Search

0 bservation and experience emphasize the conviction that control of the vertical component of malocclusion is one of the most difficult tasks in orthodontics. The anteroposterior component as one dimension has been amply analyzed and discussed; however, information concerning the vertical component as the other dimension is insufficient. Consequently, certain types of malocclusion occasionally manifest themselves in undesirable situations during treatment and lead to unsatisfactory results. In this aspect of orthodontics, strong emphasis has been placed on the correlation between the overbite and the steepness of the mandible,l* 2 the degree of gonial angle, *, 3 the degree of occlusomandibular plane angle,4 the ratio between the anterior and posterior facial heights,5-7 and, to a lesser degree, a number of other insignificant correlations. Among these known diagnostic measurements, the degree of the mandibular plane angle is perhaps the most widely accepted and implied reference measurement. In fact, the terms hyperdivergence and hypodivergence have been introduced by Schudyl and are commonly used as significant diagnostic criteria. The hyperdivergent facial type supposedly indicates an open-bite or a tendenc$ toward an open-bite, whereas hypodivergency supposedly expresses a facial type with a deep overbite or an overbite tendency. Both types are verified and designated by the degree of the mandibular plane angle. Experience has taught that the correlation between the mandibular plane angle and the overbite is not a dependable factor upon which to base the diagnosis and the treatment plan, As a matter of fact, it is too often observed that there are deep overbite malocclusions in the hyperdivergent facial type. Similarly, open-bite malocclusions are found also in the hypodivergent facial type. It has frequently been observed that, in the course of treatment, a certain malocclusion with a moderate degree of overbite resulted in an anterior open-bite. Conversely, in a certain malocclusion that initially appeared to be an open-bite

The effect on some properties of syAthetic dawsonite by thermal treatment were investigated by DAT, TG, X-ray di actometry, infra e4 spectroscopy and the measurements of speci c gravity, poresity, Specific surface area and adsorption of SO2 gas etc.CO2 gas in synthetic dawsonite is slowly evolved by thermal treatment and its crystal structure collapses, By heating at 360 C, CO2 gas is completely dispersed and sodium aluminate gel (NaAIO(OH)2) is produced. At 650 C, CO2 gas and water of erystalli zation in synthetic dawsonite are evolved to form NaAIO2, which is very hygroscopic crystal. Sodium aluminate is recognized to be B-NaAIOi below 800 C, but it changes to r-NaAIO2 above 800C.Synthetic dawsonite is hardly hydrolyzed, but its hydrolysis is promoted by increasing teMperature, The hydrolysis of calcination products give sodi, um aluminate solution and psendoboehmite or bayerite. On the calcination preducts up te 400 C, the adsorption. ability bf SO2 gas increase with the increase of CO2 gas removed.. The chemical adsorption become prevalent on the calcination products above 300eC.

We present a practical formalism of low-energy nuclear reactions in which the ground-state correlations are treated in the random-phase approximation. The building blocks of the method are the matrix elements of two weakly energy- dependent effective interactions describing particle-hole pair scattering and pair creation or annnihilation in a correlated system. The corresponding transition operator, which give complete information on any nuclear reaction, are then introduced. We apply the method to a study of nucleon scattering, photonuclear, muonuclear reactions proceeding through the 1- states of /sup 16/O. The single-particle basis states are generated by a local, real Woods-Saxon potential, while the residual interuction has a zero range. In the relatively high excitation energy being studied, the correlations retained in the random- phase approximation affect very little nucleon scattering but reduce transition rates in photonuclear reactions and muon capture by about 8%. (auth)

Sixty-eight patients with varying degrees of radiation induced bone damage were studied in detail with respect to the absorbed doses in soft tissue of bone and the time-dose-fractionation treatment schemes employed.The cases were divided into 2 large categories of bone damage. The first category included 52 cases of predominantly irreparable injuries; the second included 16 cases of reparable damage.Average values of the NSD (Nominal Standard Dose) required for irreparable osseous injury ranged from 2,120 rets to 3,200 rets (roentgen equivalent therapeutic) depending on site. The average NSD value for reparable osteopathy was in the range of 1,310 nets.Analysis of iso-effect dose curves indicated varying degrees of dependency on the number of fractions on over-all treatment time for the production of radiation osteitis.Preventive measures such as careful treatment planning, utilization of supervoltage irradiation, and avoidance of trauma and infection are stressed.

