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POPAE (Protons on Protons and Electrons) is a storage ring facility at the Fermilab on a scale suitable to permit the collision of 1000 GeV protons with 1000 GeV protons and with electrons of an energy compatible with that scale. In this paper, we summarize our work thus far on the lattice and layout of the proton storage rings. Though the 1000 GeV physical scale is maintained, the design is developed in a 400 GeV context. The proton rings form a racetrack, the two long straight sections of which are each about 1 km in length. Each long straight section contains a number of matched lattice insertions, as well as uncommitted space for additional development. Depending on the assumptions made concerning the beam-beam limit (as yet unknown experimentally), maximum luminosities are calculated to be in the range from 1033 to 1034cm-2 sec-1.

Results of an epidemiology study of populations living near a freeway and in the high desert area of Southern California for levels of platinum, palladium and lead are presented. Three age groups (children, young adults, and mature adults) were sampled twice for blood, urine, hair, and feces. Air, water, and soil samples were collected in the areas of the residences of the two populations. The primary objective of this study was to obtain baseline levels of these metals prior to the introduction of the catalytic muffler. The samples were collected in September 1974.

Computer methods were used to estimate the usefulness of several clinical signs and laboratory tests in the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. Information was drawn from the records of 217 patients with this disease seen at two hospitals in Southern California. The parameters studied included the physical characteristics of the thyroid gland; the appearance of the radioisotope thyroid scan; the response to a perchlorate discharge test; the serum antithyroglobulin antibody titer; the serum TSH concentration measured by radioimmunoassay; the thyroid radioiodine uptake response to exogenous TSH stimulation; and the serum PBI-T4I difference. Of the above, the PBI-T4I difference was deleted, being of limited value. The TSH stimulation test and serum TSH measurement were considered as alternative ways to evaluate thyroid reserve. Therefore, five diagnostic markers remained, all useful but not definitive. Computer and rule-of-thumb methods (two or more of the five markers positive) were tested for successful diagnosis of 145 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis proven by pathological examination of biopsied tissue; 23 of these were patients not used in the original pool of data. As a rule of thumb, it was found that Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the likely diagnosis if two or more out of the five useful markers are in its favor. For best results, four and preferably all of the five criteria should be tested. If this is done, the expected diagnostic accuracy for patients with Hashimoto's disease is by the rule-of-thumb method 67% correct, 21% indecisive, and 12% false negative; by computer methods it is 88% correct, 4% indecisive, and 8% false negative. By each method the number of false positive diagnoses was equivalent to 25% of the total number of patients with this disease. The false positive results nearly all occurred in patients with goiter associated with a defect in thyroid hormone synthesis.

An epidemiological survey was conducted in Houston, Texas on five trace metals in policemen, parking garage attendants, women living near freeways and three control groups of subjects. The controls were matched with the exposed groups for covariate information such as age, sex, smoking habits, ethnic background, socioeconomic status, hair color, and education. Each subject was sampled four times for blood, urine, hair, and feces, and these samples were analyzed for lead, cadmium, zinc, manganese, and copper. Lead and cadmium were correlated with airborne exposures but zinc, manganese and copper were not. The second part of this paper deals with a market study of platinum and palladium markets and a design of an epidemiology survey of individuals occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed to these two metals. The market survey shows that although the catalytic muffler will have a major impact on the market, it is predicted that producers can meet these demands.

It is shown, using the transformation theory of Bakamjian and Thomas, how to introduce potentials into the pion-deuteron elastic-scattering problem without destroying Poincare invariance. Thus the usual difficulties of using potentials in relativistic situations are avoided. A direct numerical comparison of the Bakamjian-Thomas center-of-momentum formulation and a similar Breit-frame analysis is made for πd and pd elastic scattering. Quantitative differences are found in the double-scattering amplitudes in the two formulations.

