Search

SummaryThe effects of irradiation by electrons and Cyclotron neutrons have been compared in a membrane system consisting of isolated rat-spleen lysosomes in suspension. For irradiation in air, the r.b.e.'s for the release of four out of the five enzymes investigated were less than one. When lysosomes were irradiated under nitrogen, at all doses up to 100 krads, neutrons were found to be sub-stantially more effective than electrons. Values of o.e.r. for neutrons (∼2·5) were greater than those commonly observed for mammalian cell death. The results are discussed in the light of certain models for radiation damage to cells. A novel irradiation vessel is described.

SummaryIrradiation of E. coli B/r and Bs−1 depressed the DNA synthetic activity of the DNA-membrane complexes from these bacteria. The depression of this activity in both strains in the presence of oxygen was seven to eight times greater than under anoxic conditions when irradiation was with fast electrons. The oxygen-enhancement ratios for neutrons were 4·0 and 5·2 for E. coli B/r and E. coli Bs−1, respectively.The DNA-synthesizing abilities of complexes from the radiation-resistant E. coli B/r and the radisation-sensitive E. coli Bs−1 were equally inhibited by electron irradiation, but with fast neutrons the synthetic activity of the DNA-membrane complex from E. coli B/r was more inhibited than that from E. coli Bs−1.

1. (1) A micro-method for the estimation of β-glucuronidase in human vaginal fluid based on total protein is described. 2. (2) A linear relationship of β-glucuronidase with vaginal fluid concentration in the presence of Triton X-100 is shown. 3. (3) Difficulties in obtaining vaginal fluid β-glucuronidase in a fully soluble form are described. The only treatments found to release fully the enzyme into solution are the non-ionic detergents Triton X-100 and Nonidet P.40 in combination with 0.9% NaCl. 4. (4) Occasional inhibition of β-glucuronidase activity after its release into the soluble state is noted. This was shown to be reversible on subsequent treatment of the 0.1% Triton−0.9% NaCl suspension with water. 5. (5) A brief comparison of β-glucuronidase solubility in other tissue homogenates is made.

THE model proposed by Alper1 for lethal radiation damage to cells is based on inferential evidence that there are two important sites of damage by ionizing radiation. At one site, damage referred to as type “N” is associated with a low oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) and is probably to nucleic acid, while at the other site, type “O” damage is associated with a considerably higher oxygen enhancement value and is to a non-nucleic acid target. The model demands that the two values of OER are respectively less and greater than that observed for the overall lethal effect. More recently2 Alper reviewed further inferential evidence3 that cell membranes are the site of type O damage, though there may be subsequent interaction with the lesions following energy deposition in DNA4.