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Summary Axolotl embryos were immersed in different concentrations of chlorpromazine (CPZ) for varying periods of time and then transferred into tap water, and reared up to Harrison's stage 46. From measurements of the surface area of the head of our experimental larvae at this final stage, it was concluded that low concentrations of CPZ caused increased growth. This biphasic effect of CPZ in vivo , correlates well with the biphasic effect of CPZ on isolated enzyme systems. It is suggested that this effect may involve changes in P/O ratio as well as changes in mitotic activity.

In previous publications (Eyal-Giladi & Eyal, 1962; Eyal & Eyal-Giladi, 1963) some of the macroscopic effects produced by chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the development and growth rate of Axolotl embryos have been reported. They include different abnormalities (microcephaly, defects in eyes, gills and pigmentation) depending on the CPZ concentration used and the length of the immersion period. In addition, larvae subjected to high CPZ concentrations and longer time of treatment proved, at the time of fixation, to be smaller than the controls, whereas larvae treated by low CPZ concentrations tended to grow bigger than the controls.

Axolotl embryos at various stages of development were placed in different concentrations of chlorpromazine for varying periods of time. The embryos were then reared up to stage 46 and examined with a binocular microscope. The deleterious effect of CPZ on the embryos was found to be greater the higher the concentration and the longer the time of treatment. The following degrees in the potency of the effect were noted: (a) almost immediate stoppage of development followed by death and cytolysis; (b) development up to stage 37–38, followed by cessation of development and degeneration; (c) development to the final stage (46) accompanied by microcephaly and pronounced defects in the eyes, gills, pigmentation, and axial organs, as judged by the external appearance of the larvae; (d) development to the final stage (46) of normal larvae with a tendency to a reduced amount of melanin in the melanophores of certain parts of the body (particularly the top of the head); (e) the development of larvae which appeared to be completely normal. In the discussion an attempt was made to coordinate the arrest of development at stages 37–38 with Løvtrup and Werdinius’s respiration curve of developing axolotl embryos. It was found that these critical stages correspond to the second period of constant oxygen consumption prior to a rapid rise in respiration. The assumption was formulated that as a result of the effect of CPZ the embryos are unable to increase their respiratory rate in subsequent stages, with resultant cessation of development followed by degeneration. A comparison stressing both similarities and differences between the effects of CPZ and other teratogenic substances was made.

A patient with histologically proven coexistent Paget's disease of the bone and parathyroid adenomatosis is described. She developed coma associated with hypercalcemia and underwent successfully surgical removal of two parathyroid adenomata. The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia in patients with this rare association is discussed and the importance of early surgical treatment is stressed. A review of similar reported case is presented.

Viability of sporangia of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Phytophthora infestans was greatly reduced when sporangia were wetted for a period too short to ensure germination and then allowed to dry out (WDR treatment). No morphological changes were detected in WDR-treated sporangia by microscopic examinations, but when examined under electron microscope they exhibited partial or complete alterations of the mitochondrial inner membrane integrity, some deterioration of the plasmalemma, and extensive vacuolization.Water uptake was not affected but oxygen uptake was totally inhibited in WDR-treated sporangia and previously labeled sporangia exhibited increased leakage. No incorporation of 14C-leucine (into proteins) and 32P-orthophosphate (into nucleic acids) occurred as a result of the treatment. Adding various sugars, alcohols, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the treated sporangia did not restore their viability.It was suggested that the water stress exerted by WDR treatment primarily caused a deterioration of the mitochondrial membrane integrity, which in turn probably led to the other phenomena listed above.

Fission and complete-fusion cross sections are presented for four entrance channels leading to $^{170}\mathrm{Yb}$ compound nuclei excited to 107 MeV: $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ + $^{159}\mathrm{Tb}$, $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ + $^{158}\mathrm{Gd}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ + $^{154}\mathrm{Sm}$, and $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ + $^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$. The measured fission cross sections are 5.9 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.6, 16. \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 2., 40. \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 4., and 89. \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 9. mb for the $^{11}\mathrm{B}$, $^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{16}\mathrm{O}$, and $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ entrance channels, respectively. The completefusion cross sections for these same entrance channels are 980 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 150, 1100 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 160, 1260 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 190, and 1450 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 220 mb. The data are combined using a technique which yields the dependence of fission probability over three relatively narrow ranges of angular momentum. The results of the analysis just described are compared to a calculation based on the Bohr-Wheeler formalism for fission widths and the Weisskopf formalism for neutron and charged-particle widths. The calculations include the effects of multiple chance fission but assume that second and higher chance fission is nonnegligible only if preceded by neutron emission rather than charged particle emission. Agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical calculations is found for a ratio of level density parameters for the compound nucleus and the saddle point equal to 1.2 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1. Fission-fragment angular distributions for the four entrance channels are presented and compared to calculationsNUCLEAR REACTIONS, COMPLETE FUSION, FISSION $^{159}\mathrm{Tb}$($^{11}\mathrm{B}$, $^{170}\mathrm{Yb}$*), $E=115$ MeV; $^{158}\mathrm{Gd}$($^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{170}\mathrm{Yb}$*), $E=126$ MeV; $^{154}\mathrm{Sm}$($^{16}\mathrm{O}$, $^{170}\mathrm{Yb}$*), $E=137$ MeV; $^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$($^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$, $^{170}\mathrm{Yb}$*), $E=144$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$ for evaporation residues and fission fragments, deduced ${J}_{\mathrm{CRIT}}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{f}$.

