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The present study was performed in the Department of Medicine and in Veterinary clinic of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from January to June 2002. Myositis was produced experimentally by injecting oil of turpentine in the gluteal muscles of 4 goats of which 2 goats were given treatment with Diclofenac sodium @1mg/kg body weight (treatment group) for consecutive 3 days and remaining 2 goats were reared as control without giving treatment (control group). All the goats were observed for 7 days. Myositis was characterized by reduced appetite, increased body temperature (1-2°F), lameness, local swelling and cellular changes in blood level. The appetite in both groups reduced sharply from 1st day of myositis and improved from day 2 and became normal on 3rd day after treatment. Body temperature reduced to normal level from 2nd day after administration of diclofenac sodium but in control group, it came down in the same condition from 4th day onward. Moderate lameness was observed in all the goats of both groups. In treatment group lameness reduced completely in 100% goats after 2 consecutive days of treatment but in control group similar result was observed on day 6. Moderate local swelling was reduced to normal level in treatment group 2 days post treatment remain moderate in control group. Total leukocyte count (TLC) was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in both groups in myositic condition than in healthy condition and it came down to normal level in treatment group 3 days post treatment and in control group it remained higher. Similar changes were observed in Neutrophil count. The number of lymphocyte was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in myositic condition than in healthy ones which again reached to normal level within 3 days of treatment. Key words: Myositis, goat, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1345 Bangl.  J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 99-102

Ablation of the gluteal muscles in rats, three weeks old, has been shown to result in an average diminution of 7 % in the other blocks of hip muscles. Concurrently, the weight of the innominate bone is reduced by 7 % and its dimensions by an amount varying between 1 % and 8 % and averaging about 3 %. This reduction in size and weight is comparable with that obtaining in the rat skull following bilateral masseterectomy. The dimensions of the innominate bone most affected by the reduction in muscular pull are those of the iliac blade, whose proportions, however, remain unaltered–a finding indicative of an appreciable measure of genetic control of this feature.

In order to evaluate further the potential benefit of prophylactic intramuscular lidocaine administration in coronary artery disease, 24 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction were given an intramuscular injection of lidocaine (10% solution) in the deltoid and gluteal muscles on consecutive days. Twelve patients received an intermediate dose (4 mg/kg), and 12 received a high dose (6 mg/kg) of lidocaine, and blood lidocaine levels were measured over a 4-hour study period. Intradeltoid injection produced higher blood lidocaine levels and more rapid development of peak blood levels than did intragluteal injection. Administration of high-dose lidocaine (average dose 450 mg) into the deltoid muscle produced the ideal combination of rapid peak blood levels (6.5 µg/ml ± 2.1 SEM at 5 min) and persistence of therapeutic levels (>1.5 µg/ml) for over 2 hours. Although drowsiness, paresthesias, slurred speech, and tinnitus occurred in seven of the 12 patients in the high-dose group, no major neurotoxicity, such as grand mal seizures, were observed, nor was there evidence of hypotension or increase in atrioventricular block. Prophylactic administration of high-dose 10% lidocaine into the deltoid muscle appears to have potential for reducing the early mortality following acute myocardial infarction.

The literature relating to the flexor and adductor muscles of the thigh and their nerve supplies, in Sphenodon, the lizards, crocodiles and mammals was correlated and new dissections made of animals belonging to the last three groups. All of these muscles can be traced as individual entities from animal to animal without loss or addition to their number, although splitting may occur. The attachments of the muscles and their relationships to one another and to the two heads of the gastrocnemius are the same in all the reptiles studied. In the mammals one group, including the adductor longus and magnus and the retractor femoralis, has migrated from the tibia between the two heads of the gastrocnemius onto the femur, and another from the ilium onto the vertebrae, the one migration being caused by expansion of the gastrocnemius, and the other by expansion of the gluteal muscles. A new lateral flexor mass has been formed from part of the reptilian ilio tibialis by migration down the fibula. The nerve supplies of the various muscles are not constant when traced from group to group, and it is suggested that a muscle receives its nerve supply from the nerve nearest to it in embryonic development, so that when a muscle has migrated the nerve supply is no longer a reliable guide to its homology.

