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Thomas Percy Hilditch was born at Tollington Park, North Islington, London, on 22 April 1886. His father, Thom as Hilditch and his m other (néePriscilla Hall) came from near Newcastle-under-Lyme, N orth Staffordshire. His paternal grandfather, Jo h n Hilditch, was a shopkeeper and tradesm an in boots and shoes at Audley and his m aternal grandfather, Frederick Hall, was cashier and office m anager at Apedale Colliery, Chesterton, until 1883 when he moved to London to become the London agent of Edwards and Company, Tile M anufacturers, of R uabon in N orth Wales. Hilditch described Frederick H all as successful in his business and a m an of culture and wide reading who before moving to London had organized and conducted am ateur brass and string orchestras in N orth Staffordshire. He played the ’cello and, in his early days, other instruments. Hilditch was always conscious how much he owed to Frederick H all’s example and encouragement. His m other was also musical and played the pianoforte competently. H ilditch’s secondary education began in 1900 at Owen’s School, N orth Islington, an establishment supported by The Worshipful Company of Brewers as Governors. His interest in science was first aroused in his prim ary school by F. R. Guglielmo, an enthusiastic young teacher, but his great debt was to A. E. D unstan who joined the Staff of Owen’s School in January 1901 soon after graduating from the Royal College of Science. D r Dunstan later became Chief Chemist to the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Ltd. At Owen’s School Dunstan took a great interest in those boys who showed an interest in science and a particular aptitude for chemistry. He piloted them skilfully towards the type of university education which seemed best suited to their individual needs. Hilditch records that he, and some of his contemporaries, kept in touch with Dunstan long after they had left school.

The article focuses on Raffaele Mi-nichiello, a criminal from Italy. It informs that he has faced up to 32 years in prison on three charges associated with importing a weapon of war, his M-l carbine, and three counts of assaulting and kidnaping the plane crew and an Italian police official. It is stated that charges against him of importing a weapon of war has been dropped and the Court has reduced his sentence to three years.

It has always seemed strange that rickets was not called Glisson's disease, in place of the English disease or any of the other names which it frequently bears. Certainly there are few monographs on any disease so complete and so thoroughly satisfactory.The main facts of Glisson's life may be briefly stated. He was the second son of William Glisson, and was born at Rampisham in Dorsetshire in 1597. He was sent to Caius College, Cambridge, in 1617, receiving his B. A. in 1621, and his M. A. in 1624; he was incorporated M. A. at Oxford in 1627. Cambridge conferred the degree of M.D. on him in 1634. The next year he was elected a member of the Royal College of Physicians and was made regius professor of physic at Cambridge, which chair he held until his death although he appointed Dr. Brady his deputy professor two years before

The more important criteria for identification of the S form of H. pertussis and for its differentiation from R variants are presented in summary fashion in Table IV. The differences as indicated in detail in the foregoing sections and as shown briefly in this tabulation are so clear-cut that they call for little, if any, further comment. Of all the differential characteristics, the morphological, the serological, and the cataphoretic seem to be the most distinctive, and of these, the cataphoretic, in our hands, has been the most conclusive. It would appear from the foregoing results that all recently isolated strains, provided that they are grown upon suitable media, fall into a single uniform serological type. This is true whether the strains are isolated from cases of whooping cough in Europe or in any part of this country. It is also apparent that when they are subcultured upon laboratory media deficient in fresh blood, dissociation occurs with the appearance of morphologically, culturally, and antigenically different variants. In keeping with the current classification of bacterial variants, we feel that the uniform recently isolated strain should be designated the S form and the laboratory variants the R form of H. pertussis. Whether the R variants fall into sharply defined phases as pointed out by Leslie and Gardner, remains to be confirmed. Lawson and the writer have never noted their "Phase II" and Toomey (21) is in agreement with us that sharply defined, mutually exclusive subvarieties of R variants probably do not exist. We are undertaking further studies of this somewhat mooted point. Dawson, as a result of detailed studies concerned with the dissociation of pneumococci (22) and of streptococci (23) has shown that these organisms have three variant forms and he proposes that the terminology currently employed for pneumococcal variants be changed to conform with the terms used in the description of corresponding variants of other bacterial species. The first form, encapsulated, at present called S, he designates mucoid (M); the second, at present R, he calls smooth (S); and the third, a new and distinct, grossly rough variant which he describes for the first time,l he would call rough (R). Hadley (24) has found that most organisms show these three chief colony forms. From conversation with Dr. Dawson, it seemed that our S which is encapsulated and has a moist mucoid colony has the character of his M form. Whether the subvarieties of R variants (III and IV of Leslie and Gardner, A and B of Mishulow) correspond to his S and R, remains to be seen. For the time being it has seemed more practical to use the terms S and R as generally employed. As we study H. pertussis variants further, it is possible that these three chief colony forms, constituting the usual pattern for other bacterial species, may emerge as well defined types. The finding that H. pertussis when first isolated is a single specific serological type, in S form, and that this antigenic phase may be maintained by suitable cultural management has certain definite implications. One bears upon further transmission experiments directed toward the establishing of the etiological relationship of the organism to whooping cough. Working with monkeys, Sauer (25) produced suggestive manifestations of the disease in 8 out of 76 attempts. It is very probable that his failures may be laid to the use of R forms as inoculum. Criticism directed against the conclusiveness of the occasional successful transmission experiment (Sauer (25), Rich et al. (26), MacDonald and MacDonald (27)) with freshly isolated H. pertussis put forward by those entertaining the combined H. pertussis and filtrable virus theory is being met in the experiments already reported upon (4) and still being carried out in this laboratory, by subculturing the theoretically pathogenic S form long enough to preclude the presence of virus. A second implication of importance related to the preparation of H. pertussis vaccines. Madsen (28), Sauer (29), and Frawley (30), the last worker using Krueger's specially prepared H. pertussis vaccine (31), have recently reported favorably regarding protection against whooping cough by means of suitably prepared vaccines. Sauer following the lead of Madsen insists upon the use of freshly isolated organisms; Krueger's special vaccine is made from similar strains. The ready identification of the S form of H. pertussis and the practicability of its maintenance brought out above puts the preparation of antigenically effective vaccines upon a sound basis. In cooperation with Dr. J. A. Doull of the Department of Hygiene and Bacteriology and Dr. H. J. Gerstenberger of the Department of Pediatrics, we have begun a carefully controlled study of the prophylactic value of H. pertussis vaccines made from organisms shown to be in the S form according to the criteria outlined above. By the same token, the therapeutic value of H. pertussis vaccine in active cases of the disease can be determined only after carefully controlled studies have been carried out with such antigenically effective preparations.

