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The article provides information on degenerative heart disease that can be prevented by physical activity. Oxygen supply and demand affect the oxygen economy of the heart. Systematic physical training can prevent detriments of habitual physical inactivity to the metabolism of the heart muscle. Results of studies on the relationship between the incidence of ischemic heart disease and lack of physical exercise show the influence of social factors involving exercise, habits and dietary customs.

A prospective epidemiological study on a large population of elderly persons was carried out to investigate the incidence of cerebrovascular attack (stroke) and its relationship to other variables, particularly preexisting cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report discusses the Maryland Consortium of the Health Sciences, a group of 13 associated institutions which have been working since the late 1960s to redistribute, train, and develop health workers to deal with needs in the Baltimore Standard Metropolitan Area. Its activities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of Noonan's syndrome is reported in which the prominent presenting symptom was massive lymphedema of lie legs of long duration. Lymphedema is a common abnormality in the Turner and Noonan syndromes. It is pointed out that in the Turner and Noonan syndromes there may be other evidence of a generalized cardiovascular-lymphatic defect. The similarity between Noonan's syndrome and certain familial syndromes characterized by lymphedema is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A blind assessment of abnormalities of pulmonary scintiscans in patients with pulmonary emboli and other clinical conditions showed that there was no abnormality specific for pulmonary embolism. However, a normal lung scan virtually excluded pulmonary embolism and an area, or areas, of absent perfusion was confirmatory evidence of embolism, without infarction, if the chest radiograph was normal, and of embolism with infarction if the clinical and radiographic findings were compatible. A controlled analysis of biochemical and electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with pulmonary embolism showed that abnormalities of liver function and blood urea were more frequent than in a group of patients suspected of, but not having, emboli. A similar analysis of the electrocardiograms showed that a Q3R3S1 with T wave inversion over the right ventricular leads and lead III (±avf) that developed or regressed was pathognomonic of embolism, but other features were of little value. It is suggested that all hospital patients should have an electrocardiogram performed on admission so that serial changes may be assessed and that lung scanning should be used as a screening test in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this article, the mortality tables in the absence of some causes of death have been the subject of a historical and critical study, as of January 1, 1974. Professor Adrine Duvillard's famous essay has been exposed and a formula has been established. The author has then looked at works of followers of Duvillard, Robert Farr and John Westergaard. Finally the author has considered the contemporary approaches to the question of mortality caused by accidents, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Copyright of Ricerca in Clinica E in Laboratorio is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