Twenty-one patients with mycosis fungoides were given total-body irradiation with 2.5 and 3.5 MeV electrons, using four to six doses of 400 rads each. Prompt symptomatic relief and good long-term control of both ulcerated and nonulcerated lesions were obtained. Regression of lesions between fractions made subsequent treatments more efficient. No untoward immediate or late effects were noted in the irradiated bone marrow or normal skin. A severity scoring system used to evaluate radiation response is described.

Background: To evaluate the risk factor of pneumothorax (PNX) which is the most common complication of CT-guided needle aspiration of the lung, we have examined the frequency of PNX according to the presence of obstructive ventilatory impairment determined by pulmonary function tests. Methods: A comparative study of analysis of forecd expiratory volume and folw-volume curves, and determinations of diffusing capacity taken before procedure were made between each 16 cases with PNX and controls with no PNX. Each of the control group was matched for sex, age, height, and size and depth of lesion with the former. Results: 1) In comparison of vital capacity and parameters derived from forced expiratory volume curve between two groups, VC and FVC were not significantly different, whereas , /FVC%, and FEF25-75% showed a significant decrease in the PNX gorup. Also, in the PNX group, all the observed values of parameters analyzed from flow-volune curve were siginificantly reduced in the PNX group compared with those in the control group. 2) The diffusing capacity tended to decrease along with varying individual differences in the PNX group. 3) Patients who had obstructive ventilatory impairment according to the results of pulmonary function tests experienced a twofold increase in the frequency of PNX and a sixfold increase in the frequency of chest tube drainage for treatment of PNX compared with those whose results were normal. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the exact evaluation of obstructive lung disease determined by pulmonary function test be considered assessing a pastient's risk for PNX in the patients who will take the CT-guided needle aspiration of the lung.

In the treatment of the tuberculosis, the due consideration must be paid for the good knowledge of resistance of the tuberculous bacilli against the antituberculous agents. In this study, we observed the relationship of the emergence of resistance to the length of medication in each antituberculous agent separately, and also evaluation of the reliability of the results of sensitivity test to clinical manifestation has been checked.1) For 56 pulmonary tuberculosis patients, mostly far advanced, and with cavitation have been under the combined chemotherapy for considerable duration, the sensitivity of the SM, PAS and INH of each calculated in the length of its medications. This ablation revealed that a) In early stage of medications, tendency of emergence of resistance is definitively less in PAS compared with those in SM and INH.b) But at last, after months medication all of three agents gained resistance in 100% of cases.2) For the evaluation of reliability test in clinical manifestation, 56 patients divided insensitive and resistant groups, and each group was checked in subjective symptoms and X-Ray findings and tabulated by the scales of improve, no change and deterioration. From this observation, we found that.a) Insensitive group, about 50% improve, 5% deteriorated and 45% no change.b) In resistant group, about 10% improve, 25% deteriorate and 65% no change.

A more practical synthesis of homopteroic and homofolic acids involving condensation of 2,4,5-triamino-6(1H)pyrimidinone (3) with 1-acetoxy-4-[N-acetyl-(p-carbethoxyphenyl)amino]-2-butanone (7) is described. The biological activities of homofolic (1-b) and homopteroic (2-b) acids were compared and found to be identical with the activities of these products prepared by the unambiguous route.

