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Friedewald’s formula is the most frequently used formula for the calculation of serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol from serum total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Most laboratories use serum triacylglycerol concentration of 400 mg/dl as upper cut-off limit for the calculation of LDL cholesterol, but a combination of serum triacylglycerol to total cholesterol ratio and serum triacylglycerol may have more advantages than serum triacylglycerol concentration alone to use Friedewald’s formula effectively. The aim of this study was to determine the upper cut-off limit of serum triacylglycerol concentration and serum triacylglycerol to total cholesterol ratio to calculate LDL cholesterol using Friedewald’s formula in Bangladeshi population. Serum total cholesterol, serum triacylglycerol, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol were measured by direct method on 644 sera obtained from adult Bangladeshi study subjects after 12 hours of fasting. Serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also calculated by using Friedewald formula. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol obtained by Friedewald’s formula in this study was compared with that obtained by direct method in different level of triacylglycerol and also in different triacylglycerol to total cholesterol ratio. Friedewald’s formula underestimates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol when serum triacylglycerol concentration >300 mg/dL. But when direct serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was compared with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol calculated using Friedewald’s formula up to serum triacylglycerol to total cholesterol ratio of 2, underestimation subsides, and the serum triacylglycerol level up to 700 mg/dl could be confidently included for the calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by Friedewald’s formula. Friedewald’s calculation formula can be confidently used up to serum triacylglycerol concentration of 700 mg/dl in Bangladeshi population, provided the serum triacylglycerol to total cholesterol ratio is two or less. Key Words: Friedewald Formula; Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

This study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu Hospital from December 2007 to February 2008 and was based on primary data on knowledge and practice of 400 mothers of neonates attending the hospital. More than 50% of the mothers had appropriate knowledge on feeding, hand washing, care of eye and umbilicus and they were practicing as well. Less than 50% of the mothers had an appropriate knowledge on raising neonates, shaving hair, bathing, vaccination, oil massaging and their practice rates also did commensurate with their knowledge level. It may be concluded that half of the interviewed mothers had an inadequate knowledge and adopted inappropriate practices in the care of their neonates. Strong steps should be taken to improve the level of knowledge and change attitudes for providing healthy practices of mothers in the care of their children. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2009; 3(2): 59-62 DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v3i2.4218

Introduction: Meconium staining amniotic fluid is associated with lots of adverse outcome and has long been considered to be a bad predictor of fetal outcome. Objective: This prospective observational study was undertaken to find out immediate fetal outcome in meconium stained liquor. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Dhaka National Medical Collage Hospital from July to December 2008. The pregnant women with yellow, brown and thinly stained amniotic fluid in labour with gestational age 37 completed weeks were enrolled in the study. Their babies were taken as case and followed upto 7 days after delivery in National Medical Collage Hospital and in Dhaka Shishu Hospital after admission when required. Babies born without meconium stained liquor were taken as a control. Results: Total 80 cases were enrolled in the study as case and 80 cases were enrolled as control. Mean gestational age was 39.3±1.5 weeks in cases and 38.5±1.3 weeks in control. There was 13.8% pregnancy induced hypertension in case group and 3.8% in control group. Pre-eclampsia were present 10% in case group and 1.1% in control group (p

Systematic approaches on the material selection for rickshaw frames were applied by cost per unit and weighted property method using modified digital logic. Ashby's material selection charts were used for preliminary material selection and relative cost analysis. Physical and mechanical properties and the main failure parameters were identified in the frames. Fatigue, associated with corrosion and impact load were identified as the causes of failure for the rickshaw frames. Stress analysis on the frame system was done and for the preliminary selection of materials, the constraints were identified through mathematical models. Magnesium alloy, Titanium alloy, Steel, Aluminum alloy, CFRP, KFRP and GFRP came out from the initial selection. Among the preliminary selected materials, CFRP attained the highest performance index. However, commonly used steel was found to be the optimum for rickshaw frames in terms of figure of merit followed by aluminum alloy and KFRP. Key words: Material selection; Rickshaw frame; Weighted property; Digital logic; Failure analysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9584 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 415-424