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A family is described in which the propositus and his mother possess identical skeletalanomalies of the fingers and toes. Cytogenetic investigation revealed an abnormal No. 3 chromosome in both peripheral lymphocytes and fibroblasts of these individuals On the basis of morphologic, autoradiographic, and measurement data, this chromosome is interpreted as representing a pericentric inversion of a No. 3.

The present study is concerned with the mechanisms responsible for the high minute ventilation of patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis and with the role of the inordinate work of breathing in limiting their ventilatory responses. The basis for the high ventilation was investigated by experimentally modifying the ventilatory stimuli. The role of the excessive work of breathing was assessed by determining the relationship between minute ventilation and work during carbon dioxide breathing. The results indicate that the high minute ventilation of patients with diffuse fibrosis ordinarily arises from an abnormally large number of afferent nervous impulses reaching the respiratory center from the lungs and/or respiratory muscles. In certain patients, i.e., those with low buffering capacities and/or marked hypoxemia, and under certain conditions, i.e., exercise or bronchial obstruction, this heightened ventilation may be increased further by chemical stimulation. The abnormally high work of breathing does not appear to limit the ventilatory responses of the patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.

Another method for making electrolytic hygrometers is described, together with detailed measurements of their characteristics. The hygrometer is well fitted for continuously recording the water content of suitable gases in ranges down to a few parts per million. An instrument is described for making rapid specification tests on cylinders of the refrigerant dichlorodifluoromethane.

The incidence of postoperative wound infection in a general surgical unit is reported both before and after transfer from a "Nightingale" type multibed ward to a new "race-track" type of surgical ward with controlled ventilation and with 40% of its beds in single rooms. Following transfer postoperative wound infection was reduced by about 55%.With the use of certain types of staphylococcal infection as an index of cross-infection it was shown that transfer was followed by a 72% reduction in cross-infection of wounds.A case is made for control of hospital cross-infection in surgical wards. The principal change in ward architecture resulting from the transfer was the extensive division of ward space into separate compartments (40% of single-bed rooms), which make controlled ventilation easier.

1. (1) As a sequel to epidemiological studies of malaria in a low-lying coastal region of Tanganyika in 1952, further similar observations were carried out at an altitude of 3,500 feet in Uganda in 1953. 2. (2) Malaria was holo-endemic and the inoculation rate, derived from parasite indices, estimated at about one infection every 2 months. 3. (3) The densities of the vector mosquitoes, A. gambiae and A. funestus, were comparatively low but their infection rates high. The estimated inoculation rate from entomological data was of the order of one infection every 3 days. 4. (4) Survival rates of the vector species, estimated by two different methods, were high especially in A. gambiae. 5. (5) An analysis on numerical lines of the transmission of malaria in the district under study has been made and the implications of the findings in relation to control by insecticides are discussed.

The i.r. and Raman spectra of Co(π-C3H5)(CO)3 are reported, and an assignment proposed. The vibrations of the Co(CO)3 portion of the molecule can be assigned assuming a [local symmetry] of C3v, in contrast to the molecule Mn(π-C3H5)(CO)4, where the overall symmetry had to be used.

Analyses of approximately 2600 living balsam fir, examined at seven localities in the Atlantic Provinces, established that, after adjustment for age, differences in the amount of cull existed between some of the localities. The analyses indicated that the effect of age on trees between 60 and 120 years of age is expressed mainly in the number of trees infected with decay, although in some areas it also has an effect on the amount of butt cull in infected trees. Differences in the amount of trunk cull between localities could be attributed to differences in the number of trees possessing this type of decay. No significant effect of age on the amount of trunk cull in infected trees was found in any locality, nor were there any differences in the amount of trunk cull in these trees among localities. Differences in the amount of butt cull were caused both by the number of trees infected with butt rot and by the amount of cull in infected trees. Some factors have been enumerated which require further study before the causes of such differences can be determined. It is felt that a critical study of the infection courts may disclose reasons for differences in the amount of trunk infection. Butt rot relationships appear to be more complex and an understanding of the causes of the variations encountered can be determined only after further intensive studies.

