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A SEMINAR WAS HELD TO PROVIDE STATE LEADERS IN HOME ECONOMICS WITH AN OPPORTUNITY TO GAIN GREATER UNDERSTANDING OF HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAMS OF OCCUPATIONAL PREPARATION. PARTICIPANTS INCLUDED DIRECTORS OF AREA VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS, TEACHER EDUCATORS, DEANS OF SCHOOLS OF HOME ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SPECIALISTS, STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT PERSONNEL, SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, SUBJECT MATTER SPECIALISTS, U.S. OFFICE OF EDUCATION REPRESENTATIVES, HOME ECONOMICS SUPERVISORS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR STAFF, AND GUIDANCE PERSONNEL. THE FOLLOWING PAPERS WERE AMONG THOSE PRESENTED--(1) "A CHALLENGE TO HOME ECONOMICS LEADERS," (2) "UNDERSTANDING THE URBAN SOCIETY," (3) "DYNAMICS OF CHANGE," (4) "A FRAMEWORK FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT," (5) "DEVELOPMENT OF POST-HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAMS," (6) "USE OF RESEARCH STUDIES," AND (7) "EFFECTIVE PLAN FOR PILOT PROGRAMS." KEY PROBLEMS AND IDEAS FOR ACTION WHICH GREW OUT OF GROUP DISCUSSION WERE PRESENTED UNDER FOUR HEADINGS--(1) WORK WITH ALL PHASES OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, (2) ADULT PROGRAMS TO MEET COMMUNITY NEEDS, (3) PROGRAMS DESIGNED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE DISADVANTAGED, AND (4) WAYS TO SELECT AND PREPARE TEACHERS FOR TEACHING IN OCCUPATIONAL PROGRAMS. (MS)

THROUGH A REVIEW OF LITERATURE, STUDIES OF EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, AND VISITS TO JUNIOR COLLEGES IN WASHINGTON AND CALIFORNIA, GUIDELINES WERE DEVELOPED FOR DATA PROCESSING PROGRAMS IN THE LOS ANGELES JUNIOR COLLEGES. ACCORDING TO ONE STUDY, IN BUSINESS APPLICATIONS, 70 PERCENT OF EMPLOYEES HAD A.A. DEGREES OR LESS. IN SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS, 13 PERCENT HAD SIMILAR TRAINING. ANNUALLY, APPROXIMATELY 4,000 JOB OPENINGS ARE AVAILABLE IN LOS ANGELES FOR DATA PROCESSING GRADUATES. EIGHTY-EIGHT PERCENT OF RESPONDENTS TO A SURVEY WERE WILLING TO EMPLOY GRADUATES OF JUNIOR COLLEGE DATA PROCESSING PROGRAMS. SPECIALIZED PROGRAMS ARE NEEDED FOR BUSINESS AND SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS, AND FOR COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY SERVICES, WITH PROGRAMS FOR SPECIAL NEED OF TRANSFER STUDENTS. EACH LOS ANGELES JUNIOR COLLEGE SHOULD HAVE A DATA PROCESSING CENTER WITH A LIBRARY WORK CENTER. LABORATORY HOURS SHOULD BE INCREASED IN ALL PHASES OF THE PROGRAM. MOST EFFECTIVE TEACHING IS DONE BY PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS WITH SPECIALIZED DATA PROCESSING BACKGROUND. CURRICULUM PROPOSALS, FACILITY LAYOUTS, AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ARE INCLUDED. (WO)

Insight into both the employee and employer aspects of the Mexican American migrant farm workers was the basis for this study. The objectives were (1) to collect sociological profile data; (2) to determine and analyze the wage earnings and fringe benefits of these migrants; (3) to secure migrant opinion about housing and employment; (4) to analyze the educational progress of migrant children; and (5) to determine growers' views about the role of migrant laborers in the community and in the grower's farming operation. The data, collected through personal interviews with 69 migrant workers and their 29 employers, indicated that migrant interviewees did not consider themselves to be in poverty and were reasonably well satisfied with the earnings, housing, fringe benefits, working conditions, and government services available to them in Ohio. Also, while migrant children have received considerably more education than their parents, more than 50% of those in school were more than 1 year behind their grade level. In interviews, growers admitted that if wage rates increase significantly above current levels, there will likely be increased mechanical harvesting and a considerable decrease in migrant employment. (HBC)

