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Because spatial environment plays an important role in regulating human behavior, the environmental conditions of room size, furniture arrangement and interpersonal distance were systematically varied and studied with 54 male undergraduates for their ability to influence the verbal operant conditioning of positive affective self-reference statements. Two separate studies conducted in disparate geographical locations provided evidence confirming the importance of environmental features in the conditioning process. Findings suggest that room size is of prime consideration, with larger rooms enhancing the conditioning process while smaller rooms tend to inhibit it. Evidence was also found for the transfer of conditioning to certain paralinguistic features of the subjects' behavior. (Author/CJ)

The major purpose of this project was to measure the effect of physical-spatial environment and personality on the conditionability of positive affective self-reference statements within a quasi-counseling interview. Two related studies were conducted: Study One--University of Bridgeport; Study Two--University of Massachusetts. Eighteen male undergraduate subjects were utilized in Study One to measure the effect of room size, personality (Factor L, 16PF) and distance interaction on conditioning. The design employed in Study One was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial analysis of variance with repeated measures on two factors. Fifty-four male undergraduate subjects were utilized in Study Two to measure the effect of room size, personality (Factor L, 16PF) and furniture arrangement on conditioning. The design of Study Two consisted of a 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 mixed factorial analysis of variance. The results indicated that spatial environments do significantly effect the conditionability of positive effective self-reference statements. It was particularly noteworthy that in both studies it was found that room size had a significant effect in altering the conditioning of verbal responses. Implications for counseling and counselor training are discussed. (Author)

This report presents a synthesis of John Dewey's concepts of man-to-man speech-communication located in numerous speeches and in other relevant Dewey writings. The communication theories are formulated in a verbal model and related to college level speech-communication education. Dewey's views of communication as cooperative, communal phenomena are examined in a nine-aspect transactional model. His writings reflect concern for the notion of community and democratic processes. The author notes that Dewey's model provides a unique hypothesis for speech educators and researchers which should be applied in transactional classroom situations and tested for empirical significance. A list of texts and references used are included. (RL)

This study assessed the validity of the Pain Apperception Test (PAT) against an accepted and validated predictive measure of pain tolerance, a Kinesthetic After Effects Task (KAE). As well, it replicated an earlier finding by Petrovich that suggested that scores derived from the PAT are related significantly to neuroticism. (Author/RK)

Power of counseling research is discussed with respect to alpha levels, sample size, and size of effect. Four years of counselor education research are reviewed and analyzed according to the criteria of statistical power. Recommendations for increasing the power of research in counselor education are made. (Author)

The paradigm was utilized to train professionals in the skills of attending behavior, expression of feeling, and reflection of feeling. Results showed that all trainees evidence significant learning of all three behavioral skills in a short period of time. Significant pre to post treatment differences occurred on all criterion measures. (Author)

An examination of the educational value of allowing students to produce their own short films. (AA)

Male and female students were given either a personal or an academic set and asked to offer reactions, via a Semantic Differential, to interaction settings differing only in the distance separating participants. Results showed that students see the closer interaction distances as most appropriate. No sex differences were found. Implications for counseling and the spatial environment as a factor in counseling interaction were discussed. (Author)

Study results suggested that clients responded more favorably to relationship aspects of the interview with a nonexpert than with an expert, informational recall was greater for clients interviewed by the expert counselor, and global ratings of counselor effectiveness did not differentiate between expert and nonexpert counselors. (Author)

Study results indicate that individuals distinctly prefer one kind of arrangement over other alternatives and that group members interact in such a way that identifiable differences among participant groups are noticeable. (Author)

This study attempted to measure the generalization of the counseling skills learned via the microcounseling paradigm to the actual counseling setting. Results indicated that experimental subjects evidence greater learning and retention of skills in reflection of feeling and summarization of feeling. (Author)

Author provided two methods for encouraging creative ideas from students. (Author/RK)

The present study presents empirical information regarding the relationship between several methods of assessing proxemic behavior. Information was collated and evaluated with respect to four methods of measuring proxemic behavior: in vivo participation, observation of live actors, felt-board placements, and preferential response to photographs. (Author)