An analytical investigation is made of the stresses due to external forces and moments acting on an elastic nonradial circular cylindrical nozzle attached to a spherical shell. The nozzle (a cylindrical shell) is nonradial in the sense that its axis is inclined and does not pass through the center of the sphere. Results are obtained by combining solutions from shell theory by a Galerkin-type method so as to satisfy boundary conditions at the intersection of the two shells. It is found that, as the nozzle inclination increases, the stresses change gradually from those previously given by Bijlaard for the radial nozzle.

Â? ABSTRACT The metabolic control of lipogenesis was investigated in growing and fattening lambs by fasting and refeeding studies. Fasting state was monitored by indirect calorimetry measurements of respiratory quotient and methane production. At various time periods, rump adipose tissue was obtained by biopsy and used for determi nation of lipogenic capacity and the activities of relevant enzymes. The activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase very closely paralleled the progressive decrease in fatty acid synthesis by adipose tissue slices during starvation and the increase upon refeeding. Acetyl CoA synthetase and fatty acid synthetase activities also decreased substantially during fasting, but in fattening lambs, this decrease did not occur until after 48 hours of fasting. Additionally, the activities of acetyl CoA synthetase and fatty acid synthetase did not increase significantly with refeeding. In both groups of lambs the activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and NADP- isocitrate dehydrogenase decreased only moderately during starvation and had not increased significantly at the time of biopsy after refeeding. The results of these investi gations indicate that acetyl CoA carboxylase is the rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis by ruminant adipose tissue. The correlation between in vitro lipogenic capacity and acetyl CoA carboxylase activity during fasting and refeeding was 0.95 and 0.93 with growing and fattening lambs, respectively. J. Nutr. 103: 1479-1488, 1973.

On admission to the sick list, 3 brothers presented the picture of an anxiety reaction. Their symptoms were similar, but varied in intensity. The opportunity to observe a reaction so common in wartime in individuals with very much the same protoplasmic posisibilities and environmental background, seemed unique. Upon study, it is seen that the brothers illustrate three types of neurotic disability seen frequently in this war. It would appear that their common symptom, anxiety, stems from their common inheritance and back-ground. The individual course and prognosis of that anxiety would likewise seem to depend on personal differences which are somewhat less apparent. I. M. had already displayed symptoms of emotional maladjustment during childhood, adolescence and adulthood prior to service. His combat experience in 3 invasions was severe, but somewhat less so than that of his brothers. Anxiety symptoms reached severe proportions rather rapidly. His old neurotic pattern was revealed in the Rorschach, Minneso...

A scheme for changing one of the independent variables is used to transform the curvilinear characteristics associated with continuously nonhomogeneous material properties into straight lines of equal slope. By using this scheme, some of the practical difficulties caused by curvilinear characteristics are alleviated. The characteristic relations and appropriate jump conditions in the transformed space-time plane are derived for a hyperbolic system of quasi-linear partial differential equations of first order for two functions of two independent variables. The resulting equations are solved numerically. Accurate results are obtained for several cases in which previous investigators had encountered difficulties. In addition to checking against existing solutions, the authors also applied the method to problems for which solutions had not previously been obtained.