Prenatal detection of genetic disorders by amniocentesis in the second trimester of pregnancy, followed by studies of amniotic fluid cells, has added a new dimension to genetic counseling. This paper reviews the technique, indications, results, and complications, with emphasis on the problem of interpretation of results, particularly in the detection of fetuses with metabolic diseases.

The use of commercial clear Perspex as a radiation dosimeter in a Co60 sterilizing plant is described. The method is satisfactory and offers certain advantages over other dosimeters.

Three verified cases of congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula have been described, bringing the total reported cases to forty-six. The combination of a machinery murmur in an unusual location, catheterization evidence of a left to right shunt, and opacification of a dilated coronary artery by angiography confirms the clinical diagnosis. Surgical correction has proved to be safe and effective. The number of surgical cures (including two cases reported herein) now totals fifteen cases with one death due to surgery.

Although Turner's syndrome is usually associated with a spectrum of phenotypic abnormalities, the relatively constant features are short stature and the absence of breast development, menstruation, and fertility. An unusual exception to this general prognosis was the case reported by Bahner, et al.1,2 Their patient had short stature and a low occipital hairline; she was chromatin negative and karyotypically XO in cultures of bone marrow, skin, and both ovaries. She showed normal sexual maturation and at age 31 years delivered a normal male infant. The present report describes a chromatin negative patient who exhibited spontaneous breast development at age 12 years. This prompted a histologic and chromosomal investigation, the results of which are discussed below.

The cultural contribution of memoirs and records such as these of Professor Loye Holmes Miller lies in the perspective with which they provide us. Whatever form they may take, such records heighten our appreciation of original environmental conditions, and of time, and change. Professor L. H. Miller's gift to his contemporaries, whether students of all ages or to his fellow scholars, will through this collection preserve values extending far into the future. Here is the record of a great naturalist, his observations, and his interpretations of nature and especially of the biotic-environmental changes that, for good or ill, may transpire within the mere lifetime of a man. This

This paper presents, in tabular form, the electronic factor of the electric monopole conversion probability as a function of the atomic charge number Z and transition energy k for K, LI, and LII shells. The table lists factors over a range of k/mc2 from 0.1 to 5.0 units in increments of 0.1 units and from Z = 40 to Z = 102 in steps of ΔZ = 2. The factors are calculated relativistically and include corrections for finite nuclear size and bound state atomic screening.

Female mice of the inbred C57BL/6 strain were crossed to males of the A/J strain. F1 females were backcrossed to A/J males, the backcross females were crossed to A/J males, and so on for six backcross generations. In each generation a reciprocal backcross was obtained by crossing the hybrid males with A/J females. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Spontaneous resorption in the C57BL/6 strain is determined in part by genes, recessive to their alleles in the A/J strain, which act in the mother, rather than the fetus. (2) The predisposition to spontaneous cleft lip in the A/J strain shows multifactorial inheritance. In the backcrosses, where the picture is not complicated by the maternal effect, the frequency of cleft lip reached the A/J level only in the sixth backcross. (3) In each backcross generation (hybrid mother) the cleft lip frequency was lower than in the genetically similar reciprocal backcross (A/J mother); thus the A/J mother contributes to the fetal susceptibility to cleft lip, either by providing an appropriate uterine environment or by not providing a factor, present in the C57BL strain, that decreases susceptibility to cleft lip.

