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SUMMARY Excessive water in the substratum inhibited germination of monogerm sugar beet seed but it was not lethal, and other crop seeds tested were not as sensitive as beet. The inhibition was not evident in a pure oxygen atmosphere and was lessened when the fruit cap was removed. Although bacterial populations on fruits absorbed appreciable quantities of oxygen, differences between populations in optimum and excessive water were insufficient to account for the inhibition. Anatomical observations revealed the presence of a pore through the sclerified fruit wall at the point of attachment to the mother plant. Evidence indicated that the pore was the route for oxygen and water uptake to the seed, and theoretical calculations of gas flux suggested that oxygen supply would be insufficient to sustain germination when the pore was filled with water.

The ion—molecule reactions occurring in C3H8(CD3)2O, C2H4(CD3)2O and CD4C2H4 mixtures have been studied by the ion trapping technique. The results indicate that C2(H,D)5+ ions produced by ion—molecule reactions in methane, by ion—molecule reactions in ethylene, and by dissociative electron impact ionization of propane react with the same rate coefficients in hydride transfer reactions (with C3H8), proton transfer reactions (with (CD3)2O) and proton transfer plus condensation (with C2H4). No significant effects are observed which can be traced to the method of preparation even though the various methods might be expected to produce ions of different internal excitation energy. Rate constants for a number of other reactions in the mixtures have been measured. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that C2H4D+ and C2D5+ react with ethylene by both H+(D+) transfer and condensation to form C3(H,D)5+, the reactions being of approximately equal importance.

Tin-119m Mossbauer and selected infrared and 1H NMR data are reported for twenty four triorganotin derivatives of substituted pyridines and related ligands, and conclusions concerning structure inferred. Mossbauer quadrupole splittings in the ranges 3.09–3.38 mm sec−1 and 2.92–3.22 mm sec−1, respectively, for the 2- and 3-pyridone derivatives indicate five-coordinate trans-R3SnX2 trigonal bipyramidal configurations at tin with planar R3Sn moieties. In the case of the derivatives of 2-pyridone, the extra coordination to give linear chain structures arises from bridging oxygen atoms, but bridging via either oxygen or the pyridyl nitrogen atom may occur in the derivatives of 3-pyridone. Similar oxygen-bridged chain structures are also postulated for the triorganotin derivatives of 2-pyridylalcohol and 2-pyridylaldehyde oxime, but lower splittings values of 2.63(5)–2.93 mm sec−1 indicate some relaxation from planarity of the R3Sn group towards tetrahedral. The splittings are observed to decrease in the order Me > Et > Pr, illustrating that the deviation from planarity and the bond distance of the coordinate O⋯Sn bond increase with the steric bulk of R. Much lower splittings of 1.60–2.27 mm sec−1 are observed for the derivatives of 2-thiopyridone and 8-hydroxyquinoline, which, with the presence of three tin—carbon stretching modes in the infrared spectrum for the methyltin compounds, are consistent with the alternative five-coordinate cis-R3SnX2 geometry at tin. The very high splitting values, together with the low values of the anti-symmetric OCO stretching vibration of the carboxylate group and the multiple tin—carbon stretching modes observed for the methyltin compounds in the infrared, have been interpreted in terms of the six-coordinate mer-R3SnX3 stereochemistry for the triorganotin esters of 2-pyridylcarboxylic and 2,6-pyridyldicarboxylic acids. The low and almost constant value of the two-bond coupling constant 2J(1HC119Sn) for the methyltin derivatives indicate that n solution either four or five-coordinate cis-R3SnX2 structures are adopted.

Summary For two years, The Garbage Project of the University of Arizona has been collecting data on household refuse in Tucson, Ariz. The study of household refuse offers several advantages as a supplement to traditional methods of collecting data on patterns of food utilization at the community level: a) it is a nonreactive measure of behavior; b) it is relatively inexpensive and demands no time or cooperation on the part of the subjects; and c) it offers the possibility of quantitatively estimating food waste at the household level. In a sample of about 300 households studied over periods of several months in 1973 and 1974, the average household wasted between $80 and $100 worth of food per year (exclusive of food waste which was poured down the drain, ground up in garbage disposals, fed to household pets, composted, or disposed of other than in the garbage can). Changes in food utilization and waste patterns from 1973 to 1974 are noted.

