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Starch granules (defatted and hydrated) are completely dissolved by prolonged contact with urea under extremely mild conditions (10M, pH 6,2 at 26–28°C). The microscopic examination has revealed that the granules undergo a considerable swelling in contact with the urea, followed by a progressive leaching of the starch components, with a simultaneous loss in birefringence, increase in viscosity and clarity of the solution leading to the complete dissolution of the granules. The dispersion profiles display a biphasic pattern and appear to be characteristic of the source. Amylose is isolated from the solution by different procedures. Trace quantities of amylose from amylopectin +ction are removed by adsorption on defatted cellulose. The purified products are recovered by precipitation with ethanol and washed free of urea with ethanol. The amylose and the amylopectin are characterized by determining their iodine binding capacity (IBC), blue value (BV), intrinsic viscosity ([η]), and beta-amylosis limit. The method is suitable for the isolation of high molecular weight amylose and amylopectin from cereal and tuber starches on a preparative scale.

Subcutaneous histamine tests were performed in 13 control subjects using 1.2-, 1.6-, 2.0-, 2.4-, 2.8-, and 3.2-mg doses of histamine acid phosphate and in 18 patients with duodenal ulcer using 1.6-, 2.0-, 2.4-, 2.8-, 3.2-, and 3.6-mg doses of histamine. The results indicate that the minimal dose of histamine which stimulates maximal acid secretion is determined by the maximal acid secretory capacity of the stomach (i.e., the parietal cell mass) of an individual. The minimal dose of histamine acid phosphate which stimulated maximal acid secretion was 2.4 mg or 50 μg per kg of body weight for control subjects and 2.8 mg or 65 μper kg of body weight for patients with duodenal ulcers. Subcutaneous administration of supramaximal doses of histamine on different days showed a reduction of acid output.

The application of the method for the microdetermination of C-methyl groups, in which the oxidation of the sample and the distillation of the resulting acetic acid are carried out simultaneously in aKuhn- Roth, assembly, has been extended to the microdetermination of O- and N-acetyl groups in organic compound.

One hundred and five children suffering from chronic diarrhoea were investigated for the type of anaemia and marrow morphology. Anaemia was mild in 30%, moderate in 65% and severe in 5% patients. Red cell morphology showed evidence of iron deficiency in 55% children and macrocytosis in 25%. The erythropoiesis was normoblastic, purely iron deficient and frankly megaloblastic in about an equal number of patients. Dimorphic anaemia was seen in 18 patients. The relationship between the type of deficiency anaemia observed and the aetiological factor is discussed.

(1) In the rainy season (from June 15th to the end of September) the Weather Was less settled and there were thunder storms and heavy showers of rain. There was a considerable disturbance in the sea and the water was mixed over great depths during this period. In the remaining part of the year the winds were lighter and the mixing of water less pronounced. The sky was overcast with clouds for the most part of the. rainy season and there was a bright sun light from October to the end of May 1945. (2) The temperature of Water varied between 24° C. and 32.5° C. The maximum temperature of air was recorded as 103.1° F. on 24th March, 1945. (3) The salinity was low in the rainy season.—23.56‰ on 17th July, 1944 and high in the summer—38.4‰ on 21st May, 1945. (4) The range of Hydrogen-ion concentration was 7.8 to 8.35. (5) Phosphates were found in quantities varying between 13.04mg./m3 and 37.8mg./m3. It was as high as 51.9mg./m3 in one sample. (6) The amount of dissolved silica was greater than any other chemical constituents recorded here. The lowest value was 315mg./m3 and the highest 1953mg./m3. (7) The minimum and maximum quantities for nitrite were 4.60mg./m3 and 167.1 mg./m3 and for ammonia 9.84mg./m3 and 156.3 mg./m3 respectively.

The pieces of liver of 5×5 mm were fixed in different fixatives for varying periods, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned at 6–8 micron in thickness. For staining purposes Best's carmine, periodic acid-Schiff and Bauer-Feulgen methods were used. The presence of glycogen in the different parts of the embryonic liver was confirmed by the diastase control which was run alongwith the undigested sections. The localization and distribution of glycogen was based in the visual analysis made. The amount of glycogen goes on increasing alongwith the morphological differentiation of the liver for final functioning of storage. The study supports the views of different authors based on the biochemical analysis, histochemically in a non-laboratory animal, the goat.

