1. Change Agent Research for Citizenship, Sportsmanship and Manhood (CAR for CSM).
- Author
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Windsor Univ. (Ontario). Faculty of Physical and Health Education., Moriarty, Dick, and Holman, Marge
- Abstract
This study of nine Little League teams revolved around the following problems and questions: (a) role or status of Little League baseball as sport or athletics; (b) conflict in the interface of local, provincial, national, and international organizations; (c) relative significance of variables of technical skills, administrative decision-making, and public image; and (d) effect of equating and evaluating amateur sport on the criteria of professional athletics or vice versa. Research procedures included television observation, personal observation teams, interviews, and written questionnaires. Analysis of the interview material and written questionnaires showed commitment to the goals of amateur sport--participation, play, and service in a democratic, mutual-benefit organization for the benefit of players. Observation of actual behavior, however, did not support these beliefs. Aggression, hostility, and other negative behavior was observed on the part of all groups involved. Because of these observations, recommendations were made for changing behavior by modifying the structure of the league. The recommendations included: (a) employing mass media to focus on goals of amateur sports as opposed to goals of professional athletics; (b) dividing players on the basis of age and ability; (c) discontinuing scoring and standing, at least at beginning levels; and (d) evaluating Little League in terms of individual player improvement and number of participants rather than standings, competitive caliber, or success in championships. (PB)
- Published
- 1974