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The study investigated the relationship of selected situational attitudes toward food to the subcultural variables of religious locality, race, and age of homemakers in 2 Louisiana communities. A systematic random sample of 362 homemakers from an Anglo-Saxon Protestant community and a French Catholic community was used. Communities were selected for being representative of a distinct subculture; a trade center for a surrounding farming area; and with a population between 4,000 and 8,000. Seventy-one statements related to attitudes about food, its selection, preparation, and service were developed to theoretically fall into the following indexes: propensity to change, convenience, frugality, concern for health, concern for social status, and sociability aspects. Religious locality, race, locality by race, age, age by race, education, and family income were used as independent variables. Some of the findings were: (1) homemakers in the Protestant community scored higher on the quality of product and concern for social status indexes; (2) women under 45 scored higher on the convenience index; and (3) increasing educational levels were positively associated with the concern for health, quality of product, and sociability indexes. (NQ)

AS AN INITIAL STEP TOWARD IMPROVING VOCATIONAL CURRICULUMS IN FOOD SERVICING, A SPECIAL RESEARCH TEAM DEVELOPED AND FIELD TESTED A SURVEY INSTRUMENT FOR OBTAINING UP-TO-DATE INFORMATION ABOUT MAJOR TYPES AND COMBINATIONS OF TASKS PERFORMED BY FOOD SERVICE WORKERS. THE INSTRUMENT COVERED THE FOLLOWING BASIC TASKS OF FOOD SERVICING--(1) FOOD PREPARATION, (2) MANAGEMENT AND SUPERVISION OF COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FOOD SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS, (3) MISCELLANEOUS TASKS OF FOOD SERVICE ESTABLISHMENTS, INCLUDING MAINTENANCE, CASHIERING, AND CLERICAL AND SECRETARIAL SUPPORT, (4) FOOD PURCHASING, AND (5) FOOD SERVING AND MENU PLANNING. FIELD TESTING WAS DONE WITH FOOD SERVICE EMPLOYEES OF A MODERN HOSPITAL AND HOTEL, UNIVERSITY DINING HALLS, AND THREE HIGHWAY RESTAURANTS. A COPY OF THE COMPLETED INSTRUMENT WAS PRESENTED. THIS VOLUME REPRESENTS PART 9 OF A 13-PART FINAL REPORT ON THE VOCATIONAL-TECHNICAL EDUCATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECT OF WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY. RELATED VOLUMES ARE ED 010 652 THROUGH ED 010 664. (JH)

The main goals of this course are to have the student illustrate the relationship between food and the cultural, religious, and economic structure of various countries of the world; demonstrate how food habits of various peoples are influenced by locale, income, supplies, and seasons; and demonstrate skill in preparation of foods typical of various countries. The course emphasizes pleasure in the discovery of new ideas, customs, peoples, and foods and is intended for the student who has mastered the basic skills of cooking. Course contents include: world food patterns; a holiday tour; and foods of other lands, including material on England, Germany, Japan, France, Italy, Spain, and Scandinavian countries. Performance objectives are prescribed and contain suggested learning opportunities and resource materials. The guide also contains a bibliography. (RL)

As part of a pilot study of the nutritional status of Mexican American preschool children attending Head Start in East Los Angeles in the spring of 1969, questions were asked concerning their families' buying and food practices. This paper reports on the information obtained from the 21 questionnaires which were returned. Answers to the following questions are discussed: (1) parents' place of birth; (2) size of the families and age of the family members; (3) parents' employment and income; (4) range of food costs per person; (5) families using food stamps; (6) how often, where, and by whom the shopping was done; (7) what influenced their food purchases; (8) types and quantities of food bought; and (9) the type of milk used and where it was bought. The pilot study indicated that these families on a very limited budget provide diets for their preschool children which are adequate in most nutrients. (NQ)

The purpose of this booklet is to describe some of the facets of the American Indian community for the teachers in the Minneapolis School System. The history and activities of the Indian Advisory Committee to the Minneapolis Public Schools are described, and a membership list is included. To assist teachers with Indian students in their classrooms, information is provided on the contributions of the Indian to American culture in the following areas: foods, medicine, inventions, and social concepts. Background information is also given on Indian religion and art, and some of the current problems of urban Indians in the area of employment are discussed. Also included are a list of Indian organizations and services in the Twin Cities and a list of programs available for Minnesota Indian students. (PS)