, , 343-348. Abnormally prolonged peripheral vasoconstriction has been detected prospectively by means of a toe temperature nomogram in 15 (11·5%) out of 131 patients following cardiopulmonary bypass. This state has been associated with a 53% incidence of hospital death, a detectable pathological cause in all cases, and in seven of the 15 cases it was the first or only evidence of a circulatory disorder. It is apparent that toe temperature monitoring after open-heart surgery gives early warning of a wide variety of potentially serious pathological processes, permitting effective treatment of the underlying cause before irreversible changes occur. It has become an indispensable part of routine postoperative care in our unit and is regarded as the simplest and most effective method of monitoring the circulation currently available. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A case of political artery thrombosis secondary to Behçet's syndrome is reported and attention is drawn to its presentation, diagnosis and treatment. A brief review of the syndrome is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C-V connective tissue plays an important role in many forms of heart and blood vessel diseases. A general background of macromolecules of connective tissue is presented, and examples of disease are shown which may be considered as metabolic forms of injury requiring repair by connective tissue. In the future, treatment and prevention will be directed toward efforts to alter the biochemical changes which occur in the C-V system at a molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1) In 37 lower extremities of 34 patients and in 14 extremities of 10 control subjects, calf blood flow was measured at rest and after ischaemic exercise by strain-gauge plethysmography. The pathological extremities were also studied by angiography and divided into four groups as follows: (1) atherosclerosis of patent arteries without occlusions. (2) proximal occlusions (femoral and/or popliteal only) (3) distal occlusions (calf arteries only), and (4) combined occlusions. 2) Rest flow in the patients was slightly but insignificantly lower than flow in the controls. Maximal flow, however, was definitely lower in the pathological group (P < 0.005). There was a linear correlation between rest and maximal flow in patients with proximal occlusions. 3) Maximal calf flow was significantly decreased in atherosclerosis of patent arteries without occlusions and in all types of occlusions. Moreover, atherosclerosis of patent arterial segments further decreased maximal blood flow in the presence of occlusions. 4) Maximal calf flow could neither he correlated with total length of occlusions in the affected extremity nor with maximal foot flow after body heating. 5) It is concluded that measurement of maximal calf blood flow is a useful procedure serving to recognize unapparent lesions and to test the progress of the disease as well as the effect of treatment in follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male and female virgin rats, with no arteriosclerosis and male anti female breeder rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis were given chronic injections of a contraceptive drug, Enovid, for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. All of the treated animals exhibited a marked loss in body weight, adrenal glandular hypertrophy and hemorrhage concomitant with severe thymus gland involution, degranulation of pituitary gonadotrophic cells, and testicular and ovarian atrophy. Serum enzymes, e.g., CPK, SGOT, SGPT & LDH, were first greatly elevated and thon their level receded. The Enovid-treated animals developed a fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, elevated free fatty acids and hypercholesterolemia. Although the drug-treated animals were acutely diabetic, all of them eventually manifested hypoglycemia despite beta cell degranulation. Serum corticosterone levels were subnormal suggestive of adrenal ‘exhaustion.’ The outstanding finding was the appearance of microscopic arterial lesions in the previously non-arteriosclerotic male and female virgin rats. There was no exacerbation of the arterial lesions in breeder rats with pre-existing arteriosclerosis. Lesions were found in the aorta, and its side branches consisting of intimal mucopolysaccharide, collagen, elastolytic changes and calcification. It is believed that the contraceptive drug upset hypothalamic and gonadal hormone homeostasis which led to endogenous hormonal-metabolic alterations favoring the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in both male and female rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 125I fibrinogen test is a sensitive indicator of early venous thrombosis in the calf and lower thigh. It is a safe, noninvasive, technique, which can be performed by a trained technician with daily monitoring, using easily portable equipment. These characteristics make it an extremely valuable tool in the study of deep venous thrombosis, its natural history and methods for its control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question ‘Why develop a cardiac surgical unit?’ has been answered in the past by the response ‘because we want to’. This is no longer an acceptable or sufficient reason. The answer to the question ‘Where should there be a cardiac surgical unit?’ has been ‘wherever anyone would like to develop one’. This is no longer an appropriate or acceptable reason. The answer to the question ‘When should a cardiac surgical unit be developed?’ has usually been totally dependent upon the individuals involved and where and when they wished to do it. This again is no longer completely acceptable. The answer to the question, ‘With what?’ has in the past been with whatever resources can be developed within the institution or community, and now this question must be answered by consideration of the best utilization of facilities, resources and capabilities. Finally, ‘How to develop such a unit?’ has been reviewed with recommendations given as to how to plan and develop a cardiac surgical unit in a safe and efficient way to provide optimal and high quality care for patients. Obviously, the old and new answers to the questions which have been raised suggest the very real possibility that completely free enterprise in this area of health care and the public welfare may not be in complete agreement. Free enterprise versus the public welfare is perhaps too dramatic a portrayal of the present situation. However, there are very real questions in this regard which are being raised by government, by society and by the consumer of health care. If there are conflicts between free enterprise in the delivery of health care and the public welfare, will they be resolved in a voluntary fashion or by various controls? There are concerns about mass production in health care and what this might do to quality control. Mass production has been a highly admired aspect of the industrial revolution and has been developed to its ultimate extent in this country. However, just as mass production of automobiles at relatively low cost has produced problems of quality control and deaths on the highways, so mass production in cardiac surgery may not ]3rovide for maintenance of the highest quality control. Finally, the resources available for health care will have to be utilized to provide the best health possible. Quality and quantity will be in conflict and this has important relationships to cardiac surgery in particular. How resources will be distributed and how the decisions will be made as to where they can best contribute to the health of the nation are not known. We certainly do not have the answers to these questions, but they will be answered and we as physicians and surgeons may not all like the answers. If, however, those of us who are interested in the evaluation and treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease will adhere to the principle of having cardiac surgical units where there is a demonstrable need for patient care and a corollary need for education, then the public welfare will be served. There will be accountability to the public and certain aspects of free enterprise will survive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a standardized, multistage protocol for maximal exercise testing of ambulatory persons in four teaching hospitals, ten private offices and clinics and an industrial medical department is described. ECG responses in a bipolar precordial lead are transmitted by dataphone for independent computer analysis, and all data are entered into a computer file. Initial experience in testing 2332 middle-aged men, of whom 1275 were normal and 1057 were ambulatory patients with cardiovascular disease demonstrates the feasibility and safety of stress testing. Functional aerobic impairment, or percentage deviation between observed maximal performance and that predicted for individuals of similar sex, age and physical-activity status is derived by nomograms from duration of exercise with this protocol. Significant differences in FAI, and cardio- vascular components, have been defined in relation to hypertension, angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction and various combinations of these diagnostic categories. One application of these methods to the evaluation of surreal treatment of angina pectoris by saphenous-vein grafting is cited to illustrate the advantages of maximal exercise testing when functional studies at rest fail to demonstrate significant changes. Assessment of the predictive value in the preclinical phases of cardiovascular disease must await future follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical signs and symptoms of heart disease in childhood, found during an outpatient visit, should alert the examiner to look further for some cardiovascular dysfunction. Signals and physical findings that need to be considered are rate and depth of respirations, chest inspection, heart rate and rhythm. The examiner must be familiar with the normal sounds and rhythms of healthy children at various ages. Minimal heart enlargement is difficult to detect by palpation and percussion, but more advanced enlargement can usually be identified. Every child suspected of having congestive heart failure should be treated as an emergency case. Chronic cyanosis, especially when associated with failure to thrive, is suggestive of an abnormality either in the circulation or in the aeration of the blood and merits intensive study of both the cardiac and pulmonary systems.

