Search

Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E. C. 1. 1. 1. 1.) from Thea sinensis seeds (variety: Zairai) was isolated and purified about 1, 500-fold using preparative disc electrophoresis. The specific activity was about 3.4units/mg protein against ethyl alcohol. Its s020. w value was 6.96S and its molecular weight was approximately 150, 000 using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The physical, chemical and catalytic properties of the enzyme are described. The oxidoreduction products formed by the enzyme were identified by gas chromatography, and for the unsaturated compounds the conversion of double bond and geometrical isomerization was observed. The substrate specificity of tea enzyme is discussed in comparison with the enzymes from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and horse and human livers. Paticularly a tendency for reactivity in the oxidoreduction of unsaturated alcohols and aldehydes were discribed by comparing the effects of geometry, the position of the double bond and the length of chain in substrates.

1. Neurosecretory neurones in supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus of cats, anaesthetized with chloralose, and dogs, anaesthetized with Nembutal, were studied. These neurosecretory neurones were identified by action potentials evoked antidromically following stimulation of the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Reactions of 158 such neurones in cats and 228 in dogs were analysed. 2. The latencies of antidromic potentials evoked in neurosecretory neurones by posterior lobe stimulation were between 10 and 22 msec for SON and between 14 and 28 msec for PVN cells. Approximate speed of conduction in the axons was 0·4–0·9 m/sec. The absolute refractory period for the soma-dendritic (SD) spike was 5-10 msec. These cells followed repetitive stimulation up to a rate of 100/sec. A notch was generally present on the rising phase of antidromic potentials and when the antidromically conducted signal fell in the relative refractory period of the preceding response, a complete separation between this first small A-spike and later large B-spikes, probably soma-dendritic spike, frequently occurred. Thus, two responses, a small and a large, sometimes appeared with more than 10 msec intervening. When the second antidromic response fell in the absolute refractory period of the first, the B-spike was blocked and only the A-spike appeared. 3. Intracellular recordings from neurosecretory cells, mainly from SON in the dog, showed that these neurones possess resting membrane potentials of 50–80 mV, and action potentials of the same magnitude. In spontaneously firing neurosecretory cells separate A- and B-spikes also occurred and could be recorded intracellularly. 4. Neurosecretory cells were excited by current injected intracellularly through a micro-electrode. The rheobase was 1-10 nA. A low intensity of stimulation only induced a small A-spike, but as the current was increased the full sized spike was evoked. Application of suprathreshold depolarizing current produced repetitive discharges. The intervals between spikes shortened with an increase in applied current intensity. 5. There were a few neurones excited by stimulation of the posterior pituitary whose potentials did not meet the adopted criteria of antidromic potentials. These units were not classified as neurosecretory cells. The characteristics of cells giving the atypical ‘antidromic potentials’ were: the neurones discharged repetitively to antidromic stimulation, but with fluctuating and very long latencies. 6. Neurosecretory cells in both SON and PVN were orthodromically excited by single pulse stimulations of the septal area, mid-brain reticular formation (RF), central gray, anterior commissure and hippocampus. The orthodromic responses generally consisted of two to three spikes with latencies of 10–30 msec. Excitation was followed by an inhibition, of ‘spontaneous’ discharges as well as of subsequent antidromic excitation, lasting 100–500 msec. Intracellular recordings from neurosecretory cells showed that stimulations of the septal area and RF produced action potentials or EPSPs of short duration followed by long lasting IPSPs. Hyperpolarization was always longer than the preceding EPSP, and its duration was generally 80 msec. Large IPSPs of 20 mV could be recorded occasionally. 7. Antidromic excitation of neurosecretory cells by stimulation of the posterior pituitary was followed by the inhibition of ‘spontaneous’ discharges of the cells. This inhibition usually lasted for 100 msec. A corresponding IPSP was recorded during this inhibitory phase. These findings indicate the existence of recurrent collaterals in neurosecretory cells. 8. This conclusion that recurrent collaterals exist was also supported by other evidence, namely, that certain neurones were found in the SON and PVN which responded to a single pulse antidromic stimulation of the posterior pituitary with five to seven discharges at a rate of between 500 and 800/sec. Weaker stimuli produced fewer spikes. Such cells resembled in their behaviour ‘Renshaw cells’ of the spinal cord. RF stimulation had an inhibitory effect on some of these neurones and an excitatory effect on others. 9. Neurosecretory cells in the SON and PVN were excited by osmotic stimulation. Other neurones in close proximity were also found to be osmosensitive but they were either interneurones or neurosecretory cells whose axons ended in areas other than the posterior pituitary since they were not antidromically excitable.

When homosulf amine was used through root canal therapy, it has been known that the germicidal effect was reduced by anti-agents produced in the root canals. Among these anti-agents were necrotic tissues, pus, secretion and blood etc. In this experiment, therefore, it was tested how these unfavorable agents worked in vitro upon the germicidall effect of this medicine.The chief results of this research are as follows:1) Without anti-agents, the local use of 5% homosulfamine solution would be considered most effective in vitro.2) By consideration of the time of 50% LD. of all amount of bacteria, the effect of 20% homosulfamine solution was remarkably reduced by pus only to show that of 5% solution.3) 5% Homosulfamine solution was reduced by secretion or gelatine to 1.25% solution in the effect.4) No change caused by serum was observed.5) By using urea with homosulfamine, the reduction of the effect by pus could be abated.