A food and nutrition study conducted in six different areas of one state is discussed. The youth phase of the program was designed to provide an educational program for young people from low-income families. Pre-tests and post-tests were prepared and designed to determine the effectiveness of the Tricks for Treats unit in influencing the behavior of the children which would result in better dietary habits. Each young person involved was provided with a copy of the project manual and the leader's guide was used by the person conducting the program. Program objectives included: (1) Provide education for youth in the principles of nutrition, diets, and in the acquisition and use of foods; (2) Contribute to the personal development of disadvantaged youth through improved nutrition; and (3) Contribute to the improvement of diets and nutrition of families by means of educational programs for youth. Test results show that: (1) Those participating in the youth phase of the program did change their eating habits somewhat; (2) Most of the young people in the program know what foods to eat to keep healthy; yet, almost all of the participants fall below the recommended levels in their eating habits; and (3) If the program is to serve a useful purpose, a system should be implemented to decrease the drop-out rate. (CK)

The United States Training and Employment Service General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), first published in 1947, has been included in a continuing program of research to validate the tests against success in many different occupations. The GATB consists of 12 tests which measure nine aptitudes: General Learning Ability; Verbal Aptitude; Numerical Aptitude; Spatial Aptitude; Form Perception; Clerical Perception; Motor Coordination; Finger Dexterity; and Manual Dexterity. The aptitude scores are standard scores with 100 as the average for the general working population, and a standard deviation of 20. Occupational norms are established in terms of minimum qualifying scores for each of the significant aptitude measures which, when combined, predict job performance. Cutting scores are set only for those aptitudes which aid in predicting the performance of the job duties of the experimental sample. The GATB norms described are appropriate only for jobs with content similar to that shown in the job description presented in this report. A description of the validation sample is included. (AG)

The United States Training and Employment Service General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB), first published in 1947, has been included in a continuing program of research to validate the tests against success in many different occupations. The GATB consists of 12 tests which measure nine aptitudes: General Learning Ability; Verbal Aptitude; Numerical Aptitude; Spatial Aptitude; Form Perception; Clerical Perception; Motor Coordination; Finger Dexterity; and Manual Dexterity. The aptitude scores are standard scores with 100 as the average for the general working population, and a standard deviation of 20. Occupational norms are established in terms of minimum qualifying scores for each of the significant aptitude measures which, when combined, predict job performance. Cutting scores are set only for those aptitudes which aid in predicting the performance of the job duties of the experimental sample. The GATB norms described are appropriate only for jobs with content similar to that shown in the job description presented in this report. A description of the validation sample is included. (AG)

This document summarizes the results of a project at Tulane University that was designed to adapt, test, and evaluate a computerized information and menu planning system utilizing linear programing techniques for use in school lunch food service operations. The objectives of the menu planning were to formulate menu items into a palatable, nutritionally adequate combination at minimum cost. The author did an empirical study of menu planning in the New Orleans Public Schools and found that the use of linear programing reduced raw food expenditures 13 percent over manual planning methods. (Author/DN)

The purpose of this book is to record for the American Indian children of the Colville Indian Reservation (Central Washington) some of their background. The first part of the book contains information about the history and culture of the area and provides general facts about the reservation, tribal government, conditions before the "white man" came, Indian Power (the ability to perform supernatural feats), and the procurement of food. The second section of the book contains 10 legends told by Indian people of the area. Also included is a 24-item bibliography. (PS)

The Extension Food and Nutrition Education program was set up by the University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service to assist low-income families in improving their diets. Carrying out the program on a one-to-one basis are 365 assistants who are taught the basics of nutrition by trained home economics extension agents. These assistants then go into the field and work with individual families providing knowledge, skills, and motivation to improve diets; assisting families with budgeting problems; disseminating information about institutional services and programs for the family; and helping families broaden the range of their homemaking skills. SPIFFY (Special Program in Food For Youth) groups that feed and teach children about nutrition are also available. (JB)

This report details two screening programs aimed at determining childhood nutritional problems within a given community. Discussed in section I is a simplified screening approach which involves gathering information about the frequency of specific food stuffs and food nutrients in the community; obtaining family demographic and dietary information by interview; and determining stature, weight, and head size of each child. In section II a more detailed method is treated, which requires the gathering of specific demographic information about the community, a market analysis of local food stuffs, biographic data on the child, a dietary questionnaire for the family, and a physical examination specifically designed to detect nutritional deficiencies. Sample questionnaires and tables are included. (JB)

