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Pot and field experiments were conducted on alkaline calcareous soils of Pakistan to determine the effect of premixing superphosphate (SUP) with farmyard manure (FYM) on the fraction of plant phosphorus derived from the 30P labelled SUP (y value). Premixing (SUP with FYM) before their addition to soil, markedly increased the uptake of SUP-P by plants. The premixed treatment also increased crop yield on phosphorus deficient soli. Optimum quantity of FYM required was twice that of SUP. Higher quantities of FYM had no additional effect on phosphorus availability from SUP. The possible mechanism of this effect and the implications of these observations in phosphorus nutrition of plants have been discussed.

The effect of three levels of soil moisture on growth and response of white clover in pots to applied phosphorus was studied with soils of low and high phosphorus status. On both soils highest yields were obtained at the highest level of moisture, maintained by daily watering until leaching occurred. Maintenance of the pots at a soil moisture level of estimated ‘field capacity’ resulted in lower yields at all rates of applied phosphorus. The differences between yields due to watering treatments were greatest at the nil and low rates of applied phosphorus on the soil of high phosphorus status, and at the high rates of applied phosphorus on the soil of low phosphorus status. The leaching method of watering resulted in responses to phosphorus in the pots similar to those expected in the field on both soils. It also produced the highest phosphorus content in the plants on both soils and prevented the accumulation of soluble salts on the surface of the pots, although not completely on one of the soils.

A new class of phosphorus-containing polyols that are prepared as residue products directly from elemental phosphorus can be effectively used as cellulosic flame retardants. Long-term laundry durability has been observed through the use of appropriate binder systems and typical textile finishing techniques, even in the case of low-level polyester-cotton blends. The high phosphorus content and ease of synthesis of the phosphorus polyols offer the possibility of a novel approach to developing low-cost textile flame retardants.

Coefficient of friction of commerical grades of polycrystalline graphites against deoxidized high phosphorus copper has been measured in an inert atmosphere at 10−5 mm Hg pressure. Graphites with large particles have a coefficient of friction of 0·48 at room temperature and of 0·35 at about 1000°C. Finer particle sized graphites have a lower value of coefficient of friction. Graphitization at a high temperature also lowers the coefficient. The results support the roller mechanism of graphite friction.

Summary The flora, vegetation, and soils of the two smallest Mercury Islands are described. These islands are lacking in land mammals and the vegetation, although not necessarily unaltered by Polynesians, appears to have been little disturbed for a considerable length of time. The very high phosphorus levels found in the soils arc attributed to the large numbers of burrowing petrels present. Stands of milk tree (Paratrophis banksii) on Middle Island appear to be unique and there are several other unusual features of the vegetation and soils that are not understood. The importance of these islands as places to study the dynamics of coastal vegetation in the absence of rats is stressed.

High manganese slags of low phosphorus and iron content are produced by air oxidation of high phosphorus spiegeleisen in a basic-lined converter. Control of phosphorus and iron within specification limits for ferromanganese ore feed is obtained by a unique cyclic operating procedure. Various types of slags, or synthetic manganese ore, can be made.

The influence of different metallurgical conditions on the lining wear in the Kaldo process when refining high phosphorus iron has been systematically investigated revealing the following main features

As outlined in Chapters 1 and 2, it is difficult to incorporate phosphorus into linear polymers by (co)polymerization or (c0)polycondensation. Only in rare cases is it possible to obtain products of high phosphorus content, high molecular weight, satisfactory mechanical properties, and satisfactory hydrolytical stability. Therefore, it is natural that the subsequent incorporation of phosphorus into commercial polymers has also been investigated. The macromolecular character of these products remains unaffected as long as no degradationof the main chain occurs. The phosphorus is always found in the side groups. The problem inherent in the subsequent introduction of phosphorus is the fact that there are only a few suitable phosphorylation reactions. Phosphorylation should be simple to carry out and should proceed rapidly even with insoluble polymers to give high yields; the incorporated phosphorus should be linked to the polymers by a stable bond, preferably a P-C bond, but above all the phosphoryl...

The wcstcrn basin of Lake Eric is supplied with phosphate phosphorus by the Maumee River in Ohio. This is apparently the most important source for the lake due to the high phosphorus concentrations involved and the large volume of flow in the spring months. The phosphorus content of the river is affcctcd by stream flow, local tempcraturc, and effluent from the City of Toledo. The addition of phosphate phosphorus to Lake Erie by the Maumce River amounted to over 96 metric tons from June 1945 to May 1946. If the addition bv the City of Toledo is included the total amount came to at least 125 metric tons

A relationship between the intracellular concentration ratios [K+]/[Na+] and [Mg++]/[Ca++] has been found in a variety of cells and organelles. High values of the ratios are also associated with high phosphorus content of the cells. Reasons for the high internal K+ and Mg++ are given in terms of the different coordination chemistry of the four cations and the way in which the concentration ratios might be connected to energy-driven transport then follows. The high external Ca++ is utilized in stabilizing cell walls and in initiating extracellular reactions. Knowledge of eight variables, the concentrations of all four ions both inside and outside cells, is important in an understanding of electrolyte balance.

