Search

Surgery and needle aspiraton have been evaluated as initial modes of drainage in 59 patients with acute septic arthritis. Full recovery was noted in 42% treated surgically at the outset. On the other hand, 67% of those treated by needle aspiration recovered without sequelae, despite the greater prevalence in this group of adverse host factor-eg, serious underlying illness, concommitant extraarticular infection, prior arthritis in the infected joint, and recent antibiotic or immunosuppressive therapy.

The 43 cases of tuberculous meningitis treated at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, over the 15-year period from January, 1954, to December, 1969, are reviewed in detail. With "triple drug" antituberculosis therapy, 19 patients made a full recovery and seven died. Of the other 17, 11 had major permanent sequelae. There was a strong correlation between the patient's state of consciousness at the time antituberculosis therapy was commenced and the ultimate result. Suggestions are made on how the mortality and morbidity can be reduced.

The etiology of Bell's paralysis is yet unknown, and is likely to be multiple. The vast majority of patients suffering from Bell's paralysis recover spontaneously, and a certain number do not recover regardless of treatment, nor is there uniformity in the opinion as to what constitutes a full recovery. No investigation has as yet demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that any given medical treatment will alter the course of Bell's paralysis under any circumstance or prevent permanent partial or total denervation. At the present time, surgical decompression is the only treatment that deserves serious consideration; however, after a period of great enthusiasm, even surgical decompression is becoming more and more controversial. The evaluation of decompression in Bell's paralysis is as difficult as any other form of treatment. The two formidable problems are: 1) How and when are we able to recognize those cases which will degenerate? 2) How can we determine whether those cases showing evidence of degeneration will not recover spontaneously? The assumption that surgical decompression will prevent denervation has yet to be proven. The nerve excitability test as used in clinical practice is a very crude test and gives only the most rudimentary information of the functional status of the facial nerve. Tests describe a situation at a given moment and have no prognostic significance. Neither the opponents nor the proponents of decompression have been able to prove their point, and the value of decompression remains in doubt. Both a conservative and a more aggressive attitude have justification. Very extensive clinical investigations are required to prove or disprove the value of decompression in Bell's paralysis.

A rapid and simple procedure for the separation, identification and quantitative analysis of common fruit sugars and non-volatile organic acids has been developed. Acids were precipitated as their lead salts from fruit ethanolic extracts and the sugars in the remaining supernatant and washings were partitioned into aqueous methanol. These preparations with internal standards were dried and converted to their trimethylsilyl derivatives for analysis by gas-liquid chromatography. In model studies, conditions which permitted full recovery of sugars from the lead salts of acids, while minimising the loss of acids, were investigated. For fruit acids reported present in measurable amounts (10 mg/100 g of fruit), replicate analysis of aliquots from the same extract was within ±5% for malonic, phosphoric, succinic, malic, citric, ascorbic and galacturonic acids and within ±12% for quinic acid. The use of the method, its advantages and limitations, in determining individual and total sugars and acids is illustrated on some New Zealand grown fruit (New Zealand grapefruit, mountain pawpaw, tangelo, apricot). Total sugars and total acids determined by this procedure gave comparable results with those obtained by using standard A.O.A.C. procedures.

dithiocarbamoylhydrazine, on fertility in the male domestic fowl have been studied. The daily introduction of the compound directly into the crop resulted in a gradual reduction in semen volume and fertility and after 2 or 3 weeks, depending on the dose, fertility dropped to zero. Seven days after giving medium and high dosages of the compound, watery droppings, loss of appetite, loss of body weight and weakness of the legs were observed in the treated cocks. All the effects were reversible since on withdrawal of the compound full recovery and normal fertility were achieved.

1. Forty-five cases of zoster paralysis, not involving the cranial nerves, are detailed. These include eighteen cases not previously published. Of these eighteen patients, one-third were referred for an orthopaedic opinion. 2. Complete or almost full recovery occurred within a year in two-thirds of the patients. Permanent paralysis occurred in one-sixth of the patients studied. 3. Muscles that failed to recover were mainly or wholly supplied from single segments of the spinal cord; so the prognosis must be guarded in those cases in which such muscles are completely paralysed. 4. Various phenomena occurring in zoster paralysis are discussed.

Three cases of cystic tuberculosis of the patella are presented. Two of them were seen with a cyst-like cavity under intact articular cartilage. A long postoperative follow-up in both cases showed full recovery and preservation of knee function after removal of the patella. The third case showed an extensive destruction of the patella and of its articular cartilage. Although the progress of the disease was controlled by surgery and adequate medication, the function of the knee did not fully return.