The author suggests that we are moving into an era where skills in persuasion are considered prerequisite to other management skills and discusses the emphasis on interpersonal communication as a continuing process that serves the purpose of making known and available to an industrial group the resources of individual human beings. He cites the "prime movers" of the new trends in persuasion, with brief statements of their principal ideas and contributions. The author concludes by outlining clues to future developments or trends: closer interaction between sales and management training; increased study of nonverbal communication; intercultural approaches to communications problems; effects of emotion on organizational operations; and increased requests for assistance to business from the academic world. (RN)

A series of options open to the National Institute of Education (NIE) for coordinating its research and development function with other federal agencies active in educational research and development are presented in this document. Background information in topic outline form discusses: (a) brief synopses of major sponsors of educational research and development within the federal government, (b) examples of existing coordination systems, and (c) a framework for interagency coordination. The fourth section presents a series of options for consideration in determining the procedure whereby NIE can coordinate its research and development activities with other agencies. The last section outlines three suggested coordination program models combining mechanisms discussed in the preceding section. No recommendations are presented. A two-item bibliography and appendix with agency coordination contacts are included. (Author/MJM)

The two purposes of this investigation were to study the effects of variance heterogeneity on three selected multiple comparison procedures and to determine if either of two nonstandard methods would be superior to the conventional methods based on mean square within. The three procedures studied were the Wholly Significant Difference Test (WSD), The "S" test, and a simple multiple "t" test (MTT) procedure. The investigation was a computer simulation consisting of 1000 experiments with four independent samples of five data points. Six pairwise contrasts were considered. The four variance conditions (VC) constituted one factor of the design. Each of the six contrasts were tested using three methods. The three methods constituted a second factor in the two-factor design with VC crossed with method. Results are tabulated and discussed. (DB)

To investigate the extent to which Illinois gainful home economics cooperative education programs have contributed to the employability of graduates, questionnaires were mailed to 1969 and 1970 graduates seeking current employment status, ratings on the contribution of the training to specific employment competencies, current employer's assessment of graduate readiness in specific employment competencies, and necessary entry skills. Usable returns from 188 of the 691 graduates revealed that: (1) 62 percent were employed at the time of the study, (2) The most job satisfaction received was from working with people, while most job dissatisfaction was related to the job situation, such as working conditions, (3) Greatest training contributions were in the areas of getting along with people, using time and energy, and handling new or unpleasant situations, (4) Entry level skills considered important by employers were generally in the areas of personal factors, and (5) Initial adjustments to employment conditions, specific work tasks, and speed that comes with experience were identified as difficult areas. Sample questionnaires and other study materials are appended. (SB)

Any particular teaching performance is limited by time and place and must be regarded as only a small sample of the large collection of activities called teaching. Evaluation is part of teaching, but it may also be a separate activity carried on by a third party. Evaluation methods differ according to the purpose, whether for guidance of preservice teachers, improvement of training programs, or certification. For both teacher education and teacher certification a major problem is that of defining all the kinds of jobs that teachers are expected to fill and adequately describing the social and institutional settings in which the jobs exist. No matter what the main reason for the evaluation of a particular teaching performance, the evaluator must take some account of what the teacher is trying to accomplish. If teaching performance is to be evaluated in detail, some theory of teaching is needed as a guide to how it should be broken down. Adequate justification for the theory must be available in some form. A particularly difficult problem in evaluating teaching performance is that of gathering sufficient accurate data. If teaching performance is to be judged on the basis of pupil learning, great care must be used to eliminate major sources of error in the assessment of learning. Among the many issues related to the problem of evaluating teacher performance are racial bias in teacher selection, merit rating, accountability, differentiated staffing, and community control of the schools. (RT)

