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New tectonic and bathymetric charts of the Mediterranean Sea, some results of seismic investigations, tectonic charts of Europe and Eurasia, data on volcanism, earthquakes and gravimetry are used in this paper. The different geological history is clearly expressed in the bottom topography of the Western and Eastern basins of the Mediterranean Sea. Accumulative plains occupy large areas in the Algiers-Provence and Tyrrhenian basins. Abyssal areas and two systems of deep-sea depressions are found. The thickness of the sediments vary between the eastern and western part of the Mediterranean Sea. There is no granitic layer in the deep sea parts of certain sections. The Mediterranean Sea is considered as a basin of transition type of the earth's crust. Side by side with the stabilized areas there are also some areas of uncompleted Alpine cycle with signs of transformation of the continental crust into the oceanic type. (Author), Trans. of International Geological Congress (no. 22), New Delhi, 1964. Report, Moscow, 1964 p97-113, tr. by George Synenko. Report on Problem 16, Geology of the Ocean and Sea Bottoms.