One hundred and fifty-seven bone and callus transplantations to ulnar defects or to the gluteal muscles of rabbits were performed. The specimens were studied by routine histological methods, as well as by stains for collagen, alkaline phosphatase, and phosphates. Although homogenous bone was usually well incorporated, best results were obtained with autogenous iliac bone. Shave grafts of tibial bone incited extensive osteoclastic and fibroplastic reactions, and were almost completely destroyed before healing of the defect occurred. The mechanism of destruction of the grafts has been discussed in the light of preliminary in vitro experiments involving bone digestion. Alkaline phosphatase localization and its role in osteogenesis have been briefly discussed. Although peripheral areas of trabeculated iliac bone and of callus transplanted to muscle tissue occasionally survived, all such transplants to bone defects became necrotic, indicating that the speed of revascularization of a graft bed is probably the principal determining factor in maintaining viability of transplanted elements. There was no evidence of direct osteogenetic stimulation by any elements of the transplanted fragments.

The pelvis in the “Normalstellung” tends in man to tilt backwards. In primates, the pelvis shows a marked tendency to tilt into quadruped posture. In both the bodyweight intensifies those tendencies. Consequently, assuming erect posture and maintaining bipedal balance encounter, in primates, constant resistance from pelvis and bodyweight. In gibbons and ponginae loss of the tail, lengthening of the sacrum and broadening of the ilium combined with a pronounced development of the sacro-tuberous ligament furnish the gluteal muscles with a more powerful reflectory moment on pelvis and body. Moreover, the development of a short head of the femoral bicipital muscle, made the hip-joint to a greater degree independent of the knee-joint. Thus, maintenance of bipedal balance is better developed in gibbons and ponginae than in monkeys. In man broadening of the sacrum altered the position of the acetabulum. Together with ensuing changes of the ilium and the ischium this brought about in the pelvis a balance relationship so that the bodyweight not only causes no resistance to standing upright but even facilitates it. The essence of bipedalism, however, is not only the capacity to rise upright and to stand, but also to walk, that is, to keep the body balanced in the frontal plane on one leg. It is the ventralwards broadening of the ilium, and the sidewards bend of its middle segment, that allow, the strongest part of, the gluteus medius (and minimus) to produce a powerful abducent moment on the pelvis. The lack of a corresponding osteomuscular structure in monkeys as well as in gibbon and ponginae compels these primates to move faster and run straddle-legged, in a more or less forward-bending posture. Lastly it is found that in gibbons and ponginae, not only is the ilium markedly broadened laterally, but also that its sacral part is turned completely sidewards. This indicates that bipedalism in man has developed along quite other lines than in gibbons and ponginae.

Cycloguanil pamoate has been used in 71 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, for the first time, in Iraq and the Middle East. It was given as deep intramuscular injections in the gluteal muscles according to the described dosage schedule.

Summary In a study of 385 polio patients admittedduring 1950 and 1951 to the Elizabeth Kenny Institute, no relation was found between paralysis occurring in gluteal muscles and injection of penicillin during the acute illness.

Having within the past year been called on to use the cystoscope on three patients with injured ureters, it occurred to me that the following method might be of assistance in detecting these injuries at the time of operation. The surest method is to pass bougies or catheters into the ureters, but many times this is impracticable, both on account of conditions presented by the patient, and lack of experience on the part of the operator. Often the ureter may be cut, the cut portion inspected, and then there be doubt as to its identity. It is very easy to give a patient methylene blue by mouth before operation, or to inject into the gluteal muscles at the time of operation 20 minims of a 0.4 per cent. aqueous solution of indigo-carmine. These drugs will so color the urine that, should the ureter be cut and there be any leakage

Summary The pathologic response of pigs to a strain of M. intracellulare serotype VI was investigated in three trials. Ten mg wet weight of the second subculture maintained on Lowenstein-Jensen slopes produced a large number of tubercular nodules in the mesenteric lymph node of one pig infected orally, and similar lesions in the iliac lymph nodes of another pig following injection of the culture into the gluteal muscles. The lesions so produced were comparable with those recorded in the outbreak of tubercular lymphadenitis from which the above strain was isolated. In two other trials, variable doses ranging from 1.3 to 63 mg wet weight Lowenstein-Jensen, harvested from the fourth and fifths subculture of this strain, were administered to 13 pigs. The number and size of lesions produced were much smaller, and in several instances no gross or microscopic lesions were detected. Further work is being done to investigate the factors resulting in decreased virulence of this strain of M. intracellulare for pigs.