Summarizes the available data on hypertension as a medical problem in people aged 15-30 years. Epidemiology of adolescent hypertension; Types of vascular disease that develops in man; Medical screening for renal hypertension and adrenal hypertension; Utilization of oral contraceptives and its association with hypertension.

Presents a speech by Kenneth Rose, a physician at the University of Nebraska, delivered at a symposium on preventive cardiology in 1973. Explanation for calling medicine a crisis-type operation; Percentage of deaths in the U.S. that resulted from cardiovascular disease; Studies related to heart disease.

Provides information on non-occlusive ischemic heart disease. Definition of non-occlusive ischemic heart disease; Main categories of cardiac necrosis; Etiologies associated with noncoronarogenic necrosis; Capability of the collateral reserve of the heart; Potential causes for noncoronarogenic or primary necrosis.

Discusses epidemiologic studies of cardiovascular disease and other certain disorder. Reason many scientists believe that the field of epidemiology is remote from clinical medicine; Description and purpose of the studies; Risk of coronary heart disease according to relative weight and physical activity status.

Presents a prospective study which examined cardiovascular disorders on patient with acromegaly. Diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly; Discussion on diagnostic criteria for cardiovascular disease; Presentation of postmortem findings in acromegalic patients involved in the study.

Presents a study which examined the relation between plasma renin activity and cardiovascular disease. Background on the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with essential hypertension; Factor which contributes to the low plasma renin activity of patients with hypertension; Results of a statistical analysis of the differences among renin groups.

Focuses on a study which reviewed the clinical and pathologic cardiac findings in untreated cretins under six months of age. Patient material; Cardiac auscultation; Electrocardiograms; Chest X-ray findings; Autopsy findings.

Of 49 patients observed for electrocardiographic abnormalities during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 18 (36.7 per cent) showed definite changes. A cardiovascular disorder was present in 30.6 per cent of the patients studied, and of these, 60.0 per cent showed electrocardiographic changes. A positive response, however, was seen in only 26.4 per cent of the noncardiac group. This difference was found to be statistically significant. The changes were mild and transient. The incidence of electrocardiographic changes found during gastroesophagoscopy is compared with the incidence for sigmoidoscopy reported previously by another group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the text of a speech given by Herman F. De Feo, Associate Clinical Professor, Stritch School of Medicine, the 27th Annual Convention of the American College of Gastroenterology held in Chicago, Illinois in October 1962. Cardiovascular situations producing abdominal or gastrointestinal manifestations; Discussion on cardiovascular problems, such as coronary occlusion; Relationship between the cardiopulmonary-gastrointestinal symptoms.