Summary The incidence of Pasteurella tularensis in wild animals and their ectoparasites from selected areas of the Great Salt Lake Desert region was determined by using bacteriological and serological techniques. Approximately 31,300 mammals, 1,700 birds, and 141,000 ectoparasites were examined from 1951 through 1964. The sera from 5,047 head of livestock of the region also were tested. Fifty-two isolates of P. tularensis were obtained, 26 from ectoparasites and 26 from animal tissues. The positive ectoparasites included three species of ticks (Dermacentor parumapertus, Dermacentor andersoni, and Ixodes kingi), a flea (Thrassis bacchi), and an anopluran louse (probably Hoplopleura hesperomydis). The tissue isolates were from black-tailed jack rabbits (Lepus californicus), an Audubon (desert) cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii), a Great Basin pocket mouse (Perognathus parvus), Ord kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii), white-tailed antelope squirrels (Citellus leucurus), and beaver (Castor canadensis). Serum agglutinins at titers of 1:20 to 1:320 were found in 92 specimens of 25 species of wild mammals and birds; 31% of the cattle and 24% of the sheep had serum agglutinin titers of 1:40 or greater. Eight mammalian and seven avian species were implicated within the natural ecology of tularemia for the first time: the Western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis), the Western harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys megalotis), the pinyon mouse (Peromyscus truei), the Great Basin pocket mouse, the chisel-toothed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys microps), the white-tailed antelope squirrel, the cliff chipmunk (Eutamias dorsalis), the bobcat (Lynx rufus), the shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), the horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), the common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), the California gull (Larus californicus), the prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), and the Great Basin screech owl (Otus asio). Four of the isolates of P. tularensis from rodents were found to be of maximal virulence (i.e., one organism was fatal for standard laboratory animals excluding the white rat), while one isolate from a desert cottontail and one from a Great Basin pocket mouse were found to be of low virulence. The latter findings are exceptions to the commonly accepted generalization that strains from North American ticks, lagomorphs, and sheep are of high virulence and those from beaver, rodents, and water are of low virulence. While the generally accepted concept is usually justified, this distinction does not exist invariably.

The nutritive value of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] straw was studied because of the vast acreage grown in the U.S. and the marked expansion scheduled for this crop in developing countries. Nutritive value was estimated on greenhouse and field-grown plants and plant parts at various stages of maturity by using standard techniques of forage chemical analysis, in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), and measuring intake and digestibility by ewes. Cell wall constituents (CWC) and lignin percentage of stems increased progressively from 643 and 10.5% at flowering to 79.4, and 21.5%, respectively, at maturity. Pods increased only up to 52.2% CWC and 8.6% lignin at maturity. The average figures for CWC, acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, and crude protein of the mature samples obtained behind a combine were 77.0, 60.0, 16.5 and 4.9%. Forage yields on hand.harvested, mature, field-grown soybeans were 2262, 4419 and 4076 k.g/ha for ‘Wayne,’ ‘Dare,’. and ‘Hill’ cultivars. The average IVDMD was 25.8% for stems and 59.6% for pods from the mature field-grown soybean straw. The average consumption of dry matter of a mature straw diet containing minerals and 8.5% soybean meal by 6- to 7-year-old ewes, was 19.8 g/day/kg live weight when ground and 16.7 when fed unground. Digestibility coefficients of unground and ground straw diets, as determined by the lignin ratio technique, averaged 35.9, 49.7, 27.3, 30.6, 50.6, 17.8 and 44.4, 51.2, 28.0, 42.9, 58.8, 21.7% for dry matter, crude protein, CWC, ADF, cellulose, and hemicellulose.

A new external monitoring technique is described for measuring the amount of radioactivity within an internal organ. The variable distance between the detector and target organ or area is calculated trigonometrically by using two matched probes which are adjusted to register the same maximal level of activity coming from the source. The amount of radiation absorbed by the interposed tissue is determined from the ratio of transmitted counts of low energy nuclide such as I 125 , and a high energy nuclide as I 131 . Counting efficiency, i.e. the distance-radioactivity relationship, is constant for a specified detector-recording system and must be determined experimentally. The formula for calculating the microcuries of activity within an organ source is presented. Eine neue externe Strahlungspruftechnik zur Messung der Radioaktivitat innerhalb eines Organs wird beschrieben. Die variable Entfernung zwischen dem Strahlungsdetektor und dem Zielorgan oder-gebiet wird durch Verwendung zweier gleicher Meβeinrichtungen, die so eingestellt werden, daβ sie die gleiche maximale Strahlungsmenge von der Strahlungsquelle empfangen, trigonometrisch bestimmt. Die Menge der von dem dazwischen befindlichen Gewebe aufgenommenen Strahlung wird nach dem Verhaltnis der Zahlergebnisse der Strahlung eines Kerns niedriger Enrgie wie I 125 und ienes Kerns hoher Energie wie I 131 bestimmt. Die Zahlausbeute, d.h. das Verhaltnis Entfernung zu Radioaktivitat, ist konstant fur ein gegebenes Detektor-Aufzeichnungs-System und muβ experimentell bestimmt werden. Die Formel fur die Berechung der Mikrocuriezahl der Aktivitat innerhalb eines strahlenden Organs wird angegeben.