Met-myoglobin isolated from gluteal muscle of cases with Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy showed an abnormal ultraviolet spectrum. The maximum of the spectrum at pH 7.0 was at 275 mmicro, in contrast to that at 281 m/ A in normal met-myoglobin. Such an abnormality was not found in the limb-girdle type of dystrophy and in progressive spinal muscular atrophy. The results indicate the presence of an abnormal myoglobin in the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy.

A difference in leg length is of importance in many orthopedic and postural examinations. It is measured more accurately in the weight bearing position when the patient is standing erect. Sighting with one's eyes and hands across the iliac crests or the gluteal muscles provides rough estimates, but these usually are too approximate for accurate measurement. A tape measure, while readily available, is neither accurate nor satisfactory to use on patients in the erect position. A rigid fluoroscopic screen 1 with a water level and a wire across the screen is accurate. However, this, besides the expensive apparatus, requires a darkroom and sufficient time for dilation of the pupils, unless a series of cases were being run consecutively. A simple device that is equally accurate and can be made at a cost of a few dollars is described below. Measurement with this device requires only a few seconds. In addition

Rectal sphincter insufficiency is a severe affliction which deprives the patient of his ability to work and makes him a burden to society. Numerous operative methods of treatment are not devoid of essential defects, so that relapses are frequent.

In a paper on the relation of magnesium salts to gastrointestinal peristalsis, Meltzer and Auer2 stated that they were able to completely inhibit the general muscular tremor caused by eserin, by means of injections of magnesium sulfate.Matthews and Jackson3 stated later they did not obtain a like result. At Dr. Meltzer's suggestion, an attempt was then made to establish the facts in the case and to determine any other points of interest in the antagonism between these two drugs.My results and methods may be briefly reported as follows:First; a method of registering the general fibrillary muscular contractions was worked out, the best result being obtained by stitching a tambour to the skin over the gluteal muscles, with the leg in a flexed position.Second; while writing the fibrillary tremor caused by eserin, MgSO41 was slowly injected into the jugular vein. The result was an invariable stoppage of all tremor. This stoppage was brought about in from one half to one and a half minutes according to the rapi...

IN A TWO-YEAR period, 245 patients with pilonidal sinus, representing 11% of the admissions to the General Surgical Section, were treated at this hospital. Because many of the patients lived at distances that precluded treating them as outpatients, a method of management was sought that would not require the long period of hospitalization necessitated by the slow healing of open pilonidal wounds. The technique of Shute, Smith, Levine, and Burch1of using flaps of gluteal muscle to close the dead space left by removal of the sinus was selected for trial. One hundred thirty-five patients were treated by this method, 27 of the operations being performed by me and the rest by the resident staff under my supervision. The patient received a nonresidue diet and cleansing enema the day before operation. Penicillin, either 25,000 units intramuscularly every three hours or a single daily dose of 300,000 units of one

The safety of intramuscular injection into the gluteal region of infants and children has recently been challenged (Combes, M. A., et al.: J.A.M.A., 173:1336, 1960; and News-Letter, American Academy of Pediatrics, Vol. II, No. 10, Dec. 1960). In adult medicine the relatively large surface area and bulk of the gluteal muscles make this the preferred site for intramuscular injection. The co-operation of the patient permits accurate identification of landmarks with injection well beyond the course of the sciatic nerve.

