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Proton spectra from the 24 Mg(d,p) and 32 S(d,p) reactions leading to unbound states of 25 Mg and 33 S and the total neutron cross section of 24 Mg from 1.0 to 5.2 MeV have been measured. The ratio of the (d,p) strength and the total neutron cross section depends strongly on the orbital angular momentum of the unbound state. The l -values of 20 resonances are determined. The (d,n) reactions on 12,13,14 C studied at 6.5 MeV and compared with (p,p o ) reveal a similar l -dependence for proton resonances.

Missions in space within the next two decades will be of longer duration than those carried out up to the present time, and the effects of such long-term flights on biological organisms are unknown. Results of biological experiments that have been performed to date cannot be extrapolated to results in future flights because of the unknown influence of adaptation over a long period of time. Prior experiments with Axolotl, fishes, and vertebrates by our research team (in part with sounding rockets) showed that these specimens did not appear to be suitable for long-term missions on which minimization of expense, technique, and energy is required. Subsequent investigations have shown the suitability of the leech (Hirudo medicinalis), which consumes blood of mammals up to ten times its own weight (1 g) and can live more than 2 years without further food supply. Emphasis in the experiments with Hirudo medicinalis is placed on metabolic rhythm and motility. Resorption and diffusion in tissue, development, and growth under long-term effects of cosmic proton radiation and zero-gravity are other focal points. The constancy of cellular life in the mature animals is a point in favor of these specimens. We have also taken into account the synergistic effects of the space environment on the problems just mentioned. The life-support system constructed for the leech has been tested successfully in four sounding rocket flights and, on that basis, has been prepared for a long-term mission. Long-term investigations out of the terrestrial biosphere will provide us with information concerning the degree of adaptation of certain physiological and biochemical functions and as to what extent biological readjustment or repair processes can occur under the specific stress conditions of space flight.

The proton transfer on 40K has been studied with the 40K(3He, d)41Ca reaction at 13 and 21 MeV bombarding energy and with the 40K(d, n)41Ca reaction at 6.5 MeV bombarding energy. The energy and angular distribution of outgoing particles have been measured. For transitions to 62 levels in 41Ca the l-values and spectroscopic factors have been derived with DWBA. The excitation energies of levels populated with l = 3 and the qualitative distribution of transfer strength strongly suggest their interpretation as 2p-1h states of the f 7 2 2d 3 2 −1 configuration with weak coupling between the particle pair and the hole. The high-spin states of this configuration (with Jπ up to 15 2 + ) are preferentially excited.

Using the atomic beam magnetic resonance method, the five hyperfine structure separations in the 4f3 6s24I9/2 ground state of 59 141 Pr have been measured. The results are:F F′ E FF′ * /h (MHz) 7 6 6477.913423(17) 6 5 5556.359848 (6) 5 4 4633.023306 (2) 4 3 3708.201146 (5) 3 2 2782.190601(15)

Energy and angular distributions of neutrons from the reaction 14C(d, n)15N have been measured at 6.5 MeV deuteron energy. The DWBA analysis yielded l-values and absolute spectroscopic factors for fifteen states in 15N below 10 MeV excitation energy. For the 9.23 MeV level Jπ is determined to be 3 2 + or 5 2 +, for the 9.93 MeV level the data suggest J π = 1 2 + . The spectroscopic factors are in qualitative agreement with pure jj coupling and in semi-quantitative agreement with shell-model calculations.

Grossular garnet has been observed in several white inclusions in the Allende meteorite. Compositions range from Gro(95)Py(5) to Gro(88)Py(12) in five inclusions. Its mottled appearance indicates that it crystallized from a glass of near-grossular composition and not by a solid-state reaction between wollastonite, anorthite, and melilite. These grossular-bearing inclusions either condensed directly as metastable liquids from the solar nebula or, if initial solid condensates were liquefied, by some subsequent heating process. In either case, a prolonged residence time in a thermal blanket appears necessary to effect crystallization of the grossular.

Energy spectra and angular distributions of neutrons from the (τ, n) reaction on 48,50 Ti, 50,52 Cr, and 54 Fe at 13 MeV bombarding energy have been measured with the time-of-flight technique. Altogether 65 new levels in the final nuclei have been observed. The DWBA analysis of the angular distributions yielded 56 new J π assignments, among them 26 levels with J π = 0 + and 27 levels with J π = 2 + The transitions to 0 + states have been compared with predictions of the shell model and the pairing model. The purely harmonic pairing vibration model gives correct predictions near 56 Ni, but the agreement becomes worse with increasing distance from A = 56. The inclusion of anharmonicity effects, however, leads to a good overall description of all data (energies of ground and excited states, transitions strengths).

