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Summary An abbreviated scale of internal-external locus of control (I-E) was administered to a national probability sample of 4,330 males ranging from 16 to 26 years of age. Psychometric properties (distributional characteristics, scale reliability, and item-test correlations) of the abbreviated scale were found to be similar to the full 29-item Rotter I-E scale. Comparable factor structures were obtained for both black and white respondents. A significant race difference indicated that blacks gave more external responses than whites.

Studies of cuticular modifications of leaves by the environment were conducted on Datura stramonium L. (Blakeslee seed lot, box 8-451) to determine the degree of constancy of cuticular features when plants were subjected to different environmental conditions. This species was considered to be a highly inbred line with a high degree of genetic constancy. The plants were subjected to five environmental conditions, from xeric to very humid. Sinclair and Dunn's method (reported in 1961) of making plastic cuticular imprints was used. It was concluded that the stomatal size classes, mean stomatal size, subsidiary cell complex, pattern of stomatal development, and the type of trichome and trichome distribution pattern were consistent. Stomatal index was generally reliable, except under extreme environments where the plants probably would not have survived in nature, under competition. Stomatal frequency, epidermal cell frequency, and trichome frequency were inconsistent under the different environmental conditions. The total leaf area was so easily modified that absolute stomatal numbers described by Gupta in 1961 were not worth calculating.

An attempt was made to investigate the interactive roles of social isolation, movement restriction, and prior information in the sensory deprivation experiment. 20 Ss were put into an 8-hr. sensory deprivation condition and 20 other Ss into an 8-hr. social isolation (with sensory stimulation) condition. All Ss were also seen on a non-confined control day in the laboratory. The order of the control and experimental days was counterbalanced within each group. These groups were compared with other groups with less movement restriction. The results indicated that the interaction between confinement and familiarity-uncertainty set produced psychological stress effects. Sensory deprivation and uncertainty produced “primary-process” effects; movement restriction enhanced these effects and produced additional discomfort and more autonomic arousal.

According to a recent AFIPS study, the estimated number of unfilled openings for trained programmers in 1970 was between 200,000 and 650,000; and for systems analysts there were between 60,000 and 200,000 positions available. Industrial leaders are the first to admit that existing educational facilities are not adequate to supply the quantity and quality of training needed to fill the present market requirements---not to mention the steadily increasing demand foreseen for the future. From these observations it is obvious that the full potential of the computers presently in use cannot be realized because of the scarcity of sufficiently qualified programmers and analysts. As a consequence, many present-day computer installations are on the brink of chaos.

This is in a sense a continuation of some work undertaken some years ago in an effort to explain both the trend and the business cycle in the United States.1 We propose to construct a dynamic model for this purpose.

Modified methods for the determination of 17-ketogenic steroids by direct and indirect procedures are presented. Several factors in the Zimmermann reaction were studied experimentally; namely, time and temperature of color development, composition of reagents, specificity and method for correcting for background absorbance. The stoichiometry of the bismuthate oxidation reaction was studied and shown to effect satisfactory recoveries. Conditions for quantitative reduction of 17-ketosteroids by borohydride are presented. The precision of the methods for 17-ketosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids was determined. From a study of a limited number of urine samples, both the 17-ketosteroids and the 17-ketogenic steroids appear to be relatively stable at room temperature without added preservative.

IN A RECENT paper, Zuckerman et al 1 reported that young men who were socially and perceptually isolated for eight hours developed more anxiety, depression, and priinary process thinking, exhibited a lower breathing rate, excreted more 17-ketosteroids and 17-ketogenic steroids, and secreted higher plasma levels of thyrotropin than they did while they were socially isolated without perceptual restriction for the same length of time. The endocrine results obtained in that study suggested that social plus perceptual isolation resulted in a total activation of the anterior pituitary gland. Furthermore, the results obtained in the short time period of eight hours suggested that more prolonged periods of perceptual isolation might lead to even greater hormonal differences between perceptual and social isolation. In the present study, the psycho-endocrine effects of increasing the duration of isolation from 8 to 24 hours are reported for similar male subjects. Methods The basic design of the present

Following administration of hydrocortisone, corticosterone and saline, respectively, 3 different anxiety instruments were administered to each of 18 normal subjects. In addition, plasma levels of hydrocortisone and corticosterone were assessed before, during and after each infusion. In general, administration of corticosterone and hydrocortisone tended to modestly increase anxiety scores on all 3 test instruments as compared to the saline control, with the corticosterone treatment exerting a greater effect than hydrocortisone. Plasma levels of corticosterone and hydrocortisone were elevated significantly by the appropriate treatments as compared to the saline treatment. However, administration of hydrocortisone was accompanied by a significant increase in plasma corticosterone level as well. Multiple correlation of the 3 anxiety indicators with plasma corticosterone level, but not plasma hydrocortisone level, was significant following hydrocortisone administration; multiple correlation with plasm...

After studying 443 species (226 dicots and 217 mono- cots) of 152 genera in 96 families, we have attempted to analyze the cuticular imprint differences between the two major groups of phanero- gams. Ten species were used in a statistical analysis of the variation of stomatal size and frequency. Eleven species are illustrated by photo- graphs of the plastic imprints of the cuticular characters. These were selected to represent trees, woody vines, suffrutescent, herbaceous and aquatic dicotyledons. The only monocotyledons illustrated are those with net venation. A brief key is presented to emphasize the differences as well as the exceptions. The authors conclude that in dicotyledons the stomata are usually of four or more ages and sizes, and that size is an unreliable taxonomic character. In contrast, stomatal size in monocoty- ledons is relatively reliable, there being a single size class for each species. No two genera of the 152 studied were alike in their cuticular char- acteristics.

Once the sectoral growth-rates of the economy are outlined by the Central Planning Authorities, the problem that follows is how to break them up for the different regions. Such problems can be tackled both in a consistent framework and in an optimization scheme. We propose to construct a consistency model only. We include in it both inter-sectoral consistency and inter-regional consistency.