A method for determining calcium or sodium cyclaniate in canned fruits and fruit products has been developed. The cyclamate salt in a homogenized portion of fruit is hydrolyzed to cyclohexylamine in the presence of hydrochloric acid at 125°C and 15 psi. The cyclohexylamine is extracted into chloroform and reacts with ethanolic p-quinone to produce 2-(cyclohexylamine)-l,4-benzoquinone, which is determined spectrophotometrically at 493 mµ. Sucrose and saccharin do not interfere. Eleven collaborators tested the method on canned pears, peaches, pineapple, and grapefruit. Each fruit was fortified at two different levels with sodium cyclamate. The average recovery of both levels of cyclamate salt in all four fruits was 98.7%. Each collaborator also tested the method on a can of commercially canned dietary peach pie filling. The results were good, and the method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.

The dynamic response of a cylindrical shell subjected to arbitrarily time-varying load distributions is treated within the framework of first-order linear elastic thin shell theory by use of two different numerical methods of timewise integration: an explicit method and an implicit (Houbolt) method. In both of these methods the dependent variables are expanded in Fourier series in the circumferential direction, and the resulting equations are expressed in finite difference form. Although the problem considered is limited to cylindrical shells with constant geometric and material properties, this study is intended to provide the groundwork for the development of a general computer program applicable to a wide class of shell problems. The relative efficiencies of the two numerical methods, as encountered in practical applications, are discussed. Results for a typical example of a blast loading are presented tor the first three Fourier harmonics.

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has developed a set of computer programs known as the Solar System Data Processing System (SSDPS) which is employed in improving the ephemerides of the major planets and for improving the values of several associated astronomical constants. A group of solutions for the masses of the major planets, together with the AU and radii of Mercury, Venus, and Mais, is presented. These solutions based upon optical, radar, and spacecraft radio tracking data are preliminary. The relative power of radar and radio tracking data vis-à-vis purely optical data in a solution is shown. The problems which could arise by adopting solutions based upon a single data type are demonstrated.

The Hippuran-I131 renocystogram is a reliable external method for detecting functional differences between kidneys (1). Chronic pyelonephritis is especially suitable for investigation with this procedure because it characteristically causes more tissue damage and functional suppression of one kidney than the other (2, 3). While a group of pyelonephritic patients was being studied with serial renocystograms to determine if functional disturbances could be improved by specific treatment, the following observations were made. First, renogram abnormalities associated with this disease are: reduction in the slopes of the tubular segments, delayed onset of excretion, and excretion segments which descend from peak levels at disproportionately slow rates. Second, differences between left and right renal tracings may be accentuated if fluids are restricted eight to twelve hours before the test, whereas they are usually minimized and occasionally concealed if the patient is well hydrated. Third, these aberrations i...

Saturated carboxy- and hydroxy-terminated hydrocarbon prepolymers and selected aziridine, epoxide, and isocyanate curing agents were evaluated with the purpose of preparing an elastomeric binder for solid propellants. Viscosities at a given molecular weight were higher for polyisoprenes than for polybutadienes and higher for carboxy terminated than for hydroxy terminated. Isocyanates showed much less side reactions in the presence of ammonium perchlorate than did the aziridines or the epoxides. The polymers had glass transition temperatures between -40° and -82°C when measured by density change. Differential thermal analysis indicated two secondorder transitions at about -64° and -38° for the saturated prepolymers and single transitions at about -75° and -90°C, respectively, for unsaturated prepolymers and polymers made from them. The polymers showed no tendency to crystallize. All of the polymers and propellants showed poor low-temperature behavior. The poor low-temperature properties have imped...