Energy distributions of neutrons from the (d, n) reactions on 12–14C leading to unbound states of 13–15N have been measured at 6.3 or 6.5 MeV deuteron energy. Angular distributions have been extracted for 13, 14C(d, n) transitions and analysed with DWBA using the extra-polation technique to give l-values and transition strengths for ten unbound states in 14N and six in 15N. For the 15N level at 10.541 MeV it is concluded that Jπ is 3 2 −. A new 15N level is observed at 11.44 MeV. The 0° (d, n) cross sections have been set in proportion to (p, p0) resonance cross sections, and a pronounced l-dependence of the ratio is obtained.

Absolute differential cross sections for the 9 Be( 3 He, n) 11 C and 10 B( 3 He, n) 12 N reactions have been measured for 10.5–13 MeV incident helions and lab angles up to 105°. New energy levels are reported at 10.957 ± 0.020 MeV in 11 C and at 7.629 ± 0.020, 8.446 ± 0.017, and 9.035 ± 0.012 MeV in 12 N. Transferred L -values have been suggested for most transitions. The results of DWBA calculations with both one-component wave functions and the many-component wave functions of Cohen and Kurath are compared with the experimental data. The dominant jj coupling components of several states have been determined. Analog states in the f = 12 triad are suggested.

We have made a detailed examination of the mineralogy, textures, and assemblages of six calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAI) in the Allende meteorite. They can be classified into four types - hibonite-bearing, fassaite- and olivine-bearing, feldspathoid-bearing and fassaite-bearing CAI that are hibonite and olivine free. Examples of each type appear to have crystallized from a liquid rather than by agglomeration of solid nebular condensates. Some lines of evidence for a liquid origin are the presence of spherical and ovoid shapes and rims containing minerals that are more refractory than minerals inside the inclusion. Thermodynamic calculations and comparisons with liquidus phase diagrams indicate that the CAI could have been produced by direct condensation to metastable subcooled liquids that subsequently crystallized or by remelting of an equilibrium high-temperature condensate by impact. The diopside rims in some hibonite-bearing CAI and the paucity of metal in fassaite-olivine-bearing CAI are more consistent with direct condensation of a liquid.

We have determined the ππ effective mass distribution for the isotropic term in a coordinate system where the tensorial background is minimized. A new structure at 0.66 GeV was observed.

Neutrons from the 6 MeV deuteron bombardment of 39 K have been investigated by the time-of-flight method; 30 angular distributions of (d, n) transitions to states in 40 Ca up to an excitation energy of 10 MeV are obtained. They have been analysed with DWBA to yield l -values and spectroscopic factors. The l = 1 character of 14 transitions to states above 7.9 MeV determines their parity to be negative. From comparison with 39 K(d, p) data, four levels above 9.4 MeV are proposed as possible analogues of 40 K states with dominant d 3 2 −1 p 3 2 configuration. The experimental transition strengths are compared to previous (τ, d) results and to predictions of the simple shell model. The main component of two shell-model particle-hole states is found in two other 40 Ca states than in previous investigations. At least 45% of the d 3 2 −1 p strength is moved away from the zero-order particle-hole states of the shell model. Theoretical spectroscopic factors were derived from the wave functions of Gerace and Green obtained by mixing spherical 1p-1h states with deformed 3p-3h states. Near to quantitative agreement with experiment is observed.

Anhand der Ultrastrukturen wird die prainfektionelle Phase an die Wirtszelle angehefteter Olpidium-Zoosporen beschrieben. Vor der Encystierung wird die Geisel eingezogen; sie liegt dann in zwei Windungen in der Zoospore. Beim Abbau des Geiselapparates schiebt sich als erstes das Dictyosom der Zelle zwischen den Rhizoplasten und das Kinetosom sowie das Centriol. Nach Auflosung des Rhizoplasten trennt sich das Axonema vom Kinetosom und desintegriert. Die Centriolen lagern sich schlieslich zwischen Kern und Dictyosom. Vom Dictyosom produzierte Sekretvesikeln sammeln sich an der Anheftungsstelle in der Cyste; dort organisieren sich oft auch Lomasomen-ahnliche Strukturen. Im distalen Teil der Zelle entsteht aus Elementen des ER uber ein multivesiculares Stadium die Vacuole.

Electron microprobe analyses of metal grains in nine C2 meteorites show consistently high Cr and P contents, with large grain to grain variations within individual meteorites. Cr ranges from 0.16 to 1.0 wt.% (average 0.6 per cent for 43 analyses). P ranges from 0.00 to 3.2 wt.% (average 0.42 per cent). In addition, metal grains in seven C3 meteorites show a lesser enrichment of Cr, 0.00 to 0.7 per cent (average 0.13 per cent for 59 analyses), with no P present. Both of these elements, Cr and P, are generally below detection in the metal of other chondrite groups, equilibrated and unequilibrated. C2 metal grains occur typically as spherical to ovate blebs contained within single, euhedral forsterite crystals or crystal fragments that are either isolated in the black C2 matrix or are in clusters making up white inclusions. Metal is rare within true chondrules. Calculations of the expected Cr contents in metal condensing directly from a solar nebular gas agree remarkably well with the observed values. Unfortunately, no calculation is possible for P because of insufficient data at the present time. The composition and the textural relationships indicate this Cr, P rich metal, and the enclosing forsterite are direct condensates from a cooling solar nebula. Cr and P, in the quantities reported here, characterize C2 metal.