Avec Anopheles funestus (qui doit lui-meme etre un complexe d’especes), les membres des especes du complexe d’A. gambiae constituent les principaux vecteurs du paludisme en Afrique tropicale. On s’accorde generalement a l’heure actuelle sur le fait que les methodes connues et essayees d’eradication du paludisme ne pourront pas s’appliquer dans un proche futur a cette vaste partie du monde ou le type principal de paludisme est le paludisme stable et ou les ressources financieres, le personnel entraine et l’infrastructure sanitaire de base dans les campagnes sont insuffisants. En outre, la resistance a la dieldrin et a l’H.C.H. est deja tres repandue dans deux des especes du complexe d'A. gambiae et on commence aussi a y voir survenir une resistance au D.D.T. Si l’on souhaite donc accomplir quelques progres substantiels pour eradiquer le paludisme de l’Afrique, il ne fait pas de doute que de nouvelles techniques de lutte contre les vecteurs sont necessaires. L’une d’entre elles peut etre representee par le lâcher de mâles steriles.Nous savons a present que le complexe d’A. gambiae est constitue de cinq especes jumelles. Deux d’entre elles sont des formes d’eau saumâtre : A. melas en Afrique occidentale et A. merus en Afrique orientale. Les trois autres sont des formes d’eau douce qui n’ont pas encore recu de noms definitifs et que l’on nomme especes A, B et C. L’espece C n’est connue jusqua present que du sud-est de l’Afrique, de Zanzibar et de l’Ethiopie et, autant qu’on le sache, ce n’est pas un vecteur du paludisme. Les especes A et B sont courantes dans toute l’Afrique tropicale et constituent, dans le complexe, les principaux vecteurs du paludisme. Si l’on croise entre elles n’importe lesquelles de ces cinq especes, on obtient une generation F1 viable dans laquelle les mâles se montrent steriles (a des degres differents suivant les especes parentales en cause dans le croisement) tandis que les femelles ont une fertilite presque normale. Certains de ces croisements, en particulier ceux mettant en cause les mâles des especes A et B et les femelles d'A. melas et d'A. merus , produisent une generation F1 ou le taux des sexes est tres perturbe puisqu’elle est presque exclusivement composee de mâles steriles.Ces hybrides mâles steriles ont ete utilises dans de nombreuses experiences de laboratoire. Les premieres consistaient a ajouter des adultes mâles steriles en proportions variees dans de petites cages contenant des mâles et des femelles normaux. D’autres s’adressaient a des larves du premier stade provenant de croisements connus pour produire principalement des mâles steriles et un tres petit nombre de femelles ou meme pas du tout, que l’on ajoutait en proportions variees dans des recipients contenant des larves du premier stade d’une seule espece. Les larves etaient elevees ensemble jusqu’au stade adulte et les adultes etaient conserves ensemble dans des cages. On les maintenait ainsi pendant quelques jours, dans les deux categories d’experiences, les femelles etaient nourries de sang et isolees par la suite chacune dans un tube contenant de l’eau. On conservait les pontes pour voir si elles allaient eclore.Les resultats montraient de facon concluante que les mâles hybrides steriles etaient tres competitifs avec les mâles normaux et que meme lorsqu’ils etaient en proportions peu elevees (meme en des proportions moindres que la moitie), ils reduisaient de facon significative le nombre des pontes viables obtenues par des femelles avec lesquelles ils avaient ete eleves.Mais il restait a savoir si de tels mâles steriles introduits dans des populations naturelles seraient egalement competitifs et a etudier cette possibilite par une petite experience de terrain qui fut effectuee en Haute-Volta a la fin de 1968. La, deux colonies de laboratoire etablies depuis longtemps, l’une de l’espece B et l’autre de l’espece A. melas , furent croisees en masse en choisissant les mâles de la. premiere espece et les femelles de la derniere. Ce croisement produisit une generation F1 presque entierement composee de mâles steriles. On ne poussait en fait l’elevage de la generation F1 que jusqu’au stade nymphal et les nymphes etaient deposees dans des collections d’eau naturelles et artificielles, dans de petits villages isoles et autour de ceux-ci pres de Bobo-Dioulasso, qui contenaient une population pure de l’espece A. On commenca les lâchers au debut de la saison seche dans une population en voie de declin. Quelque 300.000 nymphes furent lâchees pendant une periode de deux mois, mais il est douteux que les nombres aient ete adequats au cours du premier mois. Durant la majeure partie de cette periode de deux mois, 75 % des mâles captures dans les cases et dans les lieux de repos exterieurs furent identifies par dissection comme etant des hybrides mâles steriles relâches. La majorite des femelles capturees dans les cases du village apres les lâchers de nymphes continuerent cependant a deposer des œufs fertiles, la proportion d’œufs demeurant steriles n’etant que tres legerement superieure a celle du village temoin.Un certain nombre de facteurs doivent avoir contribue a ce manque significatif d’accouplements entre les mâles steriles introduits et les femelles naturelles. Il peut s’agir d’une modification hostile du climat au moment du maximum des lâchers de nymphes, des conditions relativement artificielles dans lesquelles les mâles steriles furent eleves jusqu’au stade nymphal et peut-etre aussi d’une periode trop courte des lâchers. On pense cependant generalement que le comportement d’accouplement des mâles steriles, bien que ceux-ci soient tres competitifs dans les conditions confinees d’une petite cage de laboratoire ou n’existent que des populations specifiques conditionnees a la vie dans de telles cages, n’est pas le meme dans les conditions naturelles en raison du comportement naturel d’accouplement des populations sauvages. De plus, l’utilisation d’un croisement entre deux especes pour lutter contre une troisieme peut etre responsable de l'apparition d’une nouvelle barriere empechant l’accouplement entre deux mâles steriles et femelles naturelles.