The RF window vacuum seals on the 400-GeV Fermilab accelerating RF cavities are very large circular cylinders of alumina. The cavities were first installed with seals of 94% purity Al2O3. Several of these seals failed in high-power operation due to dielectric heating. Higher purity ceramics (99.5% Al2O3) have been obtained and are now being installed. The complex permitivity of both types of ceramic has been measured in a TM010 mode test cavity ten-inches high and eight feet in diameter. Frequency shift and Q shift data have been analyzed by perturbation analysis and by computer programs. Results confirm that the higher purity ceramics have a loss tangent a factor of five better than the original seals. Some high-power operational test results are also presented.

Eighty-three patients with Stage II or Stage III germinal neoplasia of the testis and 7 patients with extragonadal primary tumors were treated with bleomycin plus vinblastine, or a five-drug program, bleomycin plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Of the 70 Stage III patients, there were 53 responses (75%), 22 complete and 31 partial. The mean survival of the complete responders is 100+ weeks, with 3 dead. The mean survival of the partial responders and nonresponders is 38 weeks and 33 weeks, respectively. There is a highly significant difference between complete responders vs. partial and nonresponders (p less than 0.01). Thirteen patients with nonmeasurable disease (Stage II and Stage III postresectional status) but at great risk to develop widespread metastasis were treated prophylactically after conventional therapy. Nine continue in complete response to 36 months. The 7 extragonadal primary patients showed 4 partial responses, none complete. Major toxicity was myelosuppression and also bleomycin pneumonitis in 5 of the 90 evaluable patients.

This study had the limited aim of ascertaining the efficacy of bleomycin in controlling m etastatic renal carcinoma. Fifteen patients received bleomycin intramuscularly and five patients received the drug via continuous infusion. Only two patients had responses, both mixed. We concluded that the therapeutic value of bleomycin in the treatment of advanced renal carcinoma is negligible.

Twenty-three patients with stage III germinal neoplasia of the testis were treated with a variation of our original vinblastine-bleomycin program. This modification consisted of 0.4 mg/kg of vinblastine given in two fractions on Days 1 and 2 followed by continuous intravenous administration of 30 units of bleomycin in 1000 cc of 5% glucose and distilled water over a 24-hour period for 5 successive days beginning on Day 2. Therapy was repeated every 28-35 days as toxicity permitted. There were 17 responses, nine of which were complete (39%). Eight of the complete responses were in patients with massive disease in whom a low complete response rate was expected. Toxic effects consisted of severe leukopenia in 90% thrombopenia in 50%, and unexplained transient hyperbilirubinemia in about 30% of the patients. Bleomycin pneumonitis occurred in one patient and resulted in death. Hypertension was a new and unexpected side reaction experienced by four patients. Further trials are indicated since the complete response rate in patients with advanced massive disease appears to be improved.

1. Groups of 5-, 10-, 18- and 43-day old rats were injected intracerebrally with a single dose of [U14C] phenylalanine and its conversion to acid-soluble metabolites was determined in the cerebral cortex over a period of 24 h. Although the most rapid utilization of [14C] phenylalanine occurred initially in the oldest group, by 45 min the 18-day old cortex had the lowest levels of unchanged [14C] phenylalanine; by 24 h [14C] phenylalanine was, in turn, lowest in the 10-day old cortex. 2. The specific radioactivity of [14C] phenylalanine decreased rapidly at all ages for the first 2 h; it then continued to decrease in the two younger age groups while it remained virtually constant in the two older ones. 3. We also determined the incorporation of [14C] phenylalanine into, and the loss of radioactivity from, cortical, glial and neuronal proteins, isolated from animals injected on their 10th, 18th and 43rd day of life and followed over a period of two weeks. a. The proteins of the 10-day old cortex attained the highest specific radioactivity and were labeled at the highest rate. b. The glial proteins and particularly those of the 10-day old cortex were consistently more highly radioactive than the neuronal proteins; the rates of radioactivity decay from neuronal and glial proteins were parallel, however. c. The decay of the radioactivity followed a similar time course at all ages and for all proteins examined, exhibiting two phases, a rapid one extending from day 1 (day 3 in the 18-day old cortex) to day 7 and a slower phase extending through the entire second week.