At E d = 6 MeV, energy spectra and angular distributions of neutrons from the 13 C(d,n) 14 N reaction have been measured; l p values and relative spectroscopic factors have been extracted. They confirm shell-model assignments to nine states in 14 N below 9 MeV.

The principal electrical conductivities (${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}$ in the basal plane and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ perpendicular to the basal plane) of graphite crystals isolated from several North American marbles were studied. By means of measurements of potential distributions on the surfaces of crystals carrying electric current, it was conclusively shown that $\frac{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}}{{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}}$ for these crystals is about several hundred at room temperature. By direct measurement ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}$ was found to be (2.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ (ohm ${\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ to vary from 150 to 230 (ohm ${\mathrm{c}\mathrm{m})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20 percent) at room temperature. Below room temperature it was found for two crystals that ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{a}$ increased slowly to liquid nitrogen temperatures, then followed a ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ law to about 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and again slowly increased in the region 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Two other crystals for which ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ was measured at low temperatures did not behave alike. For both, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{c}$ decreased as the temperature was lowered, reached a minimum above liquid nitrogen temperatures, and then started increasing, the one showing a ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ behavior, the other increasing more slowly. For both, the rate of increase declined markedly in the region 15\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.

Die Kohlenoxydverbindungen des Rheniums, die Halogenopentacarbonyle wie das reine dimere Pentacarbonyl, erweisen sich der CO-Substitution durch Pyridin oder o-Phenanthrolin zuganglich, wie dies schon fruher bei den Metallen der Eisen- und Chromgruppe aufgedeckt wurde. Die aminsubstituierten Rheniumcarbonyle enthalten samtlich noch wenigstens 3 Mol CO pro Rheniumatom, d.h.es werden stets nur 2Mol CO durch 2Mol Pyridin oder 1 Mol o-Phenanthrolin ersetzt: ReHal(CO)3Pyr2 nnd ReHal(CO)3 Phthrl sowie Re(CO)3Pyr2 und Re(CO)3, Phthrl2; letztere sind eventuell dimer wie das Rheniumpentacarbonyl. Die aminsubstituierten Rheniumcarbonyle erinnern bezuglich ihrer Entstehungsweise, ihres Baus und ihrer grosen Bestandigkeit durchaus an die aminsubstituierten Carbonyle der Chromgruppe.

Two iron meteorites are now known to contain chlorapatite-silicate-schreibersite assemblages. Thus, phosphorus is present in two oxidation states. Electron microprobe analytical results on the minerals present in these occurrences are combined with thermochemical data in order to examine the oxidation-reduction conditions implied by this assemblage. The silicate phases (olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene) were found to be out of equilibrium, however, it is still possible to estimate the oxidation state of these meteorites and make direct comparisons with eight other irons and pallasites which contain other phosphate minerals, calcium-free sarcopside and farringtonite, as well as ordinary equilibrated chondrite meteorites. All these metallic meteorites represent approximately the same degree of oxidation as the ordinary chondrites. Some implications regarding the size of a zoned parent body are discussed.

The origin of the organic material, and the mechanism of formation of the organo-U complex, in thucholite from the Besner Mine, Parry Sound District, Ontario, have been investigated. Results indicate that thucholite was formed by the action of aqueous solutions containing organic material, possibly as an oil-in-water emulsion. U, Pb, and other relatively soluble oxides were leached from uraninite while Al, Fe, Mg, and silica were deposited in the thucholite. The separation of U from Th and the rare earths is believed to have occurred by oxidation of tetravalent U to the more soluble hexavalent oxidation state. Oxidation of U and the organic fraction of thucholite in an otherwise reducing environment is assumed to be due to the action of radiation decomposition products of water, the hydroxyl radical and/or hydrogen peroxide. Oxidation of the organic material may also be due to subsequent reaction with hexavalent U. The liquid and solid hydrocarbons, by virtue of their optical activity, are shown to be of plant or animal origin, rather than polymerization products of methane and other low molecular weight gases. The hydrocarbons are probably not contemporaneous with the organic fraction of thucholite.

The off-mass-shell behavior of the ππ amplitude predicted by the Lovelace-Wagner-Veneziano model implies that the forward-backward asymmetry term in pion production by one pion exchange vanishes for certain values of momentum transfer. A test of this prediction for the region 0.6 s s is the diplion effective mass) was made by analyzing the ππN final state. Substantial agreement between experiment and theory was found.