This guide is intended as a resource document for the beginner in food services and food purchasing. The publication is divided topically by (1) purchasing procedures, (2) specifications and evaluation, (3) sources for purchasing food products, (4) storage of food products and inventory procedures, (5) type of food service management, and (6) status and future prospects of the school lunch program. (Pages 13-16, 18-21, and 30-33 may reproduce poorly.) (Author/MLF)

This booklet has been prepared as a guide to show good methods of handling and storing USDA-donated and locally purchased foods. The information was drawn from many resources and includes latest research data available on types of storage facilities and equipment needed for handling and storing foods. The material is organized in five parts: (1) receiving areas, (2) dry food storage areas, (3) refrigerated food storage area, (4) management practices, and (5) housekeeping practices. In many instances, food losses resulting from deterioration and infestation are the result of inadequate storage facilities, undesirable handling practices, and other conditions that can be corrected by following the preventive and control measures outlined in this handbook. (Author)

This report is based on a study made during the school year 1962-63. Comparison with a benchmark survey conducted five years earlier shows that during the intervening period the number of public school districts decreased by one-third, while pupil enrollment increased by about 10 percent. The number of lunches served in the National School Lunch Program expanded rapidly -- at least 20 percent -- during these five years. This report provides a current measure of the school food market, which will reflect shifts in quantities and types of foods served in school lunchrooms. It also contains an evaluation of trends in school feeding and identifies areas warranting special attention in the operation of the National School Lunch and Special Milk Programs of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The study on which this report is based was part of a broad program of research relating to the public food distribution program, which is concerned with expanding the market for farm products and improving nutritional levels among children and needy people. (Author)

These hearings before the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs are organized in several parts, of which this document is the first. These hearings begin with opening statements by a number of Senators. Following these, presentations are made by such witnesses as the following: Rev. Jesse Jackson, national director, Operation Breadbasket, Southern Christian Leadership Conference; Hon. John V. Lindsay, mayor of New York City, N.Y., accompanied by Commissioner Mitchell Ginsberg, administrator, Human Resources Administration, New York, N.Y.; Hon. Peter Flaherty, mayor of the city of Pittsburgh, Pa.; Prof. Alvin L. Schorr, professor of social policy, Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass.; Dr. George A. Wiley, executive director, National Welfare Rights Organization, accompanied by Mrs. Jeanette Washington, member of the executive committee; Robert Harris, executive director, Commission on Income Maintenance Programs; Hon. John G. Veneman, Under Secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, accompanied by Robert Patricelli, Deputy Assistant, Secretary for Interdepartmental Affairs; and others. Appended to these presentations are miscellaneous articles, publications, and tables relating to Aid to Families of Dependent Children, the Family Assistance Act of 1970, and the status of the Ten-State National Nutrition Survey. (JM)

Information about American Indians for use in Minnesota third-grade classrooms is presented in this curriculum unit completed as a requirement for a University of Minnesota extension course on Indian education for public school teachers. Objectives and goals are listed for the unit on the Indian tribes of Minnesota; a comparison of Chippewa and Sioux life styles is given; and Indian food, clothing, homes, and transportation methods are discussed. Some activities are suggested to aid student understanding of Indian recreation, religion, and creativity. Culminating activities for the unit are also listed, along with suggestions on utilizing museum facilities for field trips, methods for coordinating the Indian unit with other subjects, and questions for evaluating the unit. The 74-item bibliography contains citations under the headings, "Informative Books on Indians,""Fiction Books for Children," and "Indian Bibliographies for Children." Availabilities of related films and filmstrips are also provided. (PS)

This study sought to determine the factors associated with the effectiveness of the nutrition education program among economically disadvantaged youth of St. Landry Parish, La. Sex, race, and age differences were found relative to food consumption. Farm youth and those with gardens tended to have a better diet. (Author/DM)

Poverty among open-country households in the East North Central States (11%) was slightly above the incidence found among U.S. whites in general. Incidence of poverty was greatest among the aged, disabled, and small farmers of all ages who made farming their major source of earnings. Of the respondent households in this 1967 survey, 87% had earnings. Most respondents were nonfarmers. Although 42% received some income from a farm, only 12% got the major portion of their earnings from this source. Some 72% of poor households with heads under age 45, and 57% of those with heads aged 45-64, reported no income other than earnings, interest, or dividends. Even more received no welfare payments. In this area, where two-fifths of all houses were built before 1901, substandard housing was prevalent among the poor. In addition to the narrative portion of the text, a list of 23 references, an appendix of tables showing relative income deprivation criteria, a cross index of tables in this report with those in "Rural Poverty in Three Southern Regions," and 16 other pertinent tables are included. (Author/MJB)