Summary A metallic foreign body (rusted wire), located in the heart and causing bacterial endocarditis, was found in a 10-year-old boy. This is believed to be the second documented case in which the diagnosis was made clinically, proved bacteriologically, and followed by full recovery after extraction of the foreign body. The literature on foreign bodies in the heart was reviewed with particular reference to the various pathways by which a foreign body may reach the heart as well as the complications it may cause. The choice of treatment appears to be removal of the foreign body with the aid of extracorporeal circulation.

A method has been developed for the isolation of the glycoproteins of the parainfluenza virus SV5 using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. Full recovery of hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities was obtained. By rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients containing 1% Triton X-100 and 0.5 M or 1 M potassium chloride, it was possible to separate the two glycoproteins. Under these conditions, the sedimentation coefficient of the larger glycoprotein, virus protein 2, was 8.9 S and that of the smaller glycoprotein, virus protein 4, was 6.7 S. Each of the proteins aggregated when the detergent and KCl were removed, and the appearance of the aggregates differed with the two proteins. Both hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities were found to be associated with protein 2; protein 4 exhibited neither activity. The results suggest that in this paramyxovirus both hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities reside on a single glycoprotein. The biological function of the smaller SV5 glycoprotein remains to be determined.

The causes of tracheal obstruction in intrathoracic goiter have been discussed, with special reference to hemorrhage leading to acute suffocation. A case has been reported of acute hemorrhage into an intrathoracic goiter, leading to marked respiratory distress resulting in near suffocation. Emergency hemithyroidectomy with removal of the intrathoracic goiter led to full recovery of the patient. A plea for the surgical management of intrathoracic goiters has been made.

The use of chemotherapeutic agents has made it possible to achieve a cure in renal tuberculosis but full recovery can be achieved only by rational chemotherapy. On the basis of experience in 1401 cases of renal tuberculosis, some effective combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and certain measures to prevent side effects are recommended and a few criteria for the determination of the therapeutic result are described.

It is shown that Fe 3+ is co-precipitated by trichloroacetic acid with serum proteins, whereas Fe 2+ is not. The interaction of trichloroacetic acid and serum proteins produces a system with capacity to reduce Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ which varies between serums and decreases on serum storage especially in the frozen state. Quantitative assessments are described of this reducing capacity and of Fe 3+ co-precipitation. It is essential for full recovery of iron from serum to ensure that iron dissociated from transferrill is reduced to Fe 2+ prior to protein precipitation.

Photosynthesis was studied in sunflower plants subjected to 1 to 2 days of desiccation and then permitted to recover. The leaf water potential to which leaves returned after rewatering was dependent on the severity of desiccation and the evaporative conditions. Under moderately evaporative conditions, leaf water potential returned to predesiccation levels after 3 to 5 hours when desiccation was slight. Leaf water potentials remained below predesiccation levels for several days after rewatering when leaf water potentials decreased to -13 to -19 bars during desiccation. Leaf water potential showed no sign of recovery when leaf water potentials decreased to -20 bars or below during desiccation. The lack of full recovery of leaf water potential was attributable to increased resistance to water transport in the roots and stem. The resistance ultimately became large enough to result in death of the leaves because net water loss continued even after the soil had been rewatered.Measurements of photosynthesis were made at high light intensities, where stomatal aperture often affects photosynthesis, and at low light intensities, where the photochemical activity of the leaves limits photosynthesis. Providing leaf water potentials remained above -12 bars during the desiccation period and returned to predesiccation levels during recovery, photosynthesis under both low and high light paralleled the recovery in leaf water potential after rewatering. After desiccation to leaf water potentials below -12 bars, recovery was incomplete under high light and could be attributed to lack of full stomatal opening. Lack of full opening persisted for 3 days and showed no sign of eventual recovery even though leaf water potentials recovered fully. Under low light, however, recovery in photochemical activity was complete within 15 hours after desiccation to leaf water potentials as low as -17 bars.