The procedures taken and the results obtained in the planning of a reading and study skills course at Floyd Junior College are described. The course objectives and course structure are outlined. The aim of this course is to teach students reading, listening, notetaking, and study skills necessary for college success and to provide them with adequate practice for mastery of these skills. Students are tested both at the beginning and end of the course, and their scores are graphed to show each student's progress. Students are taught either by the instructors or by use of faculty-prepared or commercially-prepared tapes. Each faculty member prepared a taped lecture, an excerpt from his text, and a sample test over this material. A student experiencing difficulty in any course may choose to work individually on tapes, excerpts, and tests. Each student evaluates and improves his own place of study and develops a system of budgeting his time and keeps a weekly schedule of planned activities which are checked by the faculty. References are included. (AW)

This report represents a survey of some of the school mathematics contests which are conducted in the United States. The report is based on information obtained from fifty-nine national, state, regional, and local level contests. National contests are described separately. Brief accounts of certain school mathematics contests, the extent of such contests, contest procedures and practices, and advantages and disadvantages for establishing a mathematics contest are considered. A bibliography of articles which provide information about mathematics contests is included. Names and addresses of organizations which sponsor the contests reported in this study are also provided. (FL)

The concentration of dental health services in urban areas creates a problem for the rural population of America. The problem is analyzed in this document by looking at the population distribution today and the ratio of dental services per population, the location of dental education resources, and the concern of society for the quality of living. Five objectives regarding dental health needs are discussed. Resources are identified which can help meet the objectives. It is concluded that the need for dental health is a national problem that can be solved if all facets of public health services work cooperatively toward a quality life for all. (DB)

This is a report on the three-year statewide study of school library facilities, collections, and services maintained by school districts and those maintained by county superintendents of schools, counties, or cities and made available to schools on a contractual basis. Data for the study were collected on questionnaires sent to every elementary, high school, and junior college library in California, in work sessions and interviews, and from special reports. Adequacy of school libraries was examined by comparing the collected data with approved library standards. Chapter I reviews the background and methodology of the study. Chapter II is an overview of California school libraries. Chapters III through V discuss elementary, high school, and junior college libraries respectively. Other topics covered in the study include: (1) county and district organization of school library services, (2) cooperation of community libraries and school libraries, (3) librarians for California schools, (4) The Education Code and school libraries, (5) effects of federal aid on school libraries, (6) consultant services, (7) new California programs, and (8) recommendations for improvement of school libraries. (CC)

This follow-up study aimed to determine whether a similar relationship between anxiety in the school situation and racial-socioeconomic status in upper elementary school children could be found in an expanded population. A population of 1201 fifth- and sixth-grade children from eight schools representing various combinations of urban-suburban, private-public, inner-outer city, and racial compositions were given a "General Anxiety Questionnaire." In addition, IQ, achievement gains, and teacher ratings of pupil behavior were used in this study. Results show that black inner city children do manifest a higher anxiety level than white children. Researchers argue that this anxiety is rooted in unmet physical and security needs in the inner city environment. Thus, a relationship can be established between social-emotional cognitive structures and racial-socioeconomic situations. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (KG)

The college-level computer assisted instruction (CAI) courses, one in French, the other in Remedial English, were the bases for the data presented here. Each CAI course is briefly outlines. A summary is then presented of the students' completion records and attitude changes. In the case of the Remedial English course, it is noted that these records served as feedback in solving a programing problem. Data is presented in tabular form at the end of the document. (JY)

This publication reports the results of the design and development of a planning programming budgeting system for the Milford, New Hampshire, school system. The authors attempted to develop a program oriented budget rather than a line item or input oriented budget, and a model adaptable for general applications. The order of priority budgeting first, programming second, and planning third, reverses the more traditional emphasis. Time limitation prohibited detailed examination of the planning, controlling, and evaluating phases of PPBS. An introductory chapter outlines the background and application of PPBS. Three appendixes provide exhibits of budget, personnel, and enrollment accounting punch cards as well as a per-pupil budget summary. (DE)

Some 1750 sketch maps drawn in response to three sets of instructions by residents of, and commuters to, Staten Island and 138 extended interviews with residents suggest that informal learning is largely independent of formal learning. Cognitive maps which individuals form are practical instruments frequently bearing no resemblance to commercial maps of the given area. Generally, areas which are not relevant for individuals are not included on the maps. The most detailed and technically accurate maps were provided by those with a pride in the Island indicating exploration throughout the Island together with study of commercial maps. In this case, everything about the Island appears to be considered relevant, suggesting, in general, that if information is to be meaningfully absorbed it must be seen as having a direct bearing on the real life of the individual. (Author/CJ)