Results of a 1968 pilot study of the nutritional status of Mexican American preschool children in East Los Angeles and San Diego are reported in this document. Questionnaire data collected from mothers of preschool children are presented in terms of a description of families, prenatal care, clinical examinations, dietary intakes, and biochemical determinations. (Sample sizes ranged from 8 to 41 children, depending on the intended study variable.) The study indicated, for example, that these children had adequate intakes of protein, riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and niacin but that iron intakes were low. (JB)

These hearings before the Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs of the United States Senate include testimony on the subject of research into the use of phosphates to prevent dental decay. The purpose of the hearing was to explore certain dental health questions raised during the committee's recent hearings on the Television Advertising of Food to Children. It was brought to the committee's attention during those hearings that considerable research has been conducted on the possibilities of adding phosphates to various foodstuffs--presweetened cereals and refreshment drinks--to help reduce the problem of dental decay in children. Some of the most extensive research in this area was privately conducted by the General Foods Corporation during the last decade, with the special approval of the Food and Drug Administration. The committee's hearing focuses on these studies. Representatives of the Food and Drug Administration, as well as the General Foods Corporation, testified. These witnesses included: Dr. Lloyd B. Tepper, associate commissioner for science, accompanied by Dr. Ogden C. Johnson, director, Division of Nutrition, Office of Sciences; Dr. Clarence C. Gilkes, dental officer, Division of Surgical-Dental Drug Products; Mr. Gerald F. Meyer, director, office of Legislative Services, Food and Drug Administration, and A. S. Clausi, vice president and director of corporate research, General Foods Corporation. [Two pages of copyrighted materials have been deleted from this document. Some pages may not be clearly legible due to the size of the print.] (Author/JM)

This booklet presents 18 experiments in the chemistry of food, suitable for elementary and secondary school science classes. Experiments deal with an analysis of milk, determinations of the amounts of sulfur dioxide, iron, and fat in foods, and the concentration of vitamin C in fruit juice and iodine in salt. Tests are provided for fats, carbohydrates, sugars, starches and proteins in various foods, and the presence of calcium propionate in bread. Other experiments include the identification of colors in food and factors involved in the discoloration of fresh fruit, the conversion of molasses into granulated sugar, the recovery of iodine from seaweed and caffeine from tea, and investigations relating to toasting bread and popping corn. (JR)

The handbook outlines a course of study in social studies on the kindergarten level. The overall course objective is to teach children that people everywhere have certain basic needs and wants, and that how people meet these needs depends upon their environment and cultural level. Questioning techniques are used throughout the course. Questions are provided which develop student thinking competencies such as observing and data gathering, analysis, synthesis, prediction, and value-seeking. Suggested learning activities include drama or role-playing, games, art activities, and discussion. Among the topics treated are the following: food, clothing, occupations, study of how people live around the world, community helpers, animals, and ecology. Course objectives, instructional materials needed to meet objectives, teaching strategies, class activities, and evaluation criteria are provided for each topic. (RM)

The handbook outlines a course of study in social studies for grade 1. The overall course objective is to teach children about the family's needs, the ways in which it satisfies them, and the interdependence of people in families and communities. Questioning techniques are used throughout the course. Questions which develop student thinking competencies such as observing and data gathering, analysis, synthesis, prediction, and value-seeking are provided. Learning activities suggested include games, field trips, role playing, art activities, and discussion. Among the topics treated are the following: family needs such as food, shelter, transportation, recreation, and clothes; a comparative study of American and Mexican children; and map skills. Course objectives, instructional materials needed to meet objectives, teaching strategies, class activities, and evaluation criteria are provided for each topic. (RM)

The facilities and operations of the school lunch program in the public schools of Hawaii are reviewed. Several types of school lunch programs are described including--(1) traditional school lunch programs, (2) kitchen and classroom dining, (3) central and decentralized dining, (4) home school-feeder school system, (5) central kitchen, and (6) the Waiakea plan. Consideration is then given to the problem of food poisoning, the portable electric food cart, and trends in school lunch programs. A list of recommendations is presented along with a suggested modernization program for six Kaliki schools. (FS)