The use of sulpharsphenamine injected intramuscularly in the treatment of warts was reported in October, 1926, by Sutton. 1 He noted that a crop of verrucae planae juveniles disappeared while a patient was being given the drug for another purpose. Subsequently he used it with uniform success in five other cases in which this type of wart occurred. In 1931, Osborne and Putnam 2 reported that of 40 patients whom they treated with this preparation, 20 were cured and 20 were not, but these investigators made no discrimination as to the type of verrucae under treatment. Accordingly, it was proposed by Dr. MacKee that an attempt be made to evaluate this form of therapy more accurately. A series of patients was given sulpharsphenamine, dissolved in distilled water and injected intramuscularly into the gluteal muscles. The dosage ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 Gm., according to the age and the weight of

In 1891, Werdnig,1a neurologist of Graz, gave the history, with necropsy findings, of a peculiar disease, which he termed early infantile progressive spinal muscular atrophy. This is his description: In a family without neuropathic taint, two or more children, who had been well up to that time, become sick about the tenth month of life, without fever, convulsions or other signs of infection. The disease begins very gradually, in that they cannot use their legs as well as formerly, the children never learn to walk and cannot stand without help. There is atrophy and paralysis of the muscles of the back and pelvic girdle (marked in the gluteal muscles), but especially in the quadriceps. The disease, in a chronic, progressive, centrifugal and symmetrical course, involves the shoulder girdle, neck and throat muscles, later the muscles of the thigh and arm, then the leg and forearm and last the

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To the Editor: —All instructors in the study of obstetrics should be urged to teach the necessity of examining every infant on delivery, for a possible congenital dislocation of the hip. It is not difficult to detect this abnormality with sufficient surety, to indicate the necessity of a radiographic demonstration to decide the diagnosis. Lay the infant on a table and hold the infant's pelvis secure with one hand placed over the front of the pelvic brim. Grasp the femur at the condyles and shove upward and then pull downward. If the head of the femur is not in the acetabulum, the head of the bone may be moved up and down on the dorsum of the ilium from 1½ to 2 inches without moving the pelvis. Next turn the infant on one side and over the gluteal muscles palpate the head of the femur with one hand, while gently

With the exception of the use of a paraffin mixture by Howard Fox 1 and the employment of the roentgen ray, 2 no advance in the treatment for herpes zoster has been made until recently. Five years ago, Spillmann and Raspiller 3 first employed autohemotherapy for the treatment of patients with herpes zoster. Their results, together with those of Parisot and Simonin, 4 Drouet and Vernier 5 and Etienne, were reported at the Nancy reunion of dermatologists. Wintzer 6 also collected reports of a number of cases at Nantes in which the treatment was similar. Barrio de Medina 7 reported a case from Madrid. All of these patients responded favorably to this new method of treatment. Autohemotherapy, first used in dermatologic conditions by Ravaut, 8 closely followed by Spiethoff, 9 consists in the withdrawal of blood as for a Wassermann reaction and its injection into the patient's gluteal muscles, preferably

Badgley 390 reviews the theories of the cause of congenital dislocation of the hip and discusses the syndrome of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. He concludes that the essential feature for his thesis is the evidence of a primary anterior displacement of the head associated with external rotation of the femur. Failure of normal rotation of the limb bud during embryologic life results in anteversion of the head and neck of the femur. Anteversion of the head produces the flat socket. The neck of the femur lies against the posterior rim of the socket, with the greater trochanter posteriorly. Hypoplasia of the posterior rim results from this faulty pressure. The flat socket does not maintain the head in position. A gradual posterior displacement of the head and neck occurs as a result of the greater posterior angle of the os innominatum and the pull of the gluteal muscles. Gill 391 analyzes and

Many cases of low back pain are caused by hyperextension of the lumbosacral part of the vertebral column. They are associated with signs of compression or irritation of the lumbar or sacral nerve roots and with pain radiating down the course of the sciatic nerve. The history frequently reveals an injury, as from lifting, and examination reveals local muscle spasm. The conservative program of treatment for this condition consists of five successive steps: maintenance of proper position while lying in or getting out of bed, next certain exercises of abdominal and gluteal muscles in bed, then certain exercises while standing and walking, later more strenuous exercises in the lying and standing positions, and finally attention to specifc postural problems related to the patient's occupation. He must learn ways to carry out his normal work without extending the lower segments of his vertebral column. The crux of the program is the pelvic tilting associated with this undesired extension. Two case histories illustrate the effectiveness of the program. Of 247 patients with low back pain and sacral or lumbar radiculitis, only 18 failed to respond to this conservative treatment.