The infra-red spectra of As(SiH 3 ) 3 and Sb(SiH 3 ) 3 in the vapour and the solid states have been observed in the range 250–4000 cm −1 ; the corresponding spectrum of liquid Sb(SiH 3 ) 3 is also reported, and the Raman spectra of liquid As(SiH 3 ) 3 and Sb(SiH 3 ) 3 at −60° have been obtained. The combined results provide evidence that the AsSi 3 skeleton is planar, but do not make it possible to distinguish between the planar and pyramidal models for the SbSi 3 skeleton.

Experimental huts similar in construction to the dwellings commonly used in East Africa, but with exit window traps, were sprayed with various formulations of the three residual insecticides, DDT, BHC, and dieldrin, and the effect on the A. gambiae and A. funestus entering them was observed.The almost complete absence of kill recorded by Muirhead Thomson (1950) in experiments in similar huts in Tanganyika treated with DDT Ditreen was not confirmed by these experiments.A significant proportion of the A. gambiae and A. funestus entering huts treated with DDT did, however, escape unharmed, even immediately after treatment, whereas with the other insecticides, BHC and dieldrin, none of these mosquitos escaped the effect at least in the first month after treatment.In preliminary experiments in which observations were carried on for nine months after treatments, BHC P.530 still showed some effect after seven months. This was almost certainly due to the fumigant effect of the small amount of insecticide still remaining below the wall surface. The irritant properties of the two DDT formulations, Ditreen and the oil-bound suspension “Supona” D, still existed after nine months.In a second group of experiments, dosages of less than 80 mg. DDT and less than 60 mg. BHC (8 mg. of the gamma isomer) per sq. ft. gave over 50 per cent. kills of A. gambiae and A. funestus for only one month.In a third group of experiments, using two formulations of BHC, five of DDT, one of a mixture of DDT and BHC and one of dieldrin:—(a) Dieldrin was by far the most efficient insecticide and gave very high kills for over seven months.(b) The DDT formulations, Murphy paste, Murphy wettable powder, suspensions of DDT crystals (c) The BHC formulations, P.520 and the oil-bound suspension “Supona” B, gave high kills for three to four months only.(d) The mixture of BHC and DDT in oil-bound suspension “Supona” DB gave the high initial kill of BHC and the long-lasting moderately high kill of DDT.(e) Against C. fatigans all the DDT formulations used in the third group of experiments gave very low kills, the BHC formulations high initial kills and dieldrin high long-lasting kills.BHC has marked fumigant and particulate properties lasting for three to four months. Dieldrin has a remarkable particulate action, which produces for the whole six-month period of the experiment, very high kills among mosquitos suspended without actual contact with the insecticidal surfaces; DDT only shows this particulate effect to a slight extent.It is probable that the differences in the toxicities to mosquitos of the insecticides used in these experiments is due partly to differences in the irritant properties of the insecticides. In the case of DDT many of the mosquitos having contact with this insecticide are irritated and escape from the treated surface before acquiring a lethal dose.