1. One hundred four admissions to the Orange County General Hospital for gross bleeding due to peptic ulcer disease during the period from July 1957 to July 1960 were reviewed. There were 86 admissions for bleeding duodenal ulcer disease and 18 for bleeding gastric ulcer disease. 2. The mortality rate for bleeding gastric ulcer was 16.7 per cent and for bleeding duodenal ulcer 12 per cent. In the bleeding duodenal ulcer group only 1 patient under the age of 70 died (1.6 per cent mortality), while 9 of 24 over the age of 70 died (38 per cent mortality). 3. Six of the bleeding duodenal ulcer deaths occurred in patients on medical therapy and four in patients who underwent surgery. Review of the charts revealed that all six medical deaths occurred in patients with associated severe debilitating disease, e.g. arteriosclerotic vascular disease, metastatic malignancy, etc., and there was little hope for them even with emergency surgery. Three of the four surgical deaths occurred in patients over the age of 70. All were very poor surgical risks. The two gastric ulcer deaths in patients on medical therapy were in patients with severe cerebrovasculaar or cardiovascular disease. 4. There was no evidence that more frequent emergency surgery would have reduced the mortality rate, even in patients over the age of 70. The high mortality rate in this age group is due as much to associated severe debilitating disease as to more severe hemorrhage. The indications for emergency surgery need not be changed in the older bleeding ulcer patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates clinical and experimental data on hypertension and liver disease. Indication that an intact hepatic function is one of the factors that maintains arterial pressure; Example of a well documented case of reversal of hypertension combined with serum protein determinations; Evidence that an intact liver is important in maintaining arterial pressure in man.

Presents a case report on the occurrence and successful surgical management of massive rectal hemorrhage caused by diverticular disease in a patient with hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Background information on the patient; Physical examination; Operative and postoperative course.

Examines the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism plays a major role in cardiovascular disease and in cholesterosis of the gallbladder. Etiology of cholesterosis of the gallbladder and gallstones; Significance of liver in lipid metabolism; Causes of changes in the blood levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters.

A comparison is made of serum parameters in two similar populations in the hard water communities of Omaha, Nebraska, and London, England, and the soft water communities of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and Glasgow, Scotland. Serum cholesterol levels were diet related and higher in Omaha (241 ± 46) and London (230 ± 100) than in their soft water counterparts, Winston-Salem (228 ± 46) and Glasgow (216 ± 40). Serum triglycerides were 14% higher in London than in Glasgow. Nevertheless, lower cardiovascular mortality rates were found in the hard water areas than in the soft water areas and were inversely related to the serum Mg and Ca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geographic differences in mortality from cardiovascular disease were observed in Nova Scotia. Observed variations are explained mainly by distance from provincial capital and level of unemployment. The effect of these variables could not be accounted for by differences in health care services provision, which seemed to be involved in a minor way only, and operated independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows that things are being done about the problem of heart disease, and gives brief information about the background. A great deal of important work is being done on fundamental cardiovascular problems. Much indeed remains to be learned about the normal functions of the heart and circulation, without any necessary bearing on disease. Large gaps in existing knowledge must be filled to provide a satisfactory basis for direct attacks on disease. It is from such work, moreover, that new ideas for exploration and trial are derived. We should never forget that all real progress is based on the occurrence of a new idea to a single individual.

A symposium on the treatment of angiomata is presented. Topics discussed include X-ray therapy, naevus flammeus, strawberry naevus, the cavernous haemagioma, lymphangiomata, stellate angioma, and senile angioma. The article concludes that the disease is a tumor, vascular or lymphatic, with an unknown cause.

Discusses the high incidence of venous thrombosis in both medical and surgical management. Factors which predispose to thrombus formation; Types of venous thrombosis; Clinical methods applied in the treating venous thrombosis.