Tritium-labelled disaggregated chick hypoblast cells were mixed with non-labelled epiblast cells and vice-versa. The mixtures were allowed to aggregate in a gyratory shaker and were transferred on to a solid culture medium for further incubation. The aggregates were fixed after various incubation times, sectioned and examined for sorting-out. There was already a tendency to sort out after 10 h of incubation, a process which was completed after 25 h. The hypoblast cells formed a continuous layer adjacent to the vitelline membrane, while the epiblast cells moved out to form the upper external layer. The position of the two layers was normal as far as the substrate and external environment are concerned, and reversed in relation to their relative position to the vitelline membrane. The hypoblast cells tended to migrate to the margins of the aggregate. The latter phenomenon seems to parallel the migration of hypoblast cells towards the extra-embryonal area during the formation of the primitive streak.

SUMMARY To determine the role of the thermal dement in the production of lung injury uncomplicated by the inhalation of fumes and soot, 18 anaesthetized, paralysed and ventilated rabbits were subjected to a steam burn of the respiratory tract. Transpulmonary pressure (difference between airway and pleural pressure) was recorded under static conditions between functional residual capacity and 40 ml above this point and the values obtained were used to calculate lung compliance. Static compliance decreased progressively with time in each of the experimental animals, the maximum decrease occurring within the 1st hour. Ten of the 18 animals died within 4 hr of the burn. There was little impairment of gas exchange. This data would suggest the clinical value of the early measurement of lung compliance in the evaluation of thermal pulmonary burns. Postmortem studies showed the presence of pulmonary oedema with intra-alveolar peribronchial and perivascular haemorrhages. The lesions were most prominent centrally, apparently because the dissipation of the heat resulted in less damage to the peripheral areas of the lung. Pulmonary megakaryocytosis was noted in seven of the experimental animals. This may have been a non-specific reaction to lung trauma.

Energy spectra and differential cross sections of nitrogen products formed in the reaction 28 MeV 11 B + 12 C have been measured using a ΔE − E counter telescope. The energy spectra are smooth and therefore indicate that the nitrogen products were formed by a compound nucleus mechanism, via the formation and decay of the compound nucleus 23 Na. The experimental results are compared with statistical model calculations and good agreement is obtained. This result provides further evidence for the importance of the compound nucleus mechanism in heavy ion reactions with light nuclei and also gives added validity to the statistical model for light compound systems.

Phytophthora infestans failed to produce sporangia on infected potato leaves under continuous light conditions. Blue light (λmax = 450 nm) was most inhibitory, while red light (λmax = 650 nm) was ineffective in inhibiting sporangial formation. Low intensity of blue light (3.7 μEinstein m−2 s−1) induced about 85% inhibition. The inhibitory effect of blue light upon sporulation was temperature dependent: it increased with rise in the temperature from 10 °C to 25 °C. 3,3,4-Dichlorophenyl-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU), which blocks the Hill reaction of photosynthesis, did not enable the fungus to sporulate on leaves under light conditions. Preceding dark treatments did not remove the inhibitory effect of blue light; this suggested that sporulation of the fungus is not a 'dark induction phenomenon.'

Lung function and structure were studied in anaesthetized rabbits subjected to endotracheal instillation of Hartmann's solution (Group I) or 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.0) (Group II) in order to differentiate mechanical effects from those caused by the chemical burn. In both groups a marked and similar decrease in static lung compliance and Pao2 was observed 10 minutes after the instillation. During the subsequent hour the measurements changed towards recovery in Group I, while in Group II they fell to approximately 50% of baseline, and profound metabolic acidosis developed. The lungs showed histological changes similar to those of the clinical acid aspiration syndrome with the possible presence of a localized consumption coagulopathy. The data suggest a biphasic response to acid aspiration. The early disturbance, independent of the pH of the aspirate, is attributed to airway closure and alveolar collapse following contact between the fluid and airway receptors, and to alveolar instability resulting from an alteration in alveolar surface forces. Subsequent deterioration resulted from the acid burn.

The distribution of tracer concentrations of rhenium(VII), copper(II), cadmium(II) and iron(III) between Dowex-1 anion exchanger and anhydrous methanol and ethanol solutions of hydrogen chloride and tetra methylammonium chloride has been studied. The effect of low (2 wt.%) concentrations of water on the distribution of copper(II) in ethanolic hydrogen chloride was shown to be small. The loading of copper(II) chloride at macro concentrations, with no excess chloride present, has also been measured for methanol, ethanol and acetone solutions. Some conclusions concerning the species formed in the resin and in the solutions could be reached.

The distribution of tracer metal ions between methanolic or ethanolic hydrogen chloride and Dowex-1 anion exchanger has been further studied with silver, and new data for perrhenate have been obtained. The data can be interpreted in terms of the ion-paired H + ReO 4 − , H + AgCl 2 − and neutral AgCl species in solution in both solvents.

Ninety-seven Awassi ewes were included in three experiments. The ewes were milked twice daily, and also suckled lambs. Three different suckling regimes (12 hours per day, 4hr. and residual milk only) and three weaning times after lambing were compared.

SummaryA newly discovered, mainly continental, deformed, Neogene formation – the Raham Conglomerate – records the early existence of the southern part of the Dead Sea Rift. The field relations, the predominance of clasts derived from formations which have been virtually completely eroded, and the presence of pebbles of Precambrian rocks, all attest that a considerable structural relief – possibly exceeding 2 km – already existed in the Middle (?) Miocene. Brackish marine fossils indicate that an ancestral Gulf of Elat (Aqaba) also already existed.