A pilot project was conducted to determine if there was evidence to support an experimental program for comparison with the current, conventional programs of 9th grade social studies in the East Lansing, Michigan schools. The experimental program was one in which students were introduced into the world of work and spheres of the citizen within the broad context of "man and society" by use of a comparative cultures approach. Forty-four students were subjected to the experimental program and 50 to the conventional program. Pre-post measures of attitudes considered basic to citizenship behavior and several other instruments were administered to both groups. Data indicated relevant attitudinal change for both experimental and conventional programs. Data from a social distance scale favored the experimental with respect to increased acceptance of racial and nationality groups. Tests of student self-concept of academic ability and self-identity indicated no differential effectiveness. Subjective student judgments indicated the experimental program was more interesting. The results of the pilot study were considered sufficiently promising to warrant the recommendation that a more comprehensive study be initiated. (MM)

A UNIT ON EFFECTIVE THINKING, WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL FOCUS ON INFLUENTIAL THINKING, WAS PREPARED AND TESTED. A TEXT, "EFFECTIVE THINKING," WAS PREPARED. AN INEXPERIENCED TEACHER USED THE TEXT IN A NINE WEEK COURSE WITH SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS. ONLY A POST-TEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN WAS USED. THE TWO FACTORS STUDIED WERE TREATMENT AND SEX. THE TEST OF INFERENCE PATTERNS (TIP), USED BY HOWELL IN AN EARLIER STUDY, WAS THE CRITERION MEASURE AT THE END OF THE FIRST NINE WEEK PERIOD. STUDENT IQ'S WERE ALSO AVAILABLE. THE INFERENTIAL REASONING ANLYSIS (IRA) BY HOWELL WAS THE CRITERION MEASURE USED FOR THE SECOND NINE WEEK PERIOD. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF TOTAL TEST SCORES ON TIP YIELDED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS. THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SCORES OF MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS OR BETWEEN TREATMENT AND SEX. USING A COVARIANCE ADJUSTMENT, IT WAS FOUND THAT IQ HAD AN EFFECT ON THE CRITERION. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PART I, II, IV, AND TOTAL SCORES OF THE IRA PRODUCED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER SCORES FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP. SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND BETWEEN THE SEXES FOR TOTAL IRA SCORES. NO SIGNIFICANT INTERACTION WAS FOUND BETWEEN TREATMENT AND SEX. IN GENERAL, RESULTS INDICATED THAT SEVENTH GRADERS CAN PROFIT FROM INSTRUCTION IN INFERENTIAL REASONING, AND THAT HIGHER IQ STUDENTS WILL PROFIT MORE FROM THIS INSTRUCTION. (SK)

After suggesting that young people are superfluous to the labor force, this article examines two alternative frameworks for educational policy, one which regards schooling as an investment, and one which regards it as welfare. The growth of experimental schools is compared to the rationale for each of the frameworks. (Author)

The purpose of this study was to develop an effective model to determine environmental awareness in a geographic region. Included in the instrument were questionnaires sent out to members of the community--educators, clergymen, industrial workers, students. Data from this study resulted in the development of recommendations for other researchers. (MA)

The professional aspirations of many young women in the 1970's are supported by the feminist movement. But there have been instances in which competition and jealousy between women outweighed feminist ideals. This review is an attempt to trace and understand the sources of these blocks to feminist support. (Author)

Qualitative and quantitative differences in cognitive performance resulting from two different evaluation and reward grading systems were studied among 88 students enrolled in a one-semester "Biological Concepts" course with content from the field of ecology. Students were randomly divided into the experimental and the control groups. One group was assigned to work in teams of four individuals whose grades were partially dependent upon the teammate performance, whereas students in the other group worked as autonomous individuals. Systems approach performance objectives were used to test student achievement at the cognitive levels of knowledge, comprehension, application, and analysis, or a composite of these four levels. Statistical analyses showed the absence of significant differences between the two groups. Independent learners were likely to spend more time in their work, and most students considered evaluation and grading of students as intradependent team members an unfair practice. Since cooperative interaction has been assumed to represent an evolutionary step beyond competition, the author concluded that the present evaluation schemes provided insufficient incentive to induce students to persist in productive team effort. (Author/CC)

