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Data have been presented on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH) isoenzymes of Schistosoma mansoni adults and cercariae. Two fractions of MDH, which have different mobilities from those of mammalian isoenzymes, have been found in extracts of the worms. Mammalian MDH 1 migrates towards the anode while MDH 2 is more cathodic. The first fraction of S. mansoni malic dehydrogenase, MDH a , is found close to the origin. The second, MDH b , moves a short distance towards the cathode. The males and the cercariae contain a greater amount of MDH b than the female worms. No difference in MDH isoenzymes was noted when normal tissues were compared with similar tissues of infected mammals. One band of LDH activity, corresponding in migration to that of the human LDH 4 isoenzyme, was demonstrated in male worm homogenates. Female LDH migrates as a streak and not as a compact band. No differences were obtained between the LDH isoenzymes of tissues of normal and infected animals. Normal and infected mouse plasma revealed a striking difference in their LDH isoenzyme content. In infected animals, the plasma revealed a great increase in the LDH 5 isoenzyme fraction with decreases in the LDH 1 , LDH 2 , and LDH 3 . The total activity showed a 10-fold increase in infected animals. This was not found to be the case when human plasmas were compared.

El presente trabajo se inscribe dentro de los estudios sobre la eficacia de la reexperimentación emocional de traumas y sucesos altamente estresantes. Específicamente se estudia el papel de escribir sobre un mismo trauma o sobre traumas diferentes sobre la salud mental y física. 37 mujeres estudiantes de psicología fueron asignadas a tres condiciones experimentales: escribir tres días sobre un mismo trauma, escribir sobre un trauma diferente cada día y escribir sobre cuestiones triviales. Como variables dependientes se tomaron la afectividad positiva y negativa, el nivel de síntomas de estrés postraumático, el nivel de depresión y el nivel de salud (autoinformado). Se llevaron a cabo mediciones sesión a sesión y a los dos meses. Los resultados indicaron que la afectividad negativa disminuyó y aumentó la afectividad positiva, sesión a sesión. A los dos meses se observó una disminución significativa de la sintomatología de estrés postraumático y de la salud física para el grupo que escribió sobre el mismo trauma, en comparación con los otros dos grupos. El nivel de depresión también disminuyó, tanto para el grupo que escribió sobre el mismo trauma como para el que escribió sobre traumas distintos. A pesar de que el modelo de la exposición cognitiva es el que consigue un mayor apoyo, los resultados se discuten de acuerdo a nuevos modelos explicativos más comprehensivos.

The Xenopus laevis egg jelly becomes swollen in different solutions: however; the degree of swelling of each of the three jelly layers and appearance vary depending on the medium. On eggs kept in a medium of low salt concentration, three sublayers of layer J-3, the “J-3 complex,” are visible. However, these sublayers cannot be distinguished in eggs hydrated in DeBoer's. Presence of the J-3 complex is correlated with loss of egg fertilizability. Changes in the swelling of the jelly, disappearance of the J-3 complex and regaining of egg fertilizability are brought about by brief exposures of the hydrated eggs to DeBoer's. The process that elicits these changes in the jelly was named “jelly reversal.” Jelly reversal is dependent on the solute concentration of the medium, is independent of pH and can be elicited by qualitatively different solutions. Non-polar solutions act more slowly than those of polar solutes. Regaining of egg fertilizability is dependent on jelly reversal, nature of solute, solute concentration and pH. The phenomena of jelly reversal and regaining of egg fertilizability imply that specific ions of the jelly are needed for fertilization. Hydration of the jelly can form blocks to sperm entry, therefore, the block to polyspermy in Xenopus is not a single event. Layer J-1 stains metachromatically with toluidine blue and incorporates 35S-sulfate during its formation. Failure of eggs to regain fertilizability after reversal at low pH is correlated with diminished toluidine blue metachromasia of J-1. Retention of staining was dependent upon the salt concentration of the medium.

