to excess vacancy production, neutrons produce additional and more complex defects. Other advantages of the magnetic-field electron-irradiation treatment over other processes for inducing rectangularity include shorter processing time and no induced radioactivity.

The behaviour of the Dragon electrolytic hygrometer as a discontinuous instrument has been investigated. This has led to improvements in cell design and the development of an intermittent electrolysis technique to extend the range to 10-7 atm.

Radioautographic evidence using Ca 45 Cl 2 is presented to demonstrate that the aorta has an inherent ability to bind calcium ion regardless of age, sex or species. The binding occurs primarily in the intima and is not homogeneously distributed. Experiments with boiled aorta suggest that the primary substance responsible is collagen. The binding of calcium by the aorta has a marked effect upon the stability of emulsions. A theory of arterial plaque formation is presented.

Passive coupling of the electron cyclotron and synchronous waves in quadrupolar pump fields is examined. It is shown that sinusoidal energy exchange occurs when the quadrupole field is pumped so that the effective or Doppler‐shifted pump frequency as observed by the drifting beam equals the electron cyclotron frequency. One fast and one slow wave are coupled when the pump frequency is greater than either of the beam wave frequencies, while two fast or two slow waves are coupled when the pump frequency is less than at least one of the beam wave frequencies. Experimental results confirming these predictions are presented and possible applications are discussed. In addition, it is shown that active coupling of two synchronous waves occurs when the effective pump frequency is zero.

Anhidrosis produced by 5 and 10% glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde were studied to gain insight into the anatomic site of action. Stripping the stratum corneum largely removed the anhidrosis in 5% concentration. This suggests that the site of action involved some portion of the stratum corneum. Stripping in the 10% concentration only partially removed the anhidrosis suggesting that a deeper site was also involved. This superficial site of action suggests the likelihood of obtaining other aldehydes which may be effective anhidrotics without also having significant sensitization potential. Iontophoresis with tap water using different current densities also produced a marked anhidrosis. The lower milliamperage anhidrosis was reduced 50% by stripping, whereas the higher milliamperage anhidrosis was only partially reduced by stripping. Iontophoresis appears to produce an epidermal injury. It is hypothesized that this results in abnormal keratinization and plugging of sweat duct orifices. It is still to be determined whether iontophoresis offers a practical therapeutic approach to the treatment of hyperhidrosis.

A solution for the paraxial orbits of charged particles in varying magnetic fields is given. The magnetic field is assumed to be azimuthally symmetric but is allowed to vary arbitrarily with time or axial distance. The instantaneous guiding center and radius vector of the orbit are given in terms of the initial guiding center and radius vector and two parameters which are determined from the solution of a first‐order differential equation containing the magnetic‐field variation. One exact and two approximate constants of the motion are evaluated and discussed.

A procedure has been described which eliminates the interference due to tyrosine in Neuman and Logan determination of hydroxyproline. This makes possible the quantitative estimation of the latter in noncollagenous tissues, without the necessity of correcting for the tyrosine content. The hydroxyproline content of normal rat livers has been found to be 1.26 ± 0.13 mg. hydroxyproline per gram of dry, defatted liver.

Standards have established the exact location of the sound-track of motion picture film in relation to the perforations and the picture area. Numerous cases are described of prints wherein the sound-track location departs considerably from the standard. This is a source of annoyance to the projectionist and often results in faults on the screen or in reproduction.

In several recent papers, attention has been given to the Fresnel reflectivity associated with cleaved facets of the laser. The small dimensions of the heterostructure waveguide give rise to a considerable angular spread in the energy incident on the facet. As a result, the mode reflectivity is not given simply by the Fresnel equation, which is only valid for an infinite plane wave. Rather, it is a properly weighted average over the plane-wave distribution of the mode. The differences in mode reflectivity with respect to TE and TM modes, as well as the variations with mode number, have been offered as a possible explanation for the predominant appearance of TE modes and preference for higher order modes in the large optical-cavity (LOC) geometry. However, the considerations to date have ignored the finite extent of the field in the junction plane. This situation is rectified in this paper. It is shown that the splitting in the mode reflectivity values between TE (electric field in the junction plane) and TM (electric field perpendicular to the junction plane) modes is reduced, and under certain conditions TM modes can be favored. In particular, it is shown that if a TE mode is oscillating, then there is a preference for a lowest order mode in the plane of the junction and a highest order mode in the transverse plane. Conversely, if for some reason a TM mode is oscillating, then the preference is for highest order modes in the plane of the junction and lowest order modes in the transverse plane.