Summary 1. Wessex Saddleback pigs were successfully fattened on a diet containing 20 per cent. of dried brewer's yeast. The ratio of food consumed to gain in bodyweight for the whole fattening period was 3-97 : 1 (group-fed basis). Carcase quality was satisfactory, palatability was excellent, and there was no evidence of any injurious effect upon the animals themselves. It would therefore appear that, providing care be taken to balance its high phosphorus content, yeast may with safety be fed in large amounts to young pigs. 2. Control animals receiving a diet containing 16 per cent. of fishmeal were likewise fattened with good results. After a short “finishing period ” on a 20 per cent. yeast diet there was no trace of taint in the carcase. The ratio of food consumed to gain in bodyweight (from commencement of experiment to finishing period) was 3-79 : 1, indicating that at these levels there was little difference between the yeast and fishmeal as protein concentrates.

The differing responses of 'Lincoln' and 'Chief' soybean varieties to high levels of phosphorus in nutrient solution culture were described by Howell (3). Chief, now called a tolerant variety, responded favorably to phosphorus concentrations as high as 3.62 mm, whereas Lincoln, a sensitive variety, was adversely affected by concentrations of 1.61 mm or higher. Total phosphorus in mature Chief plants increased with increasing phosphorus in the nutrient solution throughout the entire range studied, while in Lincoln plants it increased only up to nutrient solution concentrations of 0.72 mm and then decreased greatly because of reduced growth caused by phosphorus toxicity. Symptoms of phosphorus injury appear on the cotyledons and leaves of sensitive plants within 3 days to a week after start of treatment, depending on experimental conditions and the age of the plants. The objectives of the present study were to (1) compare uptake and translocation of phosphorus by sensitive and tolerant varieties; (2) relate sensitivity to phosphorus content of the tissues; and (3) determine the relative importance of roots and tops in the response to high phosphorus.

TOTAL phosphorus levels of 0.60 and 0.70 percent have been reported to depress egg production when hens were maintained on litter (Singsen et al., 1962). However, these workers found that increasing the phosphorus level from 0.5 to 0.6 percent improved performance of laying hens maintained on wire. Levels in excess of 0.6 percent were not fed to birds on wire, therefore, it was not possible to determine a tolerance level for these birds. Crowley et al. (1963) reported that increasing the phosphorus level of the diet from 0.569 to 0.675 percent resulted in an improvement in performance of caged layers. These workers did not feed higher levels, therefore, they could not determine a tolerance level. Harms et al. (1961) reported an improvement in performance of hens maintained in cages by increasing the phosphorus level from 0.54 to 0.59 percent. However, a similar increase of phosphorus in the diet of hens…

Recently Hess1 suggested that the effect of viosterol in raising the serum calcium level was through the parathyroids. This suggestion was based on his observations that in monkeys and dogs fed large doses of viosterol the serum calcium level frequently rose to 13-16 mg. %. After thyroparathyroidectomy, however, large doses of viosterol failed to raise the calcium above the tetanic level. Greenwald2 reports similar observations with cod liver oil and irradiated ergosterol. On the other hand, Jones,3 Brougher,4 Urechia and Popovicius5 report that antirachitic agents, when given in large doses, are able to raise the serum calcium level and ameliorate the tetanic symptoms in thyroparathyroidectomized animals. The diets in these experiments are either not mentioned or are of an inconstant composition. Greenwald's diets were usually of the high phosphorus and low calcium type, and he attributes the beneficial results of vitamin D in one of his animals to an accidental mixture of calcium in the infusorial earth...

Notice was received that the XM570 (BMC) will be the contractual round. Cylinders were made from high carbon, high phosphorus steel bar. These and cylinders from W1 tool steel were sent to a subcontractor for heat treatment. 52100 steel cylinders were heat treated to replace items inadequately heat treated during November 1965. Metallurgical tests continued. Difficulties encountered in sectioning very hard cylinders prompted a search for better cutting techniques. (Author)