Cl - L 23 absorption spectra of alkali chlorides have been obtained at 80°K with a 2 m grazing incidence spectrograph. Synchrotron radiation emitted from a 1.3 GeV electron synchrotron at INS ∗ has been used as a continuum background. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of X-ray exciton, electronic band structure, and two electron excitation.

The appearance-distribution of heavy rainfalls (above 50 mm per day) in the region of Pacific Ocean side of Tohoku district is analysed synoptic-climatologically. The main results obtained are as follows;1) The heavy rainfalls in warm season tend to appear in the eastern (coastal) region of Tohoku district. This tendency is more obvious as the maximum amount in rainfall-area is larger.2) The heavy rainfalls in the western and central regions are mianly due to the front, thunderstorm and northwesterly monsoon. On the other hand, those in the eastern (coastal) region are mainly due to the typhoons and subtropical cyclones. Regarding the latter, almost every case (80-90%) having the maximum rainfall-amount more than 100 mm per day is due to the typhoon or subtropical cyclone.3) The larger the daily mean sea-level pressure difference (Δp) between Nemuro and Choshi, the more frequently thd heavy rainfalls (above 100 mm per day) appear in the eastern region.4) The fact mentioned in 2) is more obvious in the eastern (coastal) region when positive Δp is larger, and in the western and central regions when negative Δp is larger.5) The annual variation of frequency of heavy rainfalls in an area with the size of a prefecture corresponds to that of precipitable water. This relation, however, is not obvious in smaller regions covering a half or one third of a prefecture, because the heavy rainfall areas are dislocated according to synoptic condition specially in summer and in winter.

資料

Single motoneurons and axons in the spinal cord of the cat anesthetized with Nembutal, Ravonal and ether were stimulated directly by linearly increasing and steady state currents applied through a microelectrode. Factors were studied which concern to the excitability of the motoneurons in due consideration of the role of miniature potential changes.1. Motoneurons were classified into two types according to the difference of the threshold-latency curve. In light anesthesia, however, almost all motoneurons was found to be the tonic type. This suggests that tonic and phasic classification could not apply to the motoneurons and to the muscles corresponding each other.2. A great number of motoneurons showed drifting of threshold in a wide range without sizable changes in the membrane potential. The value of threshold current intensity distributed in an area that was enclosed by three lines, which designated the IS and the SD threshold current intensity, and the minimal gradient of the initial segment.3. Evidence was given that spikes fired from the top of the spontaneous mini. EPSPs of 2 mV height superimposed upon the gentle slope of the currents and never fired in the absence of the miniature potentials even though the depolarization reached more than the rheobase.4. A current simulated of miniature potentials which was superimposed on a linearly increasing current converted a phasic type motoneuron into a tonic type with approximately a half of the former threshold current.5. The motoneuron that had not fired with simple stretch of the gastrocnemius nor with trapezoid currents, discharged by simultaneous application of the stretch and currents accompanying enhanced miniature potentials without sizable changes in the membrane potential.6. In light anesthesia, the mini. EPSPs increased in size by accompanying the local responses and triggered the spikes, but not increased in deep anesthesia. The rebound from the mini. IPSPs also seemed to concern to this triggering action.7. Administration of ether brought about a change in accommodation of motoneurons and disclosed minimal gradient requirement without changing the membrane potential, the spike height and the threshold current intensity for firing.8. The miniature potentials enhanced strikingly by administration of succynil choline chloride were found to show the same action in triggering of the spikes as the miniature potentials produced by natural stimuli.9. The rheobase of the motoneurons was of the order of 10-9 A in light anesthesia and 10-8 A in deep anesthesia. In such deep anesthesia, there was no change in the accommodation of the initial segment, but remarkable changes were observed in the accommodation of the soma. The recovery process from the anesthesia started in the order from the initial segment to the soma.10. The axon in the spinal cord of cats showed the minimal current gradient requirement to linearly increasing currents, but the accommodation of the axon did not show a serious change in deep anesthesia, in spite of that the threshold current intensity to a rectangular current was increased from the order of 10-9 A to 10-8 A.

The areas where heavy-rainfalls most frequently occur are the coastal regions of Fukushima and Iwate Prefectures in the Pacific Ocean side of Tohoku District.In these areas, the following two synoptic-climatological characteristics are clarified:1) The points where the maximum rainfall amount is frequently observed do not correspond to the topographic gradient when the easterly air current is most prevailing.2) Under the northeasterly prevailing air current, the heavier rainfall in the coastal region is at the colder temperature of the current.About the heavy rainfall in the coastal region, hitherto, such ideas were proposed as the secondary orographic rainfall, the orographic rainfall or the effect of coast on precipitation. These ideas were based upon the heavy rainfalls or convective clouds generated in coastal region. However, the author would like to propose the following idea as the foundation of the coastal heavy rainfall. The comparison between the air temperature at the coast and the sea surface temperatures at the coast and off the coast under the northeasterly prevailing air current show that the cool air mass drifted by the northeasterly air current is heated from the sea and therefore convective clouds are generated in the air mass. On the other hand, as the heat supply is cut off on land, convective clouds are dissipated in the coastal region. Then the most rainfall amount on the land is concentrated along the coastal line.