Europe, traditionally the breeding ground for basic scientific research until the 19309s, is only now approaching full recovery from the devastating effects of the war. Great Britain has a more stimulating climate for research, a more progressive graduate-school program, and a more flexible professorship structure than any other country of Europe. Germany still has several years to go before the effects of the war will be obliterated. In most northern European countries, the organization and support of academic research ranges from good to excellent, and a stimulating intellectual atmosphere exists. Germany is rapidly contending for the lead in basic research along with England and Sweden, which are now in the forefront. The Netherlands is typified by superb organization, and most of the Scandinavian countries are high in quality if not always in quantity of research. France is characterized by brilliant individual contributions but over-all falls far short of her potential for scientific research. Switzerland, a highly industrialized country, is geared primarily for engineering and does not compete as highly on basic research as might otherwise be expected. Italian research is good in certain areas but is plagued by a number of difficulties that retard progress. Nevertheless, there are encouraging efforts being made in Italy to develop some good scientific programs. In the south of Europe the situation is generally discouraging and will continue to be so, except where a few dedicated, brilliant individuals are making good contributions with the meager resources available. Europe will continue to be a tremendous scientific manpower reserve for the United States, and, despite accusations of proselyting, the fact remains that in many European countries the employment possibilities are not commensurate with the production rate of scientists and engineers. If the universities of Europe would realign the professional structure of their departmental staffs and extend their graduate curricula they would give far more opportunity to young research scientists and make better use of their facilities. America can indeed be grateful to Europe for a great cultural and academic heritage, and one can sincerely hope that close cooperation in science will take place for many years to come.

Actinomycin D inhibits RNA synthesis on the lateral loops of newt lampbrush chromsomes. Partial inhibition does not provoke marked morphological alteration of ordinary lateral loops, most of which recover to the full their capacity for RNA synthesis within 2 days of treatment. However, occasional ordinary loops do not recover completely within the first few days after treatment, and in such loops RNA-synthesizing capacity is restricted to a region adjoining the thinner insertion in the parent chromomere. A greater degree of inhibition of RNA synthesis is accompanied by loss of matrix from ordinary lateral loops, and in the extreme case the loop axes retract to their parent chromomeres and neighbouring chromomeres coalesce; for the ordinary loops, full recovery from this stripped condition is nevertheless possible. Some 20 μ per loop extends during the first day following exposure to actinomycin, and normal morphology and RNA-synthesizing capacity are regained within 2–4 days. The giant granular loop of Triturus cristatus cristatus chromosome XII responds to extreme actinomycin D poisoning in different fashion. Matrix does not at once slough off its loop axis, but the loop present at the time of treatment is progressively replaced by a new granular loop which develops between the parent chromomere and the original loop’s dense tip. These observations support the theory that the DNA-containing axes of all lateral loops of lampbrush chromosomes continually extend from their parent chromomeres, engage in RNA synthesis while extended, and carry the associated RNP matrix along as they move towards the return insertions in the parent chromomeres, where loop axis retraction occurs.

In a senes of 155 infants and children, relaxation for endotracheal intubation during the period of induction of anaesthesia was attained by giving succinylcholine in the form of Anectme intramuscularly In forty conscious patients the intramuscular Anectine was given first, followed by induction with some anaesthetic mixture by mask, but most patients were rendered unconscious before the injection, which was mainly with cyclopropane. If the appropriate dosage of Anectine was given, all the patients were fully relaxed within two to three minutes after the intramuscular injection, and could be easily intubated. This kind of induction was found to be especially useful in grave risk patients and cardiac surgery. The 10 per cent solution of Anectrne containing 100 mg./c.c. was used in most patients. It was found to be more effective than the 2 per cent solution, containing 20 mg./c.c. The intramuscular doses of Anectrne necessary for intubation were: 11/2 mg./lb of body weight in children three years old and younger, 2 mg/lb, of body weight m children four years: and older The full recovery of respiration ensued within 25 minutes of the intramuscular injection.

IN RECENT years we have had the opportunity to study a large family, many of whose members develop an acute, intermittent cerebellar ataxia. The disorder is so common in this kinskip, particularly in childhood, that it is easily recognized by the family and often no medical attention is sought, experience having taught that full recovery will follow without specific treatment. However, 11 patients have been hospitalized and studied at the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans. Affected members have more frequent, more prolonged, and more severe attacks in childhood. The youngest patient was 17 months old at the onset of his first attack. We do not have hospital or clinic records to document any attacks after 15 years of age, but family members give consistent and graphic reports of milder forms of the disorder occurring from the ages of 15 to 60 years. The clinical picture in the

Measurements of residual resistance have been used to study the recovery of high-purity potassium wires deformed at 4·2 K and below. Details of the full recovery spectrum are given in this paper. The recovery is completed by a wide stage (at about 150 K) which arises from the final annealing of dislocations, but the main feature of recovery is a large stage (accounting for about 40% of the recovery) centred at 15 K. Point defects anneal in this stage by a process which involves several mechanisms, discussed in the following paper. The parameter of chief interest in the recovery process is the migration energy of the monovacancy, E 1v M. The value for this, which proves to be almost independent of the model, is 0·034±0·006 eV, as compared with 0·071 eV, a value recently calculated by Torrens and Gerl. Evidence is given of an anomalous difference between the properties of vacancies in potassium and in sodium.

