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(1 A) Norwegian group life insurance does not have the multiplicity of benefits provided by American [4] or even Swedish [1, 2, 3, 7, 12] insurers. The only coverage given1 is a straight death benefit for groups of lives, such as the employees of a firm or the members of a professional or vocational association. The sums assured of this group term life assurance are, in principle, stipulated for one year at a time, and natural premiums are paid for the single-year risk at the beginning of each contract year. Renewal of a group policy at the end of a contract year is usually quite automatic, however, and the insurer will commonly assume that the same sums will be in force until otherwise notified. Still, the whole contract is really a single-year transaction which can be terminated (or where the tariff can be changed) at the end of any contract year without necessitating any settlement of future obligations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

1A. When a Norwegian employer takes out a policy for retirement and survivors' pensions, say, for his staff, the tariff generally applied will be that of collective (or group) pension insurance [6], [5, page 201]. In such a case, the insurer will be informed of the age and sex of each person insured (as well as of the amount insured, of course), but he will not know who is married or has children, nor the ages of any spouses and children. The premium for a male staff member will depend on his sex and age at issue, but not on the age of his wife and children, if he has any, nor, indeed, will it depend on whether he has any at all. If such an insured dies, the pattern of benefits paid will depend on the survivors he turns out to leave behind. We may perhaps say that the structure of such survivorship is among the risks run by the insurer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In multiple decrement theory, disability theory, nuptiality and fertility theory, and in other connections, actuaries and demographers often study what in effect is simple Markov chain models. In these models, the transition probabilities, are defined on the basis of the forces of transition (infinitesimal transition probabilities). For various reasons, new models are sometimes constructed by replacing some of the original forces of transition by 0. We shall call the transition probabilities of such a new model partial probabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]