THE modern, practical, and scientific otolaryngologist must to-day look upon roentgenologic examination as, an indispensable adjunct to his diagnostic armamentarium. To be without the services of an expert radiologist places the otolaryngologist in a position equivalent to that he would have occupied in practising his specialty a decade or more ago. We must always be grateful to the early pioneers in X-ray work, who experimented with and perfected the different technics which now contribute so much to the diagnosis of pathologic conditions in the ear, nose, and throat. Without this aid, diagnoses would, on numbers of occasions, be inaccurate and even impossible. The sinuologist who attempts diagnoses and pre-operative examinations without the aid and assistance of the radiologist has not worked up his cases properly and should under no conditions attempt to operate. On the other hand, we must not go to the opposite extreme and expect the X-ray findings to make the diagnosis for us. It is only through the ...

Angular distributions of the reactions (d, d0), (d, p) and (d, n) on 15N were measured at deuteron energies of 5, 5.5 and 6 MeV. Excitation functions were obtained for the reactions (d, do) and (d, p) from 4.25 MeV to 6.25 MeV deuteron energy. The experimental data were analysed with DWBA and Hauser-Feshbach calculations to yield spectroscopic factors. These are compared with results of previous experiments and shell-model calculations. The p −1 d 3 2 configuration is strongly mixed with the states of the p −1 ( d 5 2 , s 1 2 ) configurations; its inclusion therefore is necessary for a correct theoretical description of low-lying T = 0 states in 16O with negative parity. The experimental strengths of the 1 d 5 2 and 2 s 1 2 transitions to the lowest T = 1 states in 16O and 16N exhaust only about 60 % of the total one-particle strength in contrast to existing nuclear structure calculations of A = 16 nuclei.

The authors describe a technique which allows the direct transfer of the results of thin-layer chromatography or paper chromatography to preparative scale separations: a horizontal column is made using finely powdered adsorbents (silica gel, alumina, or cellulose powder) in a cellophane tube which can be cut into slices after development.

It has been generally agreed since the publication of Professor Holcombe's The New Party Politics that the urbanization of American society has tended to produce class differences in our politics. The sectional alignments of the 19th century gave way to class and urban-rural politics in considerable measure as Americans continued to move to the cities. By the 1932 and 1936 elections there was a marked tendency for wealth and high prestige to be associated with Republican choice.Paradoxically, the most urban of all our citizens, American Jews, have not divided their presidential vote along class lines. As a group they rapidly improved their jobs, extended their incomes, and became highly educated during the 1930's and 1940's. At the same time, they drastically switched their predominant major party choice from the Republican party to the Democrats. And within the group itself differences in income or occupational prestige appear to have been of practically no significance in the formulation of presidential vote preference since 1936.The purpose of this article is threefold: first, to trace briefly the shifts in Jewish vote preference in recent decades through the use of aggregate election statistics; second, to probe the significant motivations of Jewish voters in 1952, primarily by analyzing the results of a sample survey conducted after the 1952 election in the city of Boston; and third, to suggest some of the basic reasons for Jewish resistance to class influences at the polls.

Hibonite was discovered in light-colored, Ca-Al-Ti-rich and Si-Fe-poor, achondritic inclusions of the Leoville and Allende HL-group chondrites. Two varieties of hibonite occur: one emits a bright red-orange luminescence under electron bombardment and has high amounts of Al2O3 (87.7; 87.9) and low amounts of MgO (0.65; 0.8) and TiO2 (0.68; 0.8). The other emits a bright blue luminescence and is low in Al2O3 (78.7; 79.2) and high in MgO (3.3; 3.7) and TiO2 (6.5; 7.9) (in wt. %). The oxide CaO is about the same in both varieties. It is suggested that the change in the color of the visible luminescence results from changes in composition. The origin of hibonite which occurs in complex mineral assemblages together with anorthite, gelhenite, wollastonite, aluminous diopside, andradite, Ca-pyroxene, perovskite, spinel, taenite, chromite, and pentlandite, and in close proximity to nodules containing calcite, whewellite, forsterite and many of the aforementioned phases, is discussed. The proposition that hibonite and associated phases originated by contact metamorphism and metasomatism of calcite-dolomite bearing assemblages cannot, at this time, be completely ruled out.

Zusammenfassung Bei der Reduktion von BrO 2 − an der Goldamalgamelektrode erhalt man zwei Stufen. Die erste ist auf die Reduktion des Produktes der chemischen Reaktion zwischen Quecksilber und Bromit zuruckzufuhren, die zweite ist die Bromitreduktionsstufe selbst, die bei genugend hohen pH-Werten diffusionsbestimmt ist und sich daher fur analytische Zwecke eignet. Es wird ein Reduktionsmechanismus vorgeschlagen.