The reflectivity spectra of NaNO 3 single crystal have been measured in the region from 4 to 12 eV with polarized light normally incident upon the cleaved surface (10\bar11). Two principal dielectric constants, \(\hat{\varepsilon}_{\text{o}}\) and \(\hat{\varepsilon}_{\text{e}}\), have been derived from the spectra with the application of the Kramers-Kronig relation and the equation of dielectric ellipsoid for uniaxial crystals. The profile of the absorption spectrum derived from the reflectivity is in good agreement with the absorption spectrum of thin films, particularly with respect to the bands at about 6 eV and 10.5 eV. It is found that the 6 eV band is active to light polarized perpendicularly to the c axis and the oscillator strength of the band is 0.4 9 per NO 3 - molecule. These facts support the previous assignment that the absorption is due to π 2 →π * ( A 1 '→ E ') in NO 3 - . The 10.5 eV band is found to be active to light polarized perpendicularly to the c axis, and is assigned to the electr...

那須および草津のいくつかの温泉について, 放射化分析法により, ランタン, サマリウム, ユーロピウム, スカンジウムを定量した。1～2lの温泉水から得られる混合酸化物をJRR―1原子炉で5時間中性子照射したのち, 全希土類元素の部分を化学的に分離し, シングルチャンネルγ線スペクトロメーターで放射能を測定した。定量に供した5泉における各元素の存在量はランタン1.2～5.7μg/l, サマリウム0.8～2.6μg/l, ユーロピウム0.2～0.6μg/l, スカンジウム0.5～3.3μg/lであった。また那須温泉元湯について, 温泉水と温泉沈殿物の間におけるこれらの元素の分配についてしらベた。

資料

Vacuum ultraviolet absorption in alkali-nitrites (NaNO 2 and KNO 2 ) and alkali-nitrates (LiNO 3 , NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , RbNO 3 and CsNO 3 ) has been investigated in the region from 5 to 23 eV at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Two types of absorption bands are observed for each of these salts with polyatomic anions. One of them appears at about 6 eV and is relatively insensitive to the change of temperature and cation partners, while the other which appears in the region from 8 to 12 eV is quite sensitive. The bands of the former type are assigned to electronic transitions in the anions and those of the latter type to some transitions corresponding to electron transfer from anion to cation.

The structure of the giant resonance in 28 Si has been studied using monochromatic gamma-rays ( Δ E γ / E γ ≈1%) from proton capture reactions. A silicon solid-state detector served both as target and detector. Total cross sections for the 28 Si (γ, p 0 ), (γ, p 1 ), (γ, p 2 ), (γ, α 0 ) and (γ, α 1 ) reactions were obtained from 17.4 to 22.3 MeV and the integrated cross sections were 34.4, 18.9, 17.6, 1.6 and 2.7 mb·MeV, respectively. The excitation functions of proton emission showed many discernible fine structures. Most of the peaks of the cross sections for different exit channels occurred at the same gamma-ray energy and the number of resonance states involved in a peak seems to be a few. The (γ, α 0 )-reaction excitation functions revealed several humps which are possibly caused by an E 1 absorption. Isotopic-spin selection rule seems no longer to be valid for the present (γ, α 0 ) reaction. Comparisons were made with the calculated absorption probability from the Nilsson model.

Absorption spectra of thin films of KCl and RbCl are studied at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures in the region between 10 and 35 eV. Synchrotron orbital radiation was used as the continuum light source. In each of the spectra a multiplet band with a complicated structure is found, some peaks of which are assigned to the core exciton bands, and the separations between the peaks are interpreted by taking account of both the spin-orbit interaction and the electron-hole exchange interaction.

The reflection spectra of calcite single crystal have been measured in the region 5-12 eV with polarized light normally incident upon the cleaved surface (10\bar11). The principal dielectric constants are determined from the spectra using Fresnel's equation as well as the Kramers-Kronig relation. For the ordinary ray, a strong absorption band is found around 8 eV in the e 2 spectrum, whereas almost no absorption below 9 eV for the extraordinary ray. From the temperature dependence of the spectra this dichroic absorption band is attributed to the intramolecular dipole transition A 1 '→ E ' in the planar CO 3 - radical. It is concluded that the high birefringence in the transparent region (

Absorption spectra of thin films of all rubidium halides are investigated at room an liquid nitrogen temperatures in the energy range 12-30 eV. Synchrotron orbital radiation at INS-Tokyo was used as a continuum light source. Several sharp peaks are found in the range 16-19 eV. When samples are cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature, two of them shift towards high energy, while three of them towards low energy. The former are attributed to the excitons composed of Rb+4 p hole and the s -like electron, while the latter are attributed to those composed of Rb+4 p hole and the d -like electron. The multiplicity of the exciton peaks is discussed in terms of the band model and the atomic model.