The glycosylamines of the common aldohexoses react with ethyl acetoacetate in methanol at room temperature yielding the corresponding ethyl 3-(glycosylamino)-crotonates. The structures of these compounds are discussed on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic properties. These substances can be transformed into ethyl 2-methyl-4-(polyhydroxyalkyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylates under conditions that promote the Amadori rearrangement of glycosylamines. The reaction of ketohexosylamines ( D -fructosylamine, L -sorbosylamine) with ethyl acetoacetate proceeds to give ethyl 2-methyl-5-(tetrahydroxybutyl)pyrrole-3-carboxylates.

The results of a study of isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase, isocitric dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Schistosoma mansoni adults and cercariae have been presented. Two bands of alkaline phosphatase activity were found in adults and cercariae. No activity could be elicited from snail tissue extracts. Mouse liver showed two closely migrating bands. Isocitric dehydrogenase activity could not be demonstrated in adult S. mansoni . Mouse liver showed two bands, and snail and cercariae exhibited only one. Differences in the mobility of the fractions were observed between these extracts. Cercariae and adult extracts yielded three bands of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activity. Two were anodic and one cathodic. Mouse liver and snail homogenates evidenced two bands of activity, one anodic and one cathodic. Comparison of adult S. mansoni homogenates with mouse liver and snail extracts showed that the cathodic bands had similar mobilities, but none of the anodic bands corresponded to one another in electrophoretic migration. One band of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was obtained from cercariae, adult, and mouse liver extracts. The cercarial band had a shorter migratory path. The band of activity from extracts of adult S. mansoni obtained from the peritoneal cavity of the mouse and by perfusion had the same mobility as the mouse liver band. Snail tissue homogenates showed no activity.

The glycosylamines of the common aldohexoses react with β-diketones and with benzoylacetaldehyde yielding N-glycosyl derivatives of β-amino α,β-unsaturated ketones. The structures of these substances are discussed on the basis of their chemical and spectroscopic properties.

[Resumen] La figura del prescriptor ha sido uno de los recursos más utilizados en publicidad a lo largo de toda su historia. Con la popularización de las redes sociales, el poder de recomendación de productos y marcas se ha extendido prácticamente a cualquier individuo, en tanto en cuanto interactúa con otros usuarios a través de estas plataformas, conversando también a propósito de sus experiencias como comprador y consumidor. Además, blogs y espacios como Twitter o Instagram han motivado la aparición de un nuevo perfil de rescriptores, líderes de opinión a los que las marcas recurren para multiplicar el alcance de sus acciones comunicacionales. En este artículo se analiza en qué consiste el marketing de influencia así como se describen las normas deontológicas y legales que anunciantes y agencias deben tener en cuenta a la hora de poner en marcha acciones publicitarias con influencers a través de redes sociales [Abstract] Advertiser figure has been one of the resources most widely used in advertising throughout its history. However, with the popularization of social networks, power of recommendation of products and brands has spread practically to anybody, insofar individual interacts with other users through these platforms, also talking concerning his/her experiences as buyer and consumer. In addition to this, blogs and platforms such as Twitter or Instagram have motivated the emergence of a new profile of prescribers, opinion leaders who brands resort to with the aim of multiplying the reach of their communication actions. This article focuses on what influence marketing is and which are its characteristics as well as describes the legal and ethical rules advertisers and agencies must take into account to perform advertising campaigns with influencers via social networks

Para contribuir al conocimiento de la conducta histórica y la personalidad del Gran Mariscal don Ramón Castilla, la presente edición de Fénix publica 88 cartas, cuyos originales se hallan en la colección de manuscritos de la Biblioteca Nacional, escritas entre el 9 de julio y el 24 de noviembre de 1843, o sea, durante el movimiento constitucional que puso término al Directorio presidido por el General Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco. Quienes lean con atención las cartas trascritas podrán hallar muy importantes noticias sobre el desprendimiento personal de Castilla, los aspectos sociológicos de las revoluciones políticas del siglo XIX, la cronología de la restauración constitucional de 1843-1844 y otros temas históricos.

