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The present study examined the effects of social feedback (praise and criticism) as well as opponent's strategy on the cooperation of 80 like-sexed pairs who played 40 trials of a Prisoner's Dilemma Game. Feedback was seen by Ss as administered by a peer or Eand was either praise or criticism. There were five feedback conditions: Peer-praise, E-praise, Peer-criticism, E-criticism, and a neutral control condition. The opponent's strategy was programmed by Eto be either Honest-Cooperative, Honest-Competitive, Dishonest-Cooperative, or Dishonest-Competitive. Analysis indicated that feedback was generally effective in increasing cooperation beyond that in the control group. However, with a competitive opponent, only E-praise led to increased cooperation. It was suggested that the clarity of the feedback agent's role is crucial and that ambiguous motives may diminish the effectiveness of his feedback.

Serum folic acid clearance curves using Lactobacillus casei were determined on 10 normal individuals, 5 patients with hemolytic anemias and active hemolysis, 15 patients with myeloid metaplasia, and 12 patients with miscellaneous hematologic disorders. In general, there was a correlation between the initial serum folate value and the subsequent serum folate clearance curve. Both values were determined by L. casei. In many instances of initial serum folate values classified as indeterminate, the serum folate clearance clarified the initial impression. Patients with active hemolytic anemia showed rapid folate clearance curves following injection with a test dose of folic acid. In eight of 15 patients with myeloid metaplasia, the serum folate clearance was rapid; in 5 of these patients the serum folate clearance was consistent with marked folic acid deficiency. Several possible mechanisms for the folic acid deficiency in myeloid metaplasia are discussed, but the cause of the deficiency has not been established.