Congenital esophagobronchial fistula presented in adult life is rare and usual1y manifests as recurrent pneumonias or other chronic suppurative complications such as bronciectasis. Most of congenital esophagobronchial fistula can be diagnosed by esophagography and can be cured by fistulectomy and/or resection of destroyed pulmonary lobes. We recently experienced 5 cases (2 female and 3 male patients) of congenital esophagobronchial fistula (all of them were Braimbridge type I). Mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis of esophagobronchial fistula was 53.8 year-old (44-70 year-old) and mean duration of symptoms and complications such as cough after swallowing water, recurrent pneumonias and bronchiectasis was 29 years (12-50 years). 4 patients were treated by fistulectomy and resection of destroyed lobes with abolition of symptoms. So we report 5 cases of congenital esophagobronchial fistula with review of literatures.

INTRODUCTIONNowadays, among the various chemotherapies for the treatment of tuberculosis, oral chemotherapy using INH and PAS is most popular. The clinical effects of combined chemotherapy using lNH-PAS are bridged in this report. As they were already reported at the preceding session of the conference under the title of "Clinical resultsof oral chemotherapy for ambulatory tuberculous patients". This report, therefore, . merely refered to the clinical result of PAS-ZID administered to ambulatory tuberculous .patients in our chest clinic. We compared the clinical result of "PAS-ZID" with the combined chemotherapy of INH-PAS and the report from U. S. Public Health Service, published in ]an. 1954.Before mentioning everything else, we must tell that: 1) The patients we observed were only 10 in all. These are too few to obtain a clinical evaluation of any drugs. 2) The period of administion ext eudiug to six months is too short to survey fully the condition of the chronic tuberculous patients. Consequently, this report ended in the partial observation of ten selected cases. We, also, think it is too early to announce the superiority of "PAS-ZID" in its general effect. One tablet of "PAS-ZID" consists of 0.5gm of PAS and 20 mgm of INH, and it is sugar -coated.SUMMARY1). We treated 10 ambulatory patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with homemade "PA S-ZID" for 24 weeks.2). In the observation of X-ray findings, sputum and body-weight, ’'PAS-ZID" showed almost equal clinical improvement with other contrast groups. As for the frequency of conversion, "PAS-Z1D" showed a little be1.ter res-ult than other groups of oral chemotherapy Under the same condition.3). There were no special disturbances of gastro-intestinal tract which are frequnently met in the course of PAS treatment.4). Cases observed in this report was only 10 Patients and the duration was short. For the through and proper evaluation of the drugs, much more patients and ml1ch longer period of observation are necessary.

An effective nucleon-nucleon potential which reproduces accurately experimental scattering phase shifts up to 400 MeV is presented. It is nonlocal and separable into smooth radial form factors of simple physical interpretation. The interaction acts onS, P andD states and includes effectively central forces as well as other spin-dependent forces.

A realistic separable nucleon-nucleon interaction determined recently has been applied to study the nonlocal effects of nuclear forces in the integrated photoabsorption cross-section. Calculations performed in the electric-dipole approximation and with a Fermi gas nuclear model indicate a good agreement with experimental data in the heavy-nuclei region.

1) The sputum of 50 pulmonary T. B. patients, treated by the various combination of Anti-TB drugs or a long-term , was examined by the sensitivity test at stated periods in order to find the emerging rate of the resistant Tubercle bacilli.2) 17% were resistant to 5mcg/ cc INH, at 6 months-treatment, and 100% where treatment was carried out for more than one year.20% were resistant to10mcg/cc of culture at 6 months, but thereafter, no significant increase of the rate was noticed. The resistance rate to 10mcg/cc SM was notably increased following treatment fot one year. The rates shown in this study are quite similar to those reported by others in Korea and foreign countries.3) lt was felt that accurate information concerning the duration of treatment and the administered dosage prior to a sensitivity test plays an important role in interpreting the results of sensitivity tests.

The interaction between three nucleons is studied on the basis of the covariant Green's function. A three-nucleon potential is derived from the scattering matrix and is characterized by an expansion in number of mesons exchanged. The complete definition of the potential now depends on the knowledge of the basic meson-nucleon interaction amplitudes to which each term of the expansion is connected. With the neglect of pion-pion interactions, the lowest-order potential, which involves the exchange of two quanta, is given in terms of the renormalized coupling constant and the total cross-section for meson-nucleon scattering. It is argued that in low energies and at large distances, the higher terms in the expansion give no appreciable contribution and so the lowest order suffices for most purposes.