The spectral characteristics and fluorescent efficiencies for electron excitation of nitrogen and air at 600 Torr have been determined. Results are presented for the efficiency of conversion of electron energy to optical radiation in approximately one hundred resolved spectral components of air and nitrogen between 3200 and 10 800 A when bombarded by 50‐keV electrons. The total fluorescent efficiency under these conditions is (0.14±0.02)% for nitrogen and (6.7±1.0)×10—3% for air. In nitrogen the first positive (B 3Πg→A 3Σu+), second positive (C 3Πu→B 3Πg), Gaydon green, Herman infrared, and Goldstein—Kaplan (C′ 3Πu→B 3Πg) band systems of N2 and the first negative (B 2Σu+→X 2Σg+) band system of N2+ were observed. The (0–2) and (0–3) transitions of the Herman infrared system and [N I]32(2D—2P) forbidden doublet at 1.04 μ, previously unreported in the laboratory, were observed. In air the first positive and second positive band systems of N2 and the first negative band system of N2+ were observed as well as ...

Information on decay in 409 white, 653 red, and 51 black spruce was obtained at locations in the Maritime Provinces. Since the number of black spruce examined was small, this paper deals mainly with decay in white and red spruce. Gross and net volume tables are presented for white and red spruce in cubic feet and in board feet by age and diameter. The volume of decay in red spruce was less than in white spruce but, in both species, it was apparently not great enough to influence the selection of rotation ages based on the growth increments of individual trees. Butt decays were found to be more important than trunk decays in causing losses in both white and red spruce. The fungi producing white rots were the most important causes of both types of decay. Butt-decay fungi entered the trees mainly through the roots. Branch stubs were the most important infection courts for trunk-decaying fungi in white spruce, while in red spruce, wounds were as important as branch stubs. A list of the fungi associated with decays in spruce is presented.

1.1. Among 386 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis at Sea View Hospital, 12 or 3.1 per cent presented a past or present history of bronchial asthma, and 11 or 2.8 per cent, a history of hay fever. These figures approximate the incidence of these illnesses in the normal population. 2.2. Of the 11 cases with hay fever, only 2 or 18 per cent gave a history of asthma; this did not exceed the anticipated incidence. 3.3. These findings refute the reports of earlier writers that: (a) tuberculosis and asthma are mutually exclusive, (b) tuberculosis predisposes to asthma, and (c) there is a common, specific form of asthma based on an allergy to tubercle bacillus. 4.4. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a careful differential diagnosis must be made between true bronchial asthma and asthmatoid symptoms caused by organic bronchopulmonary pathology. 5.5. The allergens producing bronchial asthma in patients with tuberculosis are the same as those producing asthma among the nontuberculous. The effectiveness of skin testing with these allergens, however, may be impaired as a result of diminished cutaneous reactivity in such cases. 6.6. Asthmatic symptoms tend to improve with activity of a tuberculous process and to recur with the healing of the infection. 7.7. Asthmatic seizures are a potential source of danger to the favorable course of tuberculosis.

Studies were undertaken in Nova Scotia to determine (i) the effect of different cutting practices on the establishment of a RIBES population and of white pine regeneration, (ii) whether blister rust is a major factor in retarding the establishment of white pine regeneration, and (iii) the feasibility and cost of RIBES eradication as a direct control measure against blister rust. No relationship was found to exist between RIBES establishment and the degree of cutting. Uncut softwood stands, where white pine is the predominant species, show evidence of producing a future pine crop. Forest types supporting white pine appear to offer the best opportunities for pine reproduction where a clear-cutting operation has given the stand maximum opening. Results of the present study to date do not show that blister rust is a major factor in retarding the establishment of white pine regeneration. To eradicate RIBES from the study area by a complete systematic search required 1 man-hour per acre. Because of the small number of RIBES plants found and of the tendency for them to occur consistently in moist, low-lying habitats, a complete systematic search for these plants appears to be unnecessary. It is suggested that one man, trained to recognize RIBES and their probable location, could cover large forest tracts with a minimum of time expended in searching localities unlikely to support these plants.