RESUMEN Se analiui la respuesta inmediata y a largoplazo de 37 nihos emtretlcos (edad 4 a 15 anos),tratados con imipramina.No hubo diferencia significative! en cuanto adistribucion por sexo.Las dosis de imipramina oscilaron entre 10 y75 mgr. diarios y fueron dadas durante 8 semanas.A las dos semanas el 66% de los ninos ama-necian sccos y al cabo de cuatro semanas, luegode a jus tar la dosis del medicamento, se totalizoun 84% de buenas respuestas.6 ninos (16%) no mostraron ninguna mejo-ria, aun cuando la dosis alcanzo los mdximos ni-veles.Los 31 ninos que respondieron satisj actor ia~mente han sido seguidos por mas de un ano, ob-servdndose recaida en 7 de ellos (22%), los queluego de una nueva ciira dejaron de humedecer lacama. No se han constatado trastornos conduc-tuales ni orgdnicos durante el seguimiento.SUMMARY The inmediatc and long-term response of thirty se-ven outpatients enuretic children (aged 4 to 15 years),treated with imipramine are analized.There wasn't any significant difference with regardto sex distribution.The dosage of imipramine oscillated between 10 to75 mgr. daily for a period of eight weeks.After two weeks 66 per cent of the children becamedry and in four weeks, after the medicine dose regula-ton, 84 per cent of good responses were added up.Six children (16 per cent) did not show any impro-vement, even when the doss was raised to the maximumlevels.Thirty one children that had a good response werefollowed for more than a year, relapse was observed in7 of them (22 per cent) who after a new cure stoppedthe bedwetting.During the follow-up study we have not observedneither behavior nor organic changes.

Liver microsomes of rats poisoned with thioacetamide show a significant reduction of cytochrome P-450. Consequently, oxidative reactions of drug metabolism and the estrogen 2-hydroxylase are diminished. Enhancement of microsomal transformation of estradiol to estrone and 16alpha-hydroxyestrone is observed after treatment of rats with thioacetamide, due to diminished metabolism of estradiol by the alternative oxidation at C-2. Estriol formation is reduced by thioacetamide pretreatment. These changes in estrogen breakdown closely correlate with those observed in humans suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. It is concluded that the thioacetamide poisoned rat should be an experimental model suitable for studying estrogen metabolism in liver injury.

INTRODUCTION. La definition de hipertensionarterial es ya UD problema, pues la presion arteriales un parametro que tiene grandes variaciones deun individuo a otro y en el mismo sujeto sometidoa situaciones diversas.Existen diversos criterios para definir la hiper-tension arterial.Hemos adoptado aquel que exige cifras ten-sionales superiores al promedio mas 2 D. S, cal-culado para la edad del nino en mas de 2 opor-tunidades.Comunicamos en este trabajo los resultados delestudio realizado en 12 pacientes que presentaronhipertension arterial severa como problema uni-co o principal, excluyendo de esta casuistica aaquellos enfermos, mucho mas numerosos, en quela hipertension arterial fue un sintoma mas dentrode una entidad clinica, por ejemplo, glomerulone-fritis aguda o cronica.Considerada asi, la hipertension arterial severaes poco frecuente en la edad pediatrica.Es posible llegar a determinar la enfermedadcausal en mas del 80% de los ninos hipertensos(1), de aqui el interes de efectuar un estudio etio-logico completo, que permita el diagnostico co-rrecto y el tratamiento definitivo.MATERIAL Y M£TODOS. 12 ninos entre 6 me-ses y 13 anos, atendidos por medicos de la Sec-tion Nefrologia entre los anos 1964 y 1973. To-dos tuvieron cifras tensionales permanentementeelevadas sobre 2 D. S., sobre el promedio calcula-do para ninos normales de esa edad, segun tablaNadas (2). Los valores se resumen en la tabla