In Hordeum vulgare, phosphorus retranslocation was studied after it had been supplied to the roots for three days (experiment 1), and after foliar application (experiments 3-8). Phosphorus uptake by leaves of different ages was also measured 16 and 60 minutes after (32)P addition to the medium (experiment 2).In experiment 1, treatments at 0.6 and 31 p.p.m. of phosphorus were applied when the first leaf had completed its rapid growth. The plants were then grown for three days in media labelled with (32)P, and for a subsequent 10 days in non-labelled solutions. Retranslocation was measured by changes in total phosphorus and in (32)P.Both root feeding, and foliar application of (32)P, demonstrated three phases during leaf development: import (recently initiated leaf), export (mature leaf) and an intermediate phase with both export and import (leaf half developed).There was large transport of foliar applied (32)P, from mature leaves to roots, and some of this (32)P was re-exported to the shoots, including the mature leaves. Root feeding of (32)P over short periods strongly suggested that phosphorus uptake by the shoots occurred via the xylem, even at low phosphorus.In experiment 1, there were distinct treatment differences in relative growth rates, growth of young organs and roots, and in phosphorus concentrations of all but the very young leaves. Mature leaves showed a large net phosphorus export at low phosphorus, but a large net import at high phosphorus. This was not due to treatment differences in export, because total export from the mature leaves was even somewhat smaller at low than at high phosphorus. The treatment differences, with net export at low but net import at high phosphorus, were thus due to the higher import in the mature leaves at high phosphorus. Total export remained at a high level throughout the experiment at high phosphorus, while it declined with time at low phosphorus.For phosphorus absorbed during early growth, both the export from the mature leaves, and the intake by the developing leaves, was independent of phosphorus treatment; i.e. for each individual organ the quantities of phosphorus involved were the same in the two phosphorus treatments. Thus, the higher phosphorus contents of developing organs at high phosphorus were obtained from phosphorus supplied to the roots during later growth, and not from phosphorus supplied during early growth of the whole plant.The data are consistent with the notion that phosphorus export is controlled in the source. It is suggested that at high phosphorus this control is due to a saturation of the sites transporting phosphorus into the phloem. At low phosphorus, on the other hand, release from individual leaf cells might have been the dominating factor.

Analysis of phosphorus content of three “hearth” samples and two control samples does not support the claim that the Texas Street “hearths” are the result of man's activity. In fact, the absence of high phosphorus content of the “hearths” is considered to be strong evidence that the site was not occupied by man.

THREE years ago, a method was described which yielded pure preparations of a Coli bacteriophage of large particle size (WLL) in weighable quantities1. The high phosphorus content (3.7 per cent) of these preparations and their high affinity for basic dyes suggested—in connexion with other analytical results—that the chief constituent of the particles was of tiucleoproteid nature2.

Infantile tetany has been recognized as a clinical entity for many years, but Howland and Marriott 1 in 1918 were the first to describe its characteristic blood chemistry. They showed that the calcium content of the serum was greatly reduced in the active stages of tetany. Kramer, Tisdall and Howland 2 found that electrical reactions typical of tetany (the cathodal opening contraction less than 5 milliamperes and the anodal opening contraction less than the anodal closing contraction) were present when the calcium content of the serum was less than 7.5 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters. Little attention has been paid to the inorganic phosphorus content of the serum in tetany, as that has generally been reported to be at or slightly below the normal level. Thus in 1921 Kramer, Tisdall and Howland 2 reported normal values in seven cases of infantile tetany. Hess 3 and his co-workers in 1923 determined

An abnormal phosphorus metabolism in leukemia has been recognized for over a quarter of a century, and yet very few observations are recorded in the literature relative to the phosphorus content of the blood in this type of disease. Moraczewski1in 1898 called leukemia, rather loosely, a "phosphorus and nitrogen disease" and reported not only an increased urinary excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen, but also an abnormally high phosphorus content of the blood. Though numerous studies since then, such as those of Musser and Edsall2and Knudson and Erdos,3have clearly demonstrated the excessive output of phosphorus in the urine, there seems to be no report of any systematic investigations of the blood phosphorus in chronic myelogenous leukemia entailing an intensive study of cases over a considerable period of time. This is presumably due to the fact that it is but recently that relatively simple methods have become available for

GENERAL STATEMENT. The idea that the body may become poisoned by acid humors dates from the legendary days of medicine, but the conception of an intoxication referable to acid products of metabolism is a result of the rigid application of chemical laws to physiologic processes. The theory of acid intoxication in its current form attributes to the acid action of principles arising from processes of metabolism a definite symptom-complex, occurring chiefly in diabetes, but seen in less striking form in many other diseases. For carnivorous animals it is easy to name the sources of such acid products of metabolism. They are found in the high phosphorus and sulphur content of the protein molecule, which, on oxidation, yields phosphoric and sulphuric acids. They appear in the long series of fatty acids which form the combustion-products of the fats. They arise also in the series of changes in carbohydrates from glycogen through

To the Editor:— The article by Margolis and Krause (The Journal, March 25, p. 1131) raises an important point that is not generally accorded sufficient recognition. Despite the frequent demonstration of the importance of phosphorus in tetany, little attention is paid to this element in the dietary management of clinical parathyroid tetany. Shelling and Goodman (The Journal, March 3, 1934, p. 669) pointed out that neglect of this factor may account for the occasional refractoriness of such patients to treatment with calcium and solution of parathyroid. There are several observations supporting the view that a relatively high phosphorus intake tends to exaggerate the metabolic defect characteristic of the hypoparathyroid state (Albright, Bauer, Claflin and Cockrill:J. Clin. Investigation11:411 [March] 1932. Robbins and Kydd,ibid.14:220 [March] 1935. Allardyce:Am. J. Physiol.98:417 [Oct.] 1931). The fact is too frequently overlooked that milk, which is usually administered in