A roentgenographic-pathologic correlation study was done on 372 normal and 134 abnormal lymphograms. Contrast medium in the sinusoids was seen either as radiopaque rings around lucent lymph follicles or as radiopaque dots. Some nodes showed mainly the ring, others the mixed pattern. In visualized lymph nodes involved with Hodgkin's disease, most subtypes demonstrated irregular filling defects. Most forms of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially the lymphocytic and mixed cell types, present a homogeneous appearance, all abnormal nodes exhibiting similar abnormal filling defects.

I. A method is described for the estimation of the microbial and dietary protein entering the small intestine of sheep, based on an intraruminal infusion of [s5S]sulphate, and isolation of the labelled microbial protein. 2. Samples of the microbial fraction contained in duodenal digesta were isolated by highspeed centrifugation and a scheme of analysis was devised for the determination of the specific activity of the methionine in the microbial fraction and the duodenal digesta. 3. In the absence of dietary methionine in duodenal digesta, it was postulated that the ratio of the specific activities of microbial methionine (M) and digesta methionine (D) should equal I. Using two purified diets containing urea as the sole source of nitrogen, the M : D ratio was found to vary from 0.94 to 1.08 (mean 1.01 4. Addition of known quantities of dietary protein to labelled duodenal digesta obtained from one sheep fed on a non-protein diet increased the M:D ratio. Prediction of the dietary protein present from changes in the M : D ratio gave satisfactory agreement with the amounts of dietary protein known to be present (96-101 % of known value, mean 98-4 i1.24 %). 5. When animals were fed hourly the M:D ratio remained reasonably constant throughout 24 h. In contrast, with twice-daily feeding the M : D ratio varied markedly throughout the 24 h. However, summation of the estimates made of the flow of microbial and dietary protein into the duodenum in each z h period throughout 24 h agreed closely with the estimates made from samples withdrawn from the accumulated flow of digesta over the whole 24 h period. 6. The method was finally adapted to situations with either frequent or infrequent feeding patterns, and the need for a priming infusion period of 16 h before the collection and sampling of duodenal digesta was established. 0.01).

Lobular carcinoma may arise within the epithelial component of fibroadenoma of the breast, as evidenced by 5 cases reported from the files of the Mayo Clinic and 21 cases cited in the literature. The 5 cases reported here occurred in a series of 4000 cases of fibroadenoma during a 43-year period. Lobular carcinoma is the more frequent type to be seen in fibroadenoma (in 22 of 26 cases); it usually develops in situ. Extra-adenomatous carcinoma of the ipsilateral breast was identified in 11 of 26 cases, and 3 cases of contralateral carcinoma were noted in the entire series. Thus, lobular carcinoma arising within the epithelial component of a fibroadenoma has biological features similar to the behavior of lobular carcinoma of the breast in general. The prognosis has been favorable; lesions are usually encountered early; in only 2 of 26 cases were there axillary metastases.

The ion-molecule reactions of the molecular ion in isobutene have been studied as a function of ion kinetic energy. At low ion energies C 4 H 9 + is the major (ca. 92%) reaction product with minor yields of C 5 H 8 + , C 5 H 9 + , C 5 H 10 + , C 6 H 11 + , C 6 H 12 + , and C 7 H 13 + . At ion exit energies greater than 2eV the yields of all these products decrease and a number of low mass products, particularly C 3 H 5 + , C 4 H 7 + , and C 2 H 4 + , show increasing yields with increasing ion exit energy. These products result from reactions which are endothermic for ground state thermal energy reactants. The rate coefficients for reaction of the major primary ions with isobutene have been measured using an ion trapping technique. Most of the rate coefficients are distinctly lower than the calculated collision rate coefficients.