Human lung injury caused by the inhalation of nitrogen dioxide() has been reported in occupational situations other than agriculture, including arc welding, production of nitric acid or explosives, and blasting operations. Nitrogen dioxide reacts with the water in the respiratory tract to form nitric acid. The nitrates and nitrites formed from dissociation of nitric acid cause extensive local and systemic tissue damage. We present two cases of acute lung injury due to accidental inhalation of gas in occupational situtions with a review of the literature.

Radiological manifestations of cerebral paragonimiasis with special emphasis on calcified cystic shadows have been presented. Observations are based upon the analysis of our personal materials of eight cases with histopathological verification and upon a review of the cases recorded in the literature. Radiological findings are categorised into three groups. Aggregated calcified cystic shadows are believed to be pathognomonic of cerebral paragonimiasis. Their location in the temporo-occipital region seems to be of diagnostic significance. Repeated failures to fill ventricles in pneumoencephalography indicate the presence of diffuse obliteration of the subarachnoidal space due to arachnoiditis.

Objectives: Canonical vocalization is an important factor in predicting the early speech-language development of children. This study investigated the characteristics of canonical vocalization and phonological development in children aged 13-16 months with cleft palate at 2-3 months following palatal surgery compared to those of children without cleft palate.Methods: Sixteen children with repaired cleft palate and 16 children without cleft palate participated in the study. The frequency and percentage of canonical vocalization, phoneme inventory, and phonological structures were analyzed from all-day recordings at home and compared between children with and without repaired cleft palate. The relationship between canonical vocalization and phonological development was also examined.Results: Children with repaired cleft palate had a lower rate of canonical vocalization and showed restriction in consonant inventories containing canonical vocalization compared to children without cleft palate. They produced nasals predominantly showing restricted production of stops, and they showed significantly smaller high vowel production than children without cleft palate. They also showed restrictions in the diversity and complexity of phonological structures compared to children without cleft palate. All groups had positive correlations between canonical vocalization ratio and phonological development.Conclusion: This study provided understanding about the phonological development of children with cleft palate following palatal surgery and addressed clinical implications for early intervention.

The permeability of in vitro rabbit corneal endothelium to seven radioactive substances of various molecular weights, ranging from chloride (atomic weight 35·5) to dextran B (molecular weight 60,000–90,000), was measured. The permeability varied proportionally with the molecular weight, and linearly with respect to molecular radius. The permeability of the endothelium alone was calculated from data on the permeability of stroma and Descemet's membrane, a preparation identical to that used for endothelial determinations except for the absence of endothelium, and it was found that the endothelium comprises only 40–80% of the total resistance of the stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelial preparation. A newly designed lucite chamber was used and a simple corneal layer removal technique devised. Electron microscopy of completely denuded stroma, and of the separation of endothelium, with or without Descemet's membrane from the stroma showed that such layer removal was complete. The permeability to mannitol of stroma alone and stroma plus Descemet's membrane at high (90%) and near-normal (76%) hydration was identical. The permeability of stroma alone and stroma plus Descemet's membrane to inulin was also equal at any specific hydration, indicating that Descemet's membrane offers no resistance to the passage of these two nonelectrolytes. A significant difference was found between the inulin permeability at high and near-normal stromal hydration (with or without Descemet's membrane) with increased permeability occurring at high hydration. This increased permeability is presumably a reflection of the widening of the collagen interfibrillar distance. At near-normal hydration, the permeability of the denuded stroma alone and stroma plus Descemet's membrane to inulin or mannitol is at least 54% (inulin) to 85% (mannitol) greater than that of the endothelium.