Henry Thomas Tizard was born at Gillingham, Kent, on 23 August 1885. His father, Capt. Thomas Henry Tizard, R.N., G.B., F.R.S., was in the hydrographic service of the Navy, of which, in 1891, he was appointed Assistant Hydrographer. His mother was Mary Elizabeth Churchward. H .T .T . was the only son. He had two older and two younger sisters. His father lived until 1924 and his mother until 1931. O n his father’s side, his grandfather was a ship owner and coal merchant at Weymouth. H .T.T. believed that the Tizards were originally Huguenots, who settled in Weymouth early in the 17th century. He had no record of their activities. On his m other’s side, there is evidence of engineering among his ancestors. His grandfather was a civil engineer, first at Malta Dockyard, and later at Pembroke Dockyard. A relatively remote ancestor (1628-1700) on this side was Sir Paul Rycaut, F.R.S., (elected 1666). Little is known about him. He was an author and traveller. H .T .T . had a good memory, particularly for the events of his early childhood—memories of the dockyard at Chatham, and the building of ships, and of sailors encouraging him to climb a rope ladder up a mast. When his father moved to the Admiralty in 1891, the family lived at Surbiton, and here he went to his first school, ‘Enfield House’, kept by three maiden ladies. The mathematics master, Verey, he described as a magnificent teacher —to whom he owed more than he could tell. Indeed, he attributed much of such success as he had in later life to his grounding in mathematics at this school, where he remained for eight years. Following the tradition of his father’s family, he expected to enter the Navy, but in 1899, when due for the Entrance Examination, he discovered a blind patch in his right eye. A specialist said that it would probably clear, which it eventually did. But the Navy being now out of the question it was decided that he should sit for a Scholarship at Westminster. His good mathematical training at his Preparatory School earned him an Exhibition. He was soon awarded a Scholarship, without which it was apparently unlikely that the family finances would have enabled him to remain at Westminster.

In Megacystisthe periproct?which S. A. Miller always called the moutn?lies between adoral circlets II and III, being bounded by the two posterior facet-bearing plates and the posterior interradial, i.e. 3 of Adorals II, also by 2 or 3 of Adorals III, making 5 of 6 plates in all. The number 5 is the more usual; it occurs in M. aspera. faberi, gorbyi, indianensis, ornatissima, ornata, parcula, parca, perlonga, plena, scitulus,and spangleri, also in British Museum specimens E 7631, ?33, ?35, ?37, ?38, ??39, ?40, ?42, ?44, ?45, ?74, ?76, ?77, E16167, and E 16168 (see our figs. 24, 25, antea). The number 6, due to an additional Adoral III, is found in M. baculus, commoda, splendens, and perhaps gyrinus, also in E7630, ?34, ?36, ??75, and E 16171 (see our figs. 22, 23, 28, 30, antea). This does not seem to be a difference of such constancy as to be relies on for the discrimination of species. It is the sole character distinguishing Miller's M. commodafrom his M. gorbyi, not to mention M. scitulusand M. parva, which may be younger stages of the latter species. Similarly such specimens as E 7631, E 7635, E 7638, and E 7644, each with 5 plates, cannot otherwise be distinguished from E 7636 with 6 plates; while E 7630 and E 7634 with 6 plates are otherwise the same as E 7633, E 7640, E 7642, E 7677, and E 16168, each with 5 plates.

The common charge that the press reports society as if it were a “lawless jungle” does not appear to be substantiated by this analysis of papers studied by the author for his M. A. thesis in journalism at Stanford University. Mr. Cony is now on the news staff of the Portland Oregonian.