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Human factors engineering problems in man machine interfaces in space shuttle systems

Display requirements and concepts for space shuttle recovery and landing

Low visibility approach and landing simulation for jet transports

Simulator study of flight management task performance during low visibility approach and landing using baseline category 2 flight instrumentation

SST flight management simulation studies - plan and procedures for initial study during low visibility approach and landing conditions

Simulation objectives and requirements for flight management problems during low visibility approach and landing of supersonic transports

Flight management operational problems and task requirements for low visibility approach and landing of supersonic transports

Potential flight management problems during low visibility landing of supersonic transports

Baseline instrument landing system for low visibility approach and landing of supersonic transports

A study of the display requirements for final approach management of the space shuttle orbiter vehicle is presented. An experimental display concept, providing a more direct, pictorial representation of the vehicle's movement relative to the selected approach path and aiming points, was developed and assessed as an aid to manual flight path control. Both head-up, windshield projections and head-down, panel mounted presentations of the experimental display were evaluated in a series of simulated orbiter approach sequence. Data obtained indicate that the experimental display would enable orbiter pilots to exercise greater flexibility in implementing alternative final approach control strategies. Touchdown position and airspeed dispersion criteria were satisfied on 91 percent of the approach sequences, representing various profile and wind effect conditions. Flight path control and airspeed management satisfied operationally-relevant criteria for the two-segment, power-off orbiter approach and were consistently more accurate and less variable when the full set of experimental display elements was available to the pilot. Approach control tended to be more precise when the head-up display was used; however, the data also indicate that the head-down display would provide adequate support for the manual control task.