Papillary muscles from the right ventricle of the cat were subjected to periods of anoxia ranging from 15–60 minutes with and without glucose in the Krebs-Henseleit (bicarbonate) solution. Under aerobic conditions glucose was not required in the medium for the maintenance of contraction strength. Under anaerobic conditions the contraction strength decreased rapidly and after 30 minutes of oxygen deficiency contractile activity ceased. Reintroduction of oxygen after 15 minutes of anoxia resulted in full recovery of contraction strength for both control and glucose deficient muscles. After longer periods of anoxia, aerobic recovery was greater for muscles with glucose present during the anaerobic period. Little aerobic recovery was noted for muscles in glucose deficient medium during the 60 minutes of anoxia.

The literature on traumatic rupture of the triceps tendon is reviewed and a successful repair of a ruptured triceps tendon, using a proximally based flap of brachial fascia, is reported. A fall on the extended upper extremity combined with a direct blow in the region of the tensed triceps tendon is the usual injury causing rupture. With prompt repair and immobilization in extension for three weeks, full recovery, can be anticipated.

A case diagnosed clinically as encephalitis with completely flat EEG tracings recorded over a period of four weeks, is described; a complete clinical and EEG recovery followed. The rarity of flat records in cases of encephalitis, especially of such a long duration as in this case, followed by a full recovery, is pointed out. This observation indicates that isoelectric EEG's recorded over prolonged periods are not always to be considered as a grave prognostic sign.

Translocation of 14C-labeled assimilates in Early Prolific Straightneck squash (Cucurbita melopepo torticollis Bailey) through a 15-centimeter oxygen-deficient zone of the petiole was studied as a function of varying periods of anaerobiosis (N2 atmosphere). Initiation of anaerobic conditions caused an immediate and rapid decline in translocation to about 35 to 45% of the pretreatment rate within 30 to 40 minutes. This inhibition response (first inhibition response) was transient, however, and full recovery to the pretreatment rate occurred during the ensuing 60 to 90 minutes. Following this adaptation response to anaerobic conditions, translocation continued unimpaired for extended periods of time, approaching, and in some cases exceeding, 24 hours. The second inhibition response was permanent and could not be reversed by supplying air during a subsequent 20-hour period.

Europe, traditionally the breeding ground for basic scientific research until the 1930's, is only now approaching full recovery from the devastating effects of the war. Great Britain has a more stimulating climate for research, a more progressive graduate-school program, and a more flexible professorship structure than any other country of Europe. Germany still has several years to go before the effects of the war will be obliterated. In most northern European countries, the organization and support of academic research ranges from good to excellent, and a stimulating intellectual atmosphere exists. Germany is rapidly contending for the lead in basic research along with England and Sweden, which are now in the forefront. The Netherlands is typified by superb organization, and most of the Scandinavian countries are high in quality if not always in quantity of research. France is characterized by brilliant individual contributions but over-all falls far short of her potential for scientific research. Switzerland, a highly industrialized country, is geared primarily for engineering and does not compete as highly on basic research as might otherwise be expected. Italian research is good in certain areas but is plagued by a number of difficulties that retard progress. Nevertheless, there are encouraging efforts being made in Italy to develop some good scientific programs. In the south of Europe the situation is generally discouraging and will continue to be so, except where a few dedicated, brilliant individuals are making good contributions with the meager resources available. Europe will continue to be a tremendous scientific manpower reserve for the United States, and, despite accusations of proselyting, the fact remains that in many European countries the employment possibilities are not commensurate with the production rate of scientists and engineers. If the universities of Europe would realign the professional structure of their departmental staffs and extend their graduate curricula they would give far more opportunity to young research scientists and make better use of their facilities. America can indeed be grateful to Europe for a great cultural and academic heritage, and one can sincerely hope that close cooperation in science will take place for many years to come.

The practical application of masers is often hindered by saturation effects of the maser material. Any strong signal frequency (e.g., the transmitter pulse of a radar system leaking into the maser) will cause saturation. This paralyzes the maser for a period of time, too long for most intended applications. In this report, a method is described which has been used in desaturating a four-level ruby maser. The saturation is caused by equalizing the populations of levels one, two, and three of the maser crystal by the leakage of the transmitter pulse, in addition to the action of the maser pump. The application of a desaturation pulse between levels one and four will then desaturate the maser restoring the excess population density between levels two and one. In a cavity maser, full recovery of the amplification capabilities has been achieved within less than 1 msec after the maser has been saturated. Repetition rates up to 120 cps are tolerable.