With increasing requirements for food free from microbiological health hazards plus extended shelf life of refrigerated and nonrefrigerated foods, many persons will need fundamental training in irradiation techniques and methods of handling irradiated food. Special training needs and criteria for training were defined by conducting interviews with 69 persons knowledgeable in the work performed by technicians associated with food and radiation. Major conclusions were: (1) Some post-high school vocational or college training is needed, (2) Core training should include radiation technology, health physics and safety, food processing, food chemistry, and mathematics with supplementary courses in biological sciences, packaging and electronics, (3) On-the-job training should be a definite entity in the training program, (4) Technicians must demonstrate logical thinking ability, neatness, accuracy, and responsibility, (5) A 2-year curriculum offered through a technical college or community college appears to be the most feasible, and (6) Continued inservice education is recommended. The document includes sections relating to (1) personnel safety, (2) facilities, (3) a conference on training food irradiation technicians, (4) a Federal Drug Administration report, and (5) an appendix of resource materials. Sixteen course outlines are included. (DM)

A survey of home economics work with low-income people in New York State lists the types of activities undertaken in 51 of the state's 55 counties (the other four did not respond). Programs reported most often by counties were donated foods (surplus food); homemaker services programs; parent programs; and public housing tenant programs. Programs reported least frequently were food stamp programs; migrant family programs; and school programs. The use of non-professional aides in homemaker services and allied activities has greatly enriched the program, providing an intimate and informal contact with households facing particular problems. (Includes tables; map; survey questionnaire.) (mf)

This project had two objectives: (1) to identify and structure concepts and generalizations basic to teaching foods and nutrition at the college level, and (2) to test the feasibility of using a small committee of experts to develop a statement of concepts and generalizations. Both objectives were accomplished but with stated limitations. Concepts, sub-concepts, and generalizations within a college-level foods and nutrition curriculum are structured under three major headings: Food Materials, Biological Aspects of Human Nutrition, and Human Behavior in Relation to Food. These materials were developed during approximately 11 days of conference by a committee of eight experts, supplemented by three coordinators and an educational consultant. Recommendations include (1) extension and refinement of these materials, and (2) the development of test situations for evaluating the use of concepts and generalizations as a basis for teaching. (Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.) (CH)

A report is presented of the 7 American Indian tribes (Chipewyan, Yellowknife, Slave, Dogrib, Hare, Nahani, and Kutchin) of the Yukon and Northwest Territories. Described is each tribe's history, foodgathering methods, clothing, work distribution practices, social organization, and religion. A brief history of formal education among the tribes from 1894 to 1965 is given. Present conditions of the 2,352 Indians in the Yukon and 5,503 in the Northwest Territories are also briefly accounted. [Not available in hard copy due to marginal legibility of original document.] (RH)

An introduction of the curriculum guide for educable retarded children with mental ages from 5.0 to 6.6 discusses the philosophy of educating the retarded, goals, the educable program, the readiness program, use of the guide, and a suggested daily schedule. Suggested units treat the following: citizenship and patriotism, family and school, shelter, foods, clothing, transportation, communication, recreation and leisure, and seasons and holidays. For each unit there is an introduction, list of objectives, list of motivating activities, methods to develop physical, personal and social, and vocational competencies, evaluation questions, suggested visual aids, and suggested books and stories. Bibliographies for teachers and parents, a behavior rating scale, and a parent permission slip for field trips are included. (RJ)

Sixteen essays pertaining to agricultural extension education were the basis of the 18th National Agricultural Policy Conference, held September 10-18, 1968, at Sequoyah State Park, Wagoner, Oklahoma. Individual topics of papers include leadership training, Iowa State welfare, low income area community development, an urban extension pilot program, the Marion (Indiana) Community School Program, United States and foreign policy, the world food situation, trade and international commodity programs, changes in agriculture, collective bargaining for farmers, market-oriented agriculture, land diversion and supply control programs, and institutions' role in rural poverty programs. (jf)

This report describes various government nutrition programs designed to aid pregnant women and children under six. Programs described include: the Agriculture Extension Program, a home program in Alleghany County, Maryland; supplemental food programs in Washington, D.C. and Denver; and the Chicago Supplemental Food Voucher Experimental Program. Also discussed are special food service programs for groups of children away from home which are provided in Greenville, South Carolina; San Francisco; Raleigh County, West Virginia; Vincennes, Indiana; San Diego, Texas; and in day care centers at the University of North Carolina campuses at Greensboro and Chapel Hill. The appendix includes reprints of articles written by Margaret Mead and James Roper, a bibliography on food and nutrition, film suggestions, a listing of federal and state personnel involved in food programs, and examples of program materials used in the District of Columbia. (AJ)