A new form of the two-body potential recently proposed has been investigated for its possible applications in nuclear calculations. This nonsingular force, chosen for its success in fitting scattering phase shifts, saturates nuclear matter at the correct energy and density, and yields small second-order corrections. It can thus be applied with confidence to Hartree-Fock calculations of finite nuclei. We study the closed-shell nuclei16O and40Ca and show that many of their basic properties can be reasonably predicted.

The usage of antituberculous agents in combination with surgical resectional procedures in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis has becoming popular in the past year. However recently it has been a tendency to divert our attention from the pathologic study of the resected specimens to bacteriologic investigation. This was the common findings, in many cases in which antituberculous therapy has been done, that the lesions in resected lung specimens may contain many tubercle bacilli which do not grow on culture or produce disease in guinea pigs. It is of great clinical importance to determine whether this phenomenon is due to natural mechanisms associated with healing or a direct result of antituberculous therapy. l have had the apportunity to study the bacteriology of the lesions from three tuberculous patients who had had no preoperative chemotherapy. Also my present report includes he bacteriologic finding from other cases in which resection was performed after laryillg periods of chemotherapy as well IS experimental bacteriologic procedures which were carried out in connection vith this relation.1. This is to present a report of bacteriologic study for tubercle bacilli 47 surgical specimens from 25 patients.2.The specimens are divided in three groups according to preoperative management.The first group had certain period of chemotherapy continuously prior to surgey; the second group had several Courses of chemotherapy irregularly before surgery; and third had no chemotherapy.3. The non-culturable tubercle bacilli were found in some cases in all of the groups. 4. It may be emphasized that the further correlative studies of the pathologic and bacteriologic manifestations of both treated and untreated tuberculous lesions is nescessary.

The polarization transfer coefficient α t , for neutrons emitted in the forward direction in the charge exchange (p, n) reactions on 2 H, 6 Li and 7 Li target nuclei for incident proton energies of 25–100 MeV has been calculated in the impulse approximation. The energy-dependent and energy-independent nucleon-nucleon phase shifts of Arndt and McGregor and the Yale phase shifts were used. Experimental values of α t , recently obtained at proton energies of 30 and 50 MeV are in disagreement with the results of our calculation based on the Yale phase shifts, but show a preference for the Arndt-McGregor phase shifts.

アルミン酸ナトリウムの二酸化炭素分解によるアルミナ生成の際, 不純物として夾雑されるものがドーソナイトであることが最近知られて来た。著者らはドーソナイトを不純物でなく主成分として純度の高いものを生成させるためその生成条件について検討した。又, X線回折, 電子回折, 赤外吸収スペクトル等によりその化学構造についても究明した。その結果, 生成条件はアルミン酸ナトリウム調製の出発アルミナにより多少異なるが, アルミン酸ナトリウム溶液中のアルカリが中和され, アルミナが過飽和状態にある溶液に HCO3- が多量存在する場合ドーソナイトが生成されることが判った。この条件を満足させるにはアルミン酸ナトリウム溶液の Na2O/Al2O3 モル比が大きいこと, 温度は 50～90℃, 二酸化炭素の吹込み速度が急激であることなどである。ドーソナイトの性状は, 真比重 2.44 で嵩比重は生成条件によって異なり最適条件で生成されたものは 0.21 であった。生成条件, 赤外吸収スペクトルなどにより示性式は NaAlO(OH)HCO3 と推定された。結晶構造は 5.7Å を周期とする繊維状結晶で 5.7Å, 2.8 に非常に強いピークを現わすX線回折図を示す。単位格子は a : 6.71Å, b : 10.411Å, c : 5.58Å で単位結晶は4分子からなり, NaO4(OH)2 と AlO2(OH)4 のややゆがんだ8面体と平面状の CO3 グループから成立し CO3 グループの1個の酸素は水素結合しているものと推定された。