The i.r. and Raman spectra of (π-C3H5) Mn(CO)4 as a solid and in solution are reported and an assignment suggested. The vibrations of the allyl group are in good agreement with those in analogous molecules, and the vibrations of Mn(CO)4 must be discussed in terms of Cs, not C4v symmetry.

SUMMARY Cholesterol and cholesterol esters have been identified on the basis of thin-layer and gas—liquid chromatographic data and fluorimetric characteristics as major interfering fluorogens in a simple fluorimetric method for determining plasma corticosteroids. In a small series of normal subjects the average concentration of fluorogen, which was not 11-hydroxysteroid, was 3·4 μg. apparent cortisol/100 ml. plasma, equivalent to 22·4% of the total fluorogen present.

The infra-red (gas- and solid-phase) and Raman spectra of GeH 3 NCS and the infra-red gas-phase spectrum of GeD 3 NCS have been recorded. The assignment of the fundamentals is discussed and it is provisionally concluded that the molecule has a bent skeleton with a GeNC angle of about 156°.

It has been clearly established that mammalian renal tubules can secrete potassium. However, it has not been shown in mammals under physiologic conditions what proportion of the urinary potassium is derived from the filtered potassium and what proportion from secreted potassium. In experiments designed to study the various factors which influence potassium excretion it has sometimes been assumed that the reabsorption of the filtered potassium is essentially complete, and that these factors exert their effects on the secretory mechanism. However, evidence for the completeness of reabsorption of filtered potassium is limited and not conclusive. The proposed tubular mechanism for the secretion of potassium is an ion exchange process in the distal tubule (1), where cellular potassium ions are exchanged for sodium ions derived from the glomerular filtrate. It is implicit in this mechanism that potassium secretion will depend in part on the availability of sodium ions for exchange. If the proximal reabsorption of filtered potassium is complete, the rate of excretion of potassium will be independent of the filtered load of potassium, providing an adequate distal load of sodium is maintained. To test this hypothesis, the glomerular filtration rate was reduced in one kidney and the rate of excretion of potassium from this kidney was compared to that of the control kidney, during both high and low rates of sodium excretion.

The predictions of asymmetric collective models with pure quadrupole, pure octupole, and mixed quadrupole-plus-octupole shapes are developed for negative-parity states in deformed even nuclei in an effort to determine the usefulness of the asymmetric model as a tool to distinguish surface shapes. The models are applied to the data for $^{228}\mathrm{Th}$, $^{232}\mathrm{U}$, and $^{234}\mathrm{U}$, and the comparison indicates that the energy and electric quadrupole branching-ratio predictions are independent of surface-shape multipolarity.

The renal action of parathyroid extract has been studied in the chicken, in which a renal portal system facilitates separation of renal tubular from systemic and glomerular effects. It was found that net secretion of phosphate occurs in the chicken kidney both at endogenous plasma phosphate levels and during the infusion of phosphate. The rate of secretion seems to be independent of the plasma phosphate concentration. Infusion of parathyroid extract into one renal portal system results in a unilateral increase in phosphate excretion. In some experiments unilateral net secretion of phosphate occurred. No consistent changes in glomerular filtration rate or plasma phosphate concentration occur when parathyroid extract is administered. These results indicate that parathyroid extract has a direct action on the renal tubule in the chicken.

A family possessing two mongoloid sibs and three balanced heterozygous carriers for a non-centric translocation between the long arm of a No. 21 and long arm of a No. 22 chromosome, yielding a medium-size acrocentric marker, is presented. In addition, the mother of the propositi, her brother and mother possessed a small, satellited centric fragment which is presumed to be the reciprocal element of the translocation.