THE operation explained in this paper, a sliding gluteal muscle graft, has gradually evolved to its present completed state, commencing in 1942 to 1943 at the United States Naval Hospital, Mare Island, Calif., where I first devised and used it. Initially used as a closed procedure when the extensive involvement of tissue prevented closure by any other means, the merits of the procedure and its improvements finally permitted its use in all cases. The purpose of this article is to describe the technical details of the operation and the surgical principles it entails. A combined method of management of pilonidal sinus and a review of ninety-two successful operations demonstrating its applicability accompany as a separate article. It is, therefore, no hurried judgment that asks for counsel, and, though improvements may yet occur, I believe that no considerable change is indicated. Numerous articles describing various operations for pilonidal sinus group them

Many approaches to the hip joint have been described. All have advantages and disadvantages. It is safe to say that at the present time the Smith-Peterson approach is used most widely by American orthopedic surgeons. This approach appears to give a maximum visualization of the hip joint with a minimum of operative trauma. However, some disadvantages of the approach are inevitably apparent. There is often adherence of the scar to the iliac crest. Weakness of the gluteal muscles, particularly of the abductor and internal rotator muscles, is always present to some degree because of the reflection of the gluteal origins from the iliac surface. Hemorrhage is at times formidable with the section of muscles and tendons necessary to open the field. Institution of mobility of the joint is always delayed because of the necessity of allowing healing of the replaced soft tissues. With the recent use of metal fixatives to

The following is a report of two successful hip-joint amputations performed by the writer on the same morning, at the S. F. Polyclinic wards of the City and County Hospital. John L., aged 40, married, a sailor, with no history of heredity nor syphilis, had suffered for the past three years from hip-joint disease, resulting in ankylosis of both hip- and knee-joints, and which had been treated by extension and various palliative measures during this time. The gluteal muscles were atrophied from disuse and the gluteal fold obliterated. There was 6cm. of shortening. On Jan. 19, 1899, five or six incisions were made on the outer and inner side of the thigh and buttock, evacuating a great amount of pus which emanated from the hip-joint, which was resected two weeks later. At this time it was found that the acetabulum was badly diseased. The patient's condition was gradually getting worse

INADVERTENT intra-arterial injection of materials intended for intramuscular use is unusual but serious in its untoward effects. The author has recently cared for an infant who received an injection of benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicilllin G mixture (Bicillin C-R 600) into the gluteal muscle. From the outcome it was postulated that the medication was introduced into a gluteal artery. The marked consequences of such a procedure are reported here to add additional warning to the hazard of buttock injections. Report of a Case This 2-month-old white female infant was in excellent health until Oct 31, 1964, when she developed an upper respiratory infection. On Nov 5, 1964, she was seen by her private physician. He injected 600,000 units of benzathine penicillin G and procaine penicillin G into the upper outer quadrant of the right buttock. Negative pressure was applied to the syringe and no blood was seen in the

The demonstration by Minot and Murphy 1 that the feeding of liver brings about complete remission in pernicious anemia led to the development of liver extracts of various types, of which that of Cohn and his associates 2 is most generally used. A search for the effective substance in liver led to partial purification of the material, but these more or less purified substances developed by Cohn and his associates 3 and by West and his associates 4 have proved too expensive to be practical in the treatment of pernicious anemia. To Gansslen 5 belongs the credit of having first prepared at moderate expense an extract of liver suitable for injection intramuscularly. He injected daily into the gluteal muscles 2 cc., equal in effect to from 200 to 400 Gm. of liver. Castle and Taylor 6 obtained a maximal response in reticulocytes from a single intravenous injection of the extract

This paper deals with the results of neo-arsphenamin used intramuscularly. It is the third of a series of papers that discuss the effect of certain antisyphilitic remedies on the Wassermann reaction. A freshly prepared 3 to 6 per cent, solution of neo-arsphenamin (Metz), p H value about 7.4, was injected into the gluteal muscles according to the Rosen-Fordyce technic, which proved especially satisfactory in the younger children, whose activity was difficult to control. A uniform dose of 0.0132 mg. per kilogram of body weight, equivalent to the maximum dose of 0.9 mg. for a 68 kg. patient, was administered in a course of six injections over a period of five weeks. The strength of the Wassermann reaction was measured as described in a previous paper, 1 before treatment, at the third week and at one and four weeks