Nitrous oxide has been found in surface and deep ocean waters of the S. Pacific. The observed concentrations are lower than expected for solubility equilibrium with concentrations previously reported in the continental atmosphere. Lower atmospheric concentrations than previous continental data have been found in N. Pacific air. These variations indicate that N 2 O should be an important tracer gas for atmospheric studies.

Three factors responsible for the confusion which exists in the literature regarding the anatomical signs of drowning are analysed. The three elements of confusion are interdependent as they all rely upon the mistaken belief that it is possible to relate pathological (or anatomical) findings to speculative theories about different mechanisms of death which may occur when a body is submerged or immersed in a fluid medium. The question as to whether or not there are any anatomical signs presumptive of drowning, is to be considered within the framework of a definition which is not concerned with speculative theories about mechanisms of death. A definition of drowning is presented. In considering the anatomical signs of classical drowning in terms of this definition, all signs of submersion or immersion are excluded which have no evidential value in determining whether or not the person is breathing at the time of his submersion or immersion. A reservation is made that the anatomical signs can only be assessed in bodies that have not undergone changes. In an approach to the problem, the classification of deaths of medicolegal importance into two groups is followed. In the first group the pathological findings are not specific, and in the second group the analysis is directed towards the existence or otherwise of special pathological findings characteristic of drowning. The nature of the changes which can be classified within the second group are analysed in respect of the respiratory tract, the stomach and the intestines. In evaluating the significance of the presence of fluid in the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli, consideration is given to the fact that the postmortem appearances may be complicated by the supervention of pulmonary oedema. The anatomical signs in human beings are considered in relation to mechanisms of death described in experimental animals, in fresh and salt water drowning. Apart from the difficulty in establishing the precise mechanism of death of these forms of drowning in experimental animals, doubt is expressed about the validity of automatically extrapolating to human beings the cardio-respiratory and biochemical events which are observed in experimental animals. It is shown that anatomical signs have a limited usefulness in determining presumptive evidence of drowning.

Observations were made of time variations of the carbon dioxide partial pressures (Pco2) of the atmosphere and surface sea waters in the Pacific subarctic region. Data were obtained on a cruise of the USC & GSSSURVEYOR in October, 1968 and on the TRANSPAC expedition of the CNAVENDEAVOUR in March–April, 1969. A rise in surface water Pco2 of 18×10−6 atm occurred in a period of 30–45 days in March–April due principally to spring warming of surface waters. An average increase of 60×10−6 atm occurred between October, 1968 and March, 1969 as a result mainly of cessation of summer phytoplankton production and the onset of winter-storm-driven vertical mixing. Because the air-sea Pco2 gradient not only changed appreciably in magnitude but also changed sign, there are important implications for calculations of air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide on the ocean wide scale.

The parental and hybrid seed of three synthesis experiments (B. oleraceaxB. campestris = B. napus) has been analysed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis for general proteins and certain enzymes. A serological study has been made of one of the synthesis experiments. The protein and enzyme patterns of the newly established hybrids are compared with those of two well-established varieties of B. napus. The results suggest that the hybrid seed has no protein which differs from those in the parental types, and that the protein spectrum of the hybrid is a summation of some of the proteins found in the parents. The analytical methods employed are discussed with particular reference to their value as an assessment of plant genotype.

An automatic sample changer based upon a commercially available 20-port rotary valve has been developed for use in automated seawater nutrient analyses. All parts exposed to seawater are of stainless steel, Teflon®, or Kel-F®. The sampler has proven to be rugged and efficient in both shore and shipboard laboratories.

SUMMARYTransfer was made of 2958 sheep ovarian oocytes, cultured in growth medium for 24–30 h, to the oviducts of 142 oestrous sheep; 132 were bred and ten remained unbred. Forty-two per cent of oocytes were recovered, mainly 4–24 h after transfer; tubal flushings were examined for sperm. Evidence of a sperm within the vitellus of follicular oocytes was found in nine recipients, the earliest at 6 h 50 min after transfer. Pronucleate eggs were most frequent 9–14 h after transfer; a limited number of eggs showing normal cleavage wasrecovered.