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Summary A microculture technique for mouse chromosome analysis is reported which is simple, rapid and reproducible. It utilizes 5 ml of chromosome media I A, 0.2 ml of whole blood and 0.05 ml of phytohemagglutinin P (PHAP) with incubation for 68 h at 37°. This method can be used either in individual genetic chromosome studies or for repeated experimentation in chronic studies in the same animal when sequential chromosome analyses are performed.

Acute toxicity studies on N-acetyl- p -aminophenol (NAPAP), salicylamide (SAM), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) revealed that NAPAP was least toxic (LD S o) in rats and guinea pigs while SAM was least toxic in mice. As antipyretic agents NAPAP and ASA were approximately equivalent in potency and both were more effective than SAM. A consideration of the ratio of the minimum neurological deficit doseio (TDso) and the minimum effective antipyretic dose indicated that NAPAP and ASA had a wider safety margin than SAM. ASA produced tachycardia, pyrexia, polypnea, and an increase in tidal volume. NAPAP and SAM produced little change in blood pH, tidal volume, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Myocardial depression was seen with ASA and SAM but not with NAPAP.

Although it has been assumed that the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid is not rehydroxylated by the human liver, little direct evidence is available to support this assumption. To investigate the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man, deoxycholic acid-(14)C was given intravenously to two patients with complete external bile fistulas. After hydrolysis of the bile salts and chromatographic separation of bile acids, more than 94% of the radioactivity was found in deoxycholic acid and the remainder was scattered in several small unidentified peaks, none of which was cholic acid. Approximately 85% of deoxycholate was excreted as glycine conjugates and 13% as taurine conjugates in this experiment. No detectable sulfate esters were found. These results indicate that the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man involves only the reconjugation with glycine and taurine without rehydroxylation to cholic acid or sulfation.

16 adult female rhesus monkeys received combined oral quingestanol acetate and ethinyl estradiol in a 10:1 ration, 4 received steroids in a 20:1 ration. After 6 cycles of 21 days on and 7 days off the uterine alkaline and acid phosphatases were analyzed histologically. Dose groups included: 4 monkeys given 4 mcg per kg ethinyl estradiol and 40 mg quingestanol acetate, 4 given 20 and 200, 8 given 10 and 100, 4 given 50 and 1000. Most monkeys were killed 8 days after the last dose. In the 6 controls glandular phosphatases were low in early follicular phase, highest in late follicular phase, and declining in the stratum functionale in luteal phase; also acid phosphatase appeared in the stromal cells with eccentric nuclei in luteal phase. 90% of the low and middle dose monkeys were in follicular phase and had normal menstrual cycles. Their alkaline phosphatase was greater in stratum functionale than in stratum basale, and the acid phsophatase resembled controls in follicular phase. Most monkeys given high doses were in luteal phase and their enzymes were correlated with cycle phase.

Five patients with a paucity of intrahepatic bile ducts are described. Cholestyramine, an anion exchange resin, relieved their pruritus as anticipated. In two patients, liver function and physical growth improved when the concentrations of serum bile acids were decreased to normal values. From these observations it appears that bile acids may exert a deleterious effect on hepatic metabolism.

Lithocholic acid was present in the serum of three patients with, jaundice and, in smaller amounts, in two healthy adults. This bile acid occurs naturally in human feces but induces cirrhosis of the liver when fed to a wide variety of experimental animals. The finding of lithocholic acid in blood is of interest because of its possible role in injuring human liver.

SummaryAn automated technique for the clearing and staining of fetal bone of rat and mouse in the Autotechnicon is presented. By use of the Duo-Autotechnicon, 150 rats or 216 mice may be cleared and stained on each cycle. The entire cycle on the Autotechnicon requires 72 hours and the fetuses may be examined by 76 hours after the start of the procedure. This system could also be used for guinea pigs, hamsters and chickens; rabbits were found to be too large to be practical.

Three groups of Carworth Farms rats, weighing approximately 105–120 g, were given quantities of food equal to 50, 75 or 87.5% of the amount consumed by a control group fed ad libitum. Hematologic, clinical chemistry and pathologic parameters were measured at selected intervals during an experimental period of 210 days. The principal changes that occurred, and which were most pronounced in the group at the 50% feeding level, included depression of body weight gain; an increase in erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin; elevated serum concentrations of fasting glucose, urea nitrogen; elevated activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase; increased organ-to-body-weight ratios for the brain, uterus, testes, epididymides and adrenals; and an increase in hepatic fat and in the number of iron-laden macrophages in the liver and spleen.

An inactivated vaccine including Parainfluenza-3, PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA and PASTEURELLA HEMOLYTICA stimulated good immunity in calves against an experimental shipping fever challenge. Calves were first vaccinated when 4 to 10 weeks old and revaccinated at weaning age. There were higher HI titers, lower temperatures, and less lung lesions recorded in the vaccinated group when compared to the control animals.

ConclusionThe responses to repeated identical doses of epinephrine in the same dog show marked variability. In general, cocaine does not sensitize the dog to the hypertensive effects of epinephrine injections. Neither do the doses of cocaine used, 2 and 5 mg7 kg, alter the level of the control blood pressure.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a resin capable of removing bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation by forming a nonabsorbable complex with them in the gut lumen would be effective in lowering the serum bile acid concentration and relieving the pruritus. The resin was fed to 4 jaundiced patients with high serum bile acid concentrations and intense pruritus. In each patient the serum bile acid concentrations were lowered and pruritus was relieved. In 2 of these patients, withholding the resin was associated with a prompt rise in serum bile acids and return of pruritus; refeeding the resin again lowered serum bile acids and relieved pruritus. It was thus observed that correction of the hyperbileacidemia of pruritic jaundice by resin feeding is associated with relief of the pruritus.

Although it has been assumed that the secon- dary bile acid deoxycholic acid is not rehydroxylated by the human liver, little direct evidence is available to support this assumption. To investigate the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man, deoxycholic acid-I4C was given intravenously to two patients with complete external bile fistulas. After hydrolysis of the bile salts and chromatographic separation of bile acids, more than 94% of the radioactivity was found in deoxycholic acid and the remainder was scattered in several small unidentified peaks, none of which was cholic acid. Approximately 85% of deoxycholate was excreted as glycine conjugates and 13% as taurine conjugates in this experiment. No detectable sulfate esters were found. These results indicate that the metabolism of deoxycholic acid in man involves only the reconjugation with glycine and taurine without rehy- droxylation to cholic acid or sulfation.