The Deccan Trap basalts have long been considered to be products of fissure eruptions and the dykes intruding them have been supposed to represent the fissures of eruption. However, the question of the mode of eruption of Deccan Trap lavas seems to need more careful consideration in view of the features brought to light by detailed field work in Western Maharashtra. Detailed studies of dykes suggest that majority of the dykes could not have acted as feeders as previously supposed. When examined in detail the basalt flows have more often been found to have only a limited lateral extent and are not always quite horizontal. Thin irregular flows with ropy surfaces, dipping in different directions and piled up into a chaotic mass are frequently met with, indicating eruption from local vents of the central type. Volcanic vents are found at a number of widely separated localities. All this suggests that many lavas are products of central type of volcanicity. However, central type of volcanoes would be inadequate to account for the vast amounts of lavas, and as the known dykes are not likely to have acted as feeders, and dykes still remain to be reported from large portions of the Deccan Trap area, the question of how the lavas came to the surface largely remains unanswered. Extensive beds of volcanic breccia traceable over a few miles and upto 50 feet thick are met with. As such extensive beds are more likely to be associated with fissure cruptions the question arises whether these fissure eruptions were accompanied by considerable explosive activity.

Die Gesetze der Porenstromung lassen sich mit theoretischen Modellen nicht hinreichend genau beschreiben. Es bedarf systematischer Versuche, als deren Basis zunachst die Dimensionsanalyse unter Berucksichtigung des Einflusses der Packungsstruktur entwickelt wird. Fur gleichmasige Zufallspackungen kugelformiger Teilchen wurde die Abhangigkeit der Widerstandszahl von der Porositat im Bereich der Porositaten 0,35 ⩽ e ⩽ 0,7 und der Reynolds-Zahlen 10−2 ⩽ Re ⩽ 102 gemessen. Auf Grund einer Regressionsanalyse der Meswerte ergibt sich als Porositatsfunktion fur die Widerstandszahl φ im Bereich Re ⩽ 1 eine Potenzfunktion φ ∼ e−5,5 oder φ e (1 - e) e−4,55. Die zweite Funktion ist vorzuziehen, weil sie auch im Fliesbettbereich fur e ≥ 0,7 mit hinreichender Genauigkeit gultig ist und beim Ubergang zu e 1 physikalisch sinnvoll bleibt1 . Es zeigte sich ferner auch bei gleicher spezifischer Oberflache und Porositat ein nennenswerter Einflus der Kornverteilungsbreite und Kornverteilungsform auf die Widerstandszahl.

Existing standard procedures for the microdetermination of C-methyl groups in organic compounds have been discussed, and a modified micromethod, in which the oxidation of the sample and the distillation of the resulting acetic acid are carried out simultaneously, has been presented. New and useful information on the stability of acetic acid, when heated in presence of chromic-sulphuric acid mixture of varying strengths, for periods ranging between 15–90 minutes, and at temperatures varying between 130–300° C, has been given. A number of simple organic substances have been analysed for their C-methyl values by the different procedures, and the results have been recorded and discussed.

Es werden die Kriterien fur eine gleichmasige Zufallsstruktur von Packungen aus Kugeln angegeben, die bei der Stromung durch solche Packungen masgebend sind. Die Versuchstechnik und die statistischen Prufverfahren dazu werden erortert. Aus den Mesergebnissen an Packungen mit Porositaten zwischen 0,444 und 0,681 wurde eine Beziehung abgeleitet, mit der die Varianz der Flachenporositat aus der Durch-messerverteilung der Kugeln und der Porositat der Packung berechnet werden kann.

SUMMARY The kinetics of chlorophyll degradation in spinach puree were studied over the temperature range 260—300°F, using thermal-death-time tubes heated in a constant-temperature oil bath. Pigments were separated by column chromatography, and their concentrations determined spectrophotometrically. A semilogarithmic (first-order) plot of the residual pigment vs. time was used to illustrate the thermal degradation rate (TDR). Although the major portions of the TDR curves were apparently linear, several abnormalities were observed during the initial test intervals. Regression coefficients were computed for the linear portions and used to compute the various thermo-dynamic functions characteristic of the degradation reactions. The following values respectively represent the average determinations for chlorophylls a and b. The TDR constant k, (2.3/D, D, D being decimal reduction time in sec), 1.1 × 10−2 and 0.52 × 10−2 sec−1; the temperature coefficient Q10 (log−1 18/z, z being °F affecting 10-fold change in k, or D), 1.58 and 1.26; the activation energy E, 143 and 35 Kcal mole−1; the enthalpy H, 142 and 34 Kcal mole−1; the free energy & Delta;F, 29 and 32 Kcal mole−1; and the entropy & Delta;S, 268 and 5 cal deg−1 mole−1.

The present paper describes the results of experiments made in the laboratory to determine the distribution of temperature and vapour pressure in the neighbourhood of an evaporating water-surface with wind speeds varying from 0 to 2 1/2 metres per second. Fine dry and wet thermo-couples were used to determine the temperatures. It was noticed that when the watersurface was warmer than air, there were conspicuous fluctuations of temperature above the water-surface, the maximum fluctuations being at a height of about 1 cm. above the surface. A table is given showing the heights above the surface at which the temperature and vapour pressure changes amounted to one-half the total changes.

Observations made during archaeological work at sites associated with alluvial deposits, and engineering geology investigations at dam sites on rivers in Western Maharashtra indicate that the complexity of palaeoclimatic and geomorphic developments in this region during recent times has not been fully recognised.