One hundred and thirteen cases of grouped periorbital comedones have been studied. A high incidence of renal or other urinary disease, often associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was observed. The method of comedo production is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents various case studies related to dermatology. In one of the cases related to persistent peri-orbital oedema, a 48-year-old man developed swelling of the right lower lid. This gradually increased, and soon involved the left lower lid. Subsequently the upper lids have been involved, and, more recently, the forehead. The process has been symptomless and varied initially in intensity. He had no abnormality of eyes, no clinical or ancillary evidence of abnormalities in the cardio-vascular, renal, haematopoietic systems, antra and skull.

The article presents a clinico-pathological case study of a man with several infected and pulpless teeth who also had an unknown heart condition. After examining the patient and studying his history, he was diagnosed with endocarditis. Medical personnel concluded that oral sepsis could be an etiological factor in cardiovascular diseases.

In summary, the CVLP cardiovascular pathology code represents a classification of malfunctions of the heart and peripheral blood vessels designed with a therapeutically oriented axis of approach. Data coded in accordance with this classification may be retrieved on three bases: (1) the functional type of malfunction, (2) the anatomical location and (3) structural lesions. The code has a dual purpose -- its immediate use is to make available by IBM techniques highly specific references to the information of biological response to chemical treatment contained in the medical literature. Its ultimate purpose is to provide data of a very fundamental nature, which may contribute to detailed studies of the possible relationships between biological activity and chemicals with their internal complexities of structure and physical attributes. It is hoped that this classification may find other applications in related fields of documentation. In its present form it is capable of expansion, and additional categories can easily be added to accommodate conditions such as congenital malfunction or inflammatory diseases, which are beyond the scope and definition of the CVLP interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the factors responsible for the increasingly poor performance of adult mortality in certain Western countries by means of a cross-national analysis. A model has been created which finds a country's death rate at age 55--59 and could predict very accurately by knowing the regional mortality family to which it belongs and its death rate. The male and female age patterns of mortality may be influenced by the same factors, merely with different intensity, or the pattern changes for the two sexes may be unrelated. Cigarette smoking was first adopted on a large scale in Western Europe, the United States Australia and New Zealand predominantly by younger men. A retrospective survey of smoking behavior in the United States shows that per adult consumption figures may understate the increase in cigarette smoking among older males. Reasons for lower female mortality risks from cigarettes include lower consumption levels, less inhaling and greater use of filtered cigarettes. Older males, have suffered a much larger deterioration in their relative mortality position. Almost all of their difficulties can be traced to changing death rates from cardiovascular diseases, cancer and bronchitis.

An effective program for evaluating the peripheral circulation should include the results of several reliable cardiovascular measurement systems. If a vasodilating compound is to be considered as appropriate patient management, the decision to administer the compound should be guided by the results of studies demonstrating the patient's response to one ounce of ethyl alcohol raider controlled conditions. The patient who is receiving a vasodilating compound for the improvement of the peripheral circulation should he evaluated by the same methods used in the preliminary evaluation and selection (Fig. 8). If the patient is selected for vascular surgery, the systematic use of proven diagnostic aids will benefit the clinician's management of the patient following surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an evidence that ABO blood-groups play a key role in the rheology of blood in cardiovascular diseases, that they might influence the pathways of aetiology of those diseases, especially in relation to the microcirculation, tissue perfusion and thrombus formation, and that there exists a possibility that ABO blood-group specific drugs might be more effective in counteracting a development and progress of these diseases than drugs which do not take any account of inherent differences between patients of different ABO blood groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entity and progression of occlusive lesion of thromboangiitis obliterans were discussed based on clinical experiences with 206 cases. The following conclusion were obtained: 1. Complete angiographic studies including translumbar aortography were performed routinely on every case except a few. Abnormalities in abdominal aorta and its major branches were rarely found in direct contrast to arteriosclerosis obliterans. 2. Operative findings performed on 55 cases, 61 limbs, suggest that progression of the occlusive changes in this disease was mainly due to secondary thrombosis although trigger mechanism is probably arteritis. 3. Buerger's disease is a separate entity different from arteriosclerosis obliterans although a patient with this disease is more susceptible to atherosclerosis than a normal person. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AVB in inferior infarction is transient and does not imply a poor prognosis. LAD in inferior infarction may be due to loss of inferior forces, LVH, or SBH. Classical IBH was not identified. However