Reported are the proceedings of the Annual College-Industry Conference. A total of 28 papers is presented around the general theme: "Problems in Engineering Education Today." The headings of six sessions are: Continuing Education, Engineering and Management Joint Programs, The Growing Spectrum of Technical Education, Academic Industrial Interface, Retraining Engineers, and New Trends in Technical Education. Emphases are placed on the following aspects: specified curriculum developments, performance measurement, educational program designing, effective educational organizations, professional recognition, minority professional personnel projects, design course contents, engineering educators profiles, internship in industry, and engineer employment and responsibilities. Included are illustrations for explanation purposes. (CC)

Morphological features in the speech of Southern white and Negro students at four grade levels were studied by an instrument designed to test the students' knowledge of fifteen inflectional endings (including the allomorphs of the regular plural, singular possessive and third person singular present, absence of the plural possessive, and the comparative and superlative endings) and four derivational endings (-er, -ness, -less, and -able). Results found (1) grade differences on 18 out of 19 endings except for the singular possessive allomorph, (2) racial differences on all endings, (3) differences in levels of application on 17 out of 19 endings except for the comparative and superlative morphemes; significant interaction between (4) grade and race on 8 endings, (5) grade and level of application on 5 endings, (6) race and level of application on 11 endings; and significant triple interaction among (7) grade, race, and level of application on 7 endings. It was concluded that both white and Negro children enter school without a mastery of the common forms of English morphology. Both groups increase in their ability to use these endings, but the white become proficient earlier. The differences on level of application indicate that in most cases these students were not able to transfer morphological rules from familiar to novel situations. (Author/HOD)

In a two-part study to determine if an inservice education program could change attitudes toward language and behavior in teaching language, 34 secondary English teachers took a graduate level linguistics course and participated in a four-day language workshop which included the writing of a language curriculum guide. A questionnaire was then distributed to 248 language teachers (including the 34 who had the special inservice training) to determine what use the teachers would make of the language guide and a linguistics textbook. It was found that the inservice program had effected significant change in teacher attitudes toward language and that change was also effected in teacher behavior. The program was directly responsible for inservice teachers electing to use the linguistics textbook and the language guide to a greater degree than the non-inservice teachers. To best effect curriculum change, it was recommended that school districts provide continuous inservice education in the teaching of language and that colleges of education encourage practical studies to help facilitate such change in public schools. (Author/MF)

This study discusses how the high school English teacher can use a study of the modern American novel to help his students function successfully in a society that often strips people of their individuality. The thrust of the study is on teaching materials, but teaching strategies and activities are also discussed. It is suggested that the study of dehumanization take place in a classroom where individualism prevails. The four parts of the study examine the protagonist who is a victim of social regimentation, the adolescent protagonist who represents truth or innocence in a society that no longer values those ideals, the minority protagonist who is victimized, and selected film, music, and contemporary poetry. Many novels are suggested for use and ten are examined in detail. (Author/DI)

The purpose of the study was to devise a taxonomy of moves and strategies found in the teaching of a skill venture at the secondary school level. Fifty-seven hours of classroom instruction were audiotaped from a sample consisting of teachers of various preparation, age, and experience levels from schools of various sizes, location, and socio-economic levels. Analysis of transcriptions of the audiotapes showed that teacher behavior in a skill venture could be partitioned into 13 moves: introductory, motivation, analogy, monitory, assertion, application, giving answers to exercise (GATE), specification of error, evaluation, correction, clarification, practice, and demonstration moves. Demonstration and practice moves were further partitioned into submoves and then examined for strategies. Results of examining the strategies within demonstration and practice moves showed one major strategy apparent in each: an introductory-GATE strategy within practice moves and an introductory-application strategy within demonstration moves. Results of overall strategy analysis showed a demonstration-practice sequence to be the most popular strategy. (Author/DT)