Recent advances in the treatment of tuberculosis especially chemotherapy has brought a considerable change in the concept of this dreadful disease. Before the era of chemotherapy, rest was considered the most important portion of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, since the introduction of effective drugs the value of rest has apparently decreased. Thus it causes less economic burden for the care of tuberculosis individually as well as nationally. It is particularly significant in those areas where sufficient hospital facíllities are not available for all discovered active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This paper is to report the results of investigation on the ambulatory chemotherapy for 676 active pulmonary tuberculosis patients and the clinical effects of various regimens of combined major drugs. Four regimens of chemotherapy have been employed: 1. Streptomycin.PAS 168 patients (25 percent) of total treated patients, 2. Streptomycin-isoniazide 98 patients(14. 6 percent). 3. PAS-isoniazide 380 patients(56 percent) . 4. Twenty-one patients also received triple drug combination treatment in consideration oÍ the seriousness of the disease. The isoniazide alone was nine patients(1. 3 percent).The majority(87 percent) of above patients who have visited the clinic showed moderately or far advanced disease and more than half of the pati ents received chemotherapy regularly or irregular.ly before they visited clinic. A comparative study of different combined regimens as to bacteriological and roentgenological results before and after chemotherapy revealed the best result in the PAS-isoniazide regimen and order of Streptomycin-isoniazide, Streptomycin-PAS-isoniazide and Streptomycin-PAS, the least effecte of all.Since the advancement of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy by the development of SM, PAS and INH, most of the active pulmonary tuberculosis have been almost successfully treated by the combined use of three major drugs, especially by a long-term chemotherapy. However, the application of major drugs which are widely used has a certain limitation of their actions. The emergence of bacterial resistance induced by the long-term chemotherapy increases the number of patients whose therapeutic effect cannot be expected from the use of ordinary drugs. Some of these cases are probably too far progressed to be effective and the others who have become ineffective to these drugs due to inadequate and irregular drug therapy previously. Therefore, new agents which have no cross-resistance with the major drugs and have a stronger bacteriocidal action have been widely sought. Author has already discussed the clincial effects of combined chemotherapy using major drugs in previous chapter. This paper is to report the clinical effects of newer anti-tuberculous agents such as Cycloserine, Nicotinaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, a massive use of isoniazid and a combined th erap y with Steroid hormone in this chapter. The combined therapy of Cycloserine-isoniazid (10 cases), massive isoniazid therapy (10 cases),and Steroid hormone therapy (9 cases) for the relatively advanced chronic pulmonary tuberculosis patients; and the combined therapy of Nicotinaldehyde thiosemicarbazone-isoniazid for ten patients who have no previous chemotherapy have been tried. A clinical study on the effect of these treatments has been made and the following results were obtained. At the end of 6 months Cycloserine-isoniazid combined therapy, 3 cases out of 10 showed negative conversion of sputum and 4 cases showed improvement of the lesions and diminution of cavity size in the X-ray findings. During the course of the treatment, no serious side reactions have been noted and it appears that the combined use of Cycloserine 0.5 gm daily and Isoniazid can be safely employed for the ambulatory patients.

A case of cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis with persistent positive bacilli due to resistant strain was treated successfully with artificial pneumothorax with antituberculosis chemotherapy. Negative conversion of Tubercle bacilli was noticed by four months on sputum smears and by 11 months on sputum cultures after the starting of artificial pneumothorax. The cavitary lesion was collapsed by 13 months. Artificial pneumothorax is one of the collapse therapies of pulmonary tuberculosis which had been used widely in the early 20th century before the era of antituberculosis chemotherapy. Nowadays, this method is almost neglected due to its inferiority in efficacy as compared to chemotherapy and complications. But we recommend considering this method when no other measure is likely to be useful in open cavitary lesion.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung can be divided into low grade and high grade varieties, like their major salivary glands counterparts. This carcinoma comprises only. about 0.5% of all pulmonary neoplasma. Their clinical and biologic behaviors are closely related with histologic grade of carcinoma. We have experienced two cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Case 1 occurred in a 16 years old male and showed the histologic features of low grade type. This carcinoma arised from the right upper lobe bronchus which was removed by the right upper lobectomy. Case 2 occurred in a 41 year old male was the high grade carcinoma located at the distal left main bronchus which was removed by the left pnemonectomy.