CASE REPORT History .—Mrs. A. D., a widow, aged 45, consulted Dr. Peter Bassoe, Aug. 24, 1922, complaining of a severe pain on the right side of the face. The patient being unable to speak English, it was learned through an interpreter that several years previously she had come from Armenia to the United States. While in Asia, she had been well except for an attack of paralysis, accompanied by the inability to speak. Full recovery occurred before coming to America. During deportation from Armenia the patient had lost seven of her children and had suffered much mental agony on this account. Because of the negative physical findings and the previous history, a diagnosis of depressed mentality was made. In February, 1923, the patient again consulted Dr. Bassoe. The severe pains on the right side of the face had persisted. Dr. Bassoe could find no organic disease and believed the

SUMMARY Propanidid was administered intravenously in a single dose at a standard speed to patients undergoing brief dental extractions. Four groups of twenty females received respectively 5, 7, 9 and 11 mg/kg of propanidid and three groups of twenty male patients received a dose of 7, 9 or 11 mg/kg. The time from commencing injection to complete awakening and to full recovery were measured in each patient. It was found that each increase in dosage produced a significant increase in the mean duration of sleep but not in time of full recovery. There was, however, a progressive lengthening of recovery time and a significant difference between recovery following the smallest and largest doses. It was also found that the same dose in mg/kg had a shorter duration of action in males than in females. Finally, comparison of the results for patients aged over 40 years with those in patients under 30 years showed that each dosage produced a longer action in the older age group.

This work was supported in part by a Special Fellowship Award (1 F11 NB 1478-01 NSRA) from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, Public Health Service. Post-traumatic middle cerebral artery occlusion demonstrated angiographically and followed by full recovery has been infrequently reported (1, 2). We have had the opportunity to investigate 4 such cases. Three showed a collateral circulation derived from the anterior cerebral circulation supplying the territory of the middle cerebral artery, whilst in the remaining case obstruction of the middle cerebral artery without collateral circulation was present. Repeat angiograms eighteen days later in the first two cases appeared completely normal. In the third case, partial resolution was shown angiographically fourteen days after the initial episode, and in the last case repeat angiography was not carried out Case reports Case I: A. C., a woman forty years old, was involved in a brawl and was unconscious for a period of ten to twelve ho...

An earlier study has indicated that vigorously sucking babies will show a decline in rates during a 3-minute sucking opportunity, but that a forced rest period of 3-minutes between sucking periods will produce full recovery of initial rates. The current study was designed to explore temporal and tactual parameters producing this recovery. Four groups of at least 10 S s were given the following treatments: Group I continuous sucking for 10 minutes; Group II: sucking for 5 minutes, the nipple being withdrawn and replaced immediately for an additional 5 minutes; Group III: 1 minute pause between two 5-minute sucking periods. Group IV: 5-minute pause between two 5-minute sucking periods. Groups I and II showed an initial drop over the first 3 minutes and remained at a constant level for the remaining 7 minutes. Groups III and IV were not significantly different from each other and showed complete recovery of initial levels during the rest period. Recovery scems to be a function of the interval separating two sucking opportunities, and simple re-entry of the stimulus into the infant's mouth is not a pertinent factor. Two opposing response-produced processes are suggested as the basis for the initial decrement.

A prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital. 261 patients were included as study population that were referred from Casualty Surgery, Dhaka Medical College Hospital . This population represents 15.94% of the total trauma patients admitted in Casualty Department as emergency patient during the year 2009. Among them male patients were predominant (65.52%). On an average nearly 22 patients treated in a month as emergency patients. Most of the patients were between 30+-40 years and 20+-0 years age group. Aetiology of trauma according to history revealed road traffic accident as the cause in highest number of cases about 42.91% followed by machinery injury 34.86%. 41.76% of the injury managed in hand region which was highest. 34.87% of the patients were managed by flap cover and 49.42% patients required skin graft. Other various plastic surgical procedures were done in rest (15.71%) of the patients. Average hospital stay was 19.34±5.24 days among the admitted patients. Follow up of the patients showed that majority of the patients had full recovery (about 55.55%.) . DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i2.6276 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(2) : 144-149

1. Full recovery after fracture of the head of the radius in children may be expected in cases with tilting of the radial head from 30 to 60 degrees, whether treated by early manipulative or by operative reduction. 2. Manipulative reduction is facilitated by knowledge of the direction of displacement and tilting of the radial head, which can be determined by the study of appropriate radiographs. 3. When the upper radial epiphysis is completely displaced from the shaft, some permanent loss of movement is to be anticipated even when accurate reduction has been secured by operation. Early fusion and some deformity of the radial head are also to be expected. This is not surprising in view of the risk to the blood supply of the displaced head, particularly in those cases treated by operative reduction.

1. 1. Rats placed on a diet free of certain unsaturated fatty acids develop in the early stages scaliness of the skin and in the later stages necrosis of the tail. Returning the essential acids to the food leads to immediate improvement in the skin condition. 2. 2. Infants with eczema may be given plenty of fats (corn or linseed oil) rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and some of these children show improvement. 3. 3. Examination of the plasma lipids of the rats with scaliness of the skin and the infants with eczema reveals that the unsaturated fatty acids are below the average level in the majority of the cases. After the ingestion of the acids, the serum unsaturated fatty acids usually increase to within the normal range. 4. 4. The conclusion has been reached that the low unsaturation of the serum fatty acids in infantile eczema is one of the important causes of the disease. 5. 5. In order to find out the result of a further reduction in unsaturated fatty acids, such as occurs in acute respiratory infections in infants, we subjected nine infants with eczema to periods of careful observation in the hospital. During these periods all infants had an attack of an acute disease. The skin changes were watched closely, and periodic determinations of the plasma lipids were made. 6. 6. The acute infections were accompanied by a short period of improvement in the skin condition at the onset of the disease, but this was followed by a rather rapid aggravation in the eczema. The height of the infection usually marked the peak of the flare-up in the condition of the skin, and this was also the time when the degree of unsaturation of the serum fatty acids was lowest. 7. 7. The assumption, therefore, is that the acute respiratory diseases cause the eczema to become worse through the medium of depressing the serum unsaturated fatty acids to low levels, and that improvement in the skin condition takes place during the convalescent period because there is a corresponding gradual return of the unsaturation of the fatty acids. 8. 8. In some instances the eczema responded much better to therapy after full recovery from the acute illness than before its onset. 9. 9. This has brought up the question of the influence of other factors, such as the fever, on the skin condition and infers that more studies must be carried out before definite conclusions can be drawn.

Entrance block of an atrial premature beat (APB) into the atrioventricular node is demonstrated by its lack of effect on the A-V nodal conduction of a subsequent beat which is introduced before the full recovery time of the A-V node. This phenomenon was demonstrated in five patients by using programmed atrial stimulation and His bundle recordings. Entrance block into the A-V node occurred in a narrow range (28-33%) of the basic cycle length and concealed conduction occurred at coupling intervals longer than this range. It appears that entrance block of these early APBs is due to a "functional block" between the atrium and the A-V node. The concept of an entrance block into the A-V node is useful in explaining some forms of the supernormal phase of A-V conduction as well as in the interpretation of complex arrhythmias.

The question whether or not the main branches of the His-Tawara bundle are subject to the influence of the vagus nerves is as yet unsettled. Drury and Mackenzie 1 were unable to demonstrate any effect on branch conduction, either by the use of acetylcholine or by stimulation of the vagi in the neck, in normal dogs. If, however, either the right or the left branch was injured mechanically, bundle branch block complexes appeared in the electrocardiogram for a short period of time, after which what appeared to be full recovery occurred. At a critical period following this recovery, bundle branch block complexes could be made to reappear by stimulation of the vagi in the neck. The authors attributed this effect to action of the vagus on the junctional tissues, rather than on the bundle branches. They thought that vagal stimulation increased the "decrement" through the A-V node and the main bundle, and consequently the impulse arrived at the still partially damaged branch too weak to pass, whereas it passed the undamaged branch readily. This report deals with a patient, one of whose bundle branches was damaged but was still capable of fluctuation in conductivity.

Professor N. S. Shaler,1 writing of his experiences as a student under Agassiz, said: "I acquired a considerable knowledge of the literature of ichthyology, becoming especially interested in the sytem of classification, then most imperfect. I tried to follow Agassiz's scheme of division into the order of ctenoids and ganoids, with the result that I found one of my species of side-swimmers had cycloid scales ori one side, and ctenoid on the other. This not only shocked my sense of the value of classification in a way that permitted of no full recovery of my original respect for the process, but for a time shook my confidence in my master's knowledge." I quote this, because the breakdown of Agassiz's original system of classification by scales affected not only Professor Shaler, but many others, to the detriment of lepidology. Dr. Jordan, in his great work, "A Guide to the Study of Fishes" (I905), devotes only two pages to the discussion of scales, with a couple of figures. In the descriptions of fishes published by various authors, much is made of the number and size of the scales, but little of their structure, and it rarely happens that an ichthyologist even takes the trouble to remove a scale from the fish he is studying, in order to determine its characters. These remarks apply especially to the teleosts-the ordinary fishes of modern times, and it is of course true that students of the "ganoids" and their allies, mostly fossil, have never neglected the scales. The ganoids have greatly thickened scales, usually rhombic in form, which are well preserved in the rocks; as Agassiz so well insisted, they afford a most important aid to the classification of these animals, particularly in the numerous cases in which the skeleton is poorly preserved. Recent researches, while destructive to certain theories which Agassiz considered im

The report upon the shortcomings of the Malacca jurisdiction which Extraordinary Councillor Willem de Roo sent to Johan van Hoorn, Governor-General of the Netherlands East Indies, in November 1705 offered reasons for the initiative which he and his colleagues had taken in relations with the Johor Court: ‘… business in Malacca is wholly fallen into decay, with, it seems to me, little appearance of a big improvement, let alone a full recovery of the formerly flourishing trade, because people have indulgently too long allowed contracts concluded with surrounding rulers and allies to be broken without making much complaint thereupon, or themselves maintaining (the force of the contracts), principally concerning the Johorese …’

Recovery from radiation-induced damage has been studied in Rhodnius prolixus by comparing the effects of single exposures with those of fractionated exposures to the same total dose (6000 r). Immature fourth-instar nymphs, irradiated as above, showed an equal amount of recovery from molting delay (in days) with intervals ranging from 0 to 250 hours between irradiation and feeding. Recovery was most rapid during the first 16 hours. In the case of the single exposure of 6000 r, molting was reduced almost to control levels within the full recovery period of 2048 hours.

1. The technique of streak photography was modified to use seven parallel cameras, each focused on an individual root in a guide holding flowing nutrient. Streak photographs representing displacement of points on the longitudinal axis of the root were projected on the table of an image plane digitizer. The displacement data are collected on cards by an IBM 526 key punch and processed by an IBM 360-65 computer. All graphic data were plotted by an EAI line plotter having a resolution of 600 lines per inch. 2. Roots of corn held at a temperature of 25°, a pH of 5.6, with constant oxygen concentration and basic nutrient composition, were subjected to step changes in oxygen and auxin (3-indoleacetic acid, IAA) concentrations. When O2 was lowered the response of the root consisted of a large reduction in growth rate followed by a series of oscillations with a period of about 30–50 min. Step changes in IAA from 0–10-8M (or less) resulted in heavily dampened oscillatory responses as well as reduction in growth rate. 10-7 M IAA, however, elicited the initial inhibition followed by full recovery of growth rate after a few hours.

SummaryDescription of a typical case of postvaccinal encephalitis in a patient 17 years old, who remained during 21 days in a condition of total coma with complete absence of sensibility and muscle tone.For eleven days, on account of trismus and inability to swallow, it was impossible to feed the patient oven through a catheter. During that period he was given every day an intramuscular injection of 2 litres isotonic glucose and 500 cc. salt solution. During the following 15 days, he was fed through a nasal catheter.Several infections started as a result of the difficulty of swallowing, of bladder catheterization or of bed sores, but all were checked by penicillin.After a period of 21 days during which any sensation or muscle tone was absent, the restitution started and was so rapid that whithin twelve days, the patient recovered all the functions of the nervous system and his intellectual faculties. When he was discharged (11 week’s after admission) his sensibility, motility and psyche were normal. The o...

A group of 70 patients with various forms of depression have been reviewed for immediate as well as late therapeutic achievements with electric convulsive shock treatment, the efficiency of which was considered with reference to several standard criteria, chiefly derived from experiences in a clinically comparable group of 68 control patients. This study led to the following observations on the value of electric shock therapy: [SEE TABLE IN SOURCE PDF] 1. The improvement rate was 30% and the recovery rate 44% higher with than without shock therapy, whereas the increase rate of relapses or failures during the first year after discharge was almost twice as high in the controls as in the treated group of patients. 2. Marked improvement or full recovery is at times accomplished in chronic depressions of completely disabling degree, where inherent trends toward remission are apparently lacking. 3. Spontaneous remissions are markedly enhanced in degree and quality of improvement. 4. The length of a depressive e...

1. Asphyxia of rats rapidly reduces the glycogen content of the heart to one-fifth of its normal value, but only to three-fifths of its normal value when the influence of the adrenal glands is excluded. 2. Large doses of adrenaline, in the absence of asphyxia, reduce the cardiac glycogen to one-half after twenty-five minutes, but full recovery occurs in the subsequent half-hour. 3. Adrenaline therefore causes depletion of cardiac glycogen in both normal and in asphyxiated rats. The author wishes to acknowledge his great indebtedness to Professor A. J. Clark and Dr. C. P. Stewart for their advice and criticism. The expenses of these experiments were defrayed by a grant from the Moray Fund, for which the author desires to express his thanks.

1. In the intact anaesthetised or unanaesthetised cat or rabbit it is possible, by suitable methods, to estimate the refractory period and the time of full recovery of conduction (full recovery time) and the premature response interval of the ventricular muscle. 2. The measurements closely agree with those which are obtained in the exposed heart. 3. The refractory period proves too variable to be used as a comparative measurement, but the full recovery time and premature response interval show a great constancy from one animal to another of the same species. 4. The full recovery time and premature response interval are definitely changed by injection of quinidine or barium, but are undisturbed when the heart is dilated by chloroform. 5. The method allows repeated observations of these measurements to be made upon the same animal.

A case is reported of anaphylactoid response to thiopentone, used for the induction of anaesthesia for cystoscopy in a 56-year-old woman. The dose precipitating this reaction was only 50 mg and the patient had no previous history of any allergic tendency. A full recovery was made, though gastrointestinal disturbances persisted for several days. The treatment, differential diagnosis, investigations and recommendations for subsequent anaesthetic management are discussed.

Summary Studies in 30 patients with vesical lesions show that intercellular collagen is present in varying amounts. Pressure flow studies in 4 patients who had undergone vesical overdistension episodes showed full recovery in only 1 patient, with straining micturition in the other 3. In all 4, marked intercellular collagen was found in the bladder biopsies. These changes are similar to those found in the experimental model.

An epidemic involving 4 babies with neonatal meningitis due to Citrobacter koseri is described. Only 1 of the 4 babies made a full recovery: 2 others survived with severe permanent brain damage after a prolonged illness, and the fourth baby died after a short fulminating infection.

The potentials evoked at the cerebral cortex by sensory stimulation are not detectable in the usual electroencephalogram recorded from electrodes placed on the scalp. However, the evoked potentials may be extracted from the larger “spontaneous “rhythms of the EEC by applying Dawson’s( 1) averaging principle. Using averaging, we have been exploring the characteristics of somatosensory evoked potentials in psychiatric syndromes. The recovery cycle is one aspect of cerebral responsiveness which can be measured by this -approach. It is determined by administering pairs of stimuli, separated by varying intervals. The size of the second response, compared to the first, indicates the extent to which responsiveness has recovered after a given interval. We have previously reported the results obtained in an initial study of recovery function in 13 nonpatient subjects and a mixed population of 92 psychiatric patients (2, 3). The normal recovery curve to 200 msec. tended to be biphasic, with initial return of full responsiveness by 20 msec., followed by a phase of diminished recovery, and a second phase of full recovery, or supernormality, peaking at 120 msec. The main differences found between groups were in the early recovery phase. The amount of recovery by 20 msec. was significantly less than normal in three groups of patients: personality disorders, schizophrenias, and psychotic depressions. Recovery did not differ from normal in a group which could be designated as “dysthymic neurosis”; it consisted of patients diagnosed as

demobilizing mechanized forces and huge wartime industries. .Demobilizing men and machines, however difficult that may prove, is not likely to be as complex as demobilizing the ideas, concepts, and theories which led to these present wars. Recovery in these days of rapid transport and communication is bound to be a matter of world-wide dimension. It will affect all or nearly all of the two billion inhabitants of the earth. In simplest terms, world recovery should mean a recovery by all people of the opportunity to make a living, and, it is to be hoped, of an upward rather than a downward trend in the standard of living. This combination of widespread employment and a rising standard of living characterized many parts of the world in the period from 1870 to 1914. As we shall see presently, it was associated with the development of modern transport and with ideas which governed the use of transport facilities. Making a living and the standards of living are everyday matters of work and play. The conditions which govern them, however, are dynamic in that they are always changing in short-term circumstances and in long-term trends. Such circumstances and trends in part are local in character, but they also have both national and international qualities. In terms of regions, these conditions under which the game of daily life is played are both intraregional and interregional. Thus recovery in one section of the world is bound to be affected by conditions in other sections. Full recovery implies the establishment of a world order which promotes, rather than retards, the everyday welfare of the w rld's people.

Summary The treatment of injuries to the extensor mechanism necessitates a working knowledge of the anatomy, physiology, and available repair methods. The judgment and technical skill of the surgeon set the stage for recovery of good function, but wound factors, the peculiarities of extensor tendon healing, patient variations, and the quality of postoperative care will modify the potential for full recovery. Injuries are most common at the various joint levels. A discussion of the specific deformities created at each level is presented with the author's preferred method or methods of repair.

Summary: Acute renal failure due to hyperemesis gravidarum in a 27-year-old woman is described. Prompt haemodialysis led eventually to full recovery of the mother and vaginal delivery of a viable infant. Immediate intensive care with haemodialysis is mandatory if pregnancy is complicated by acute renal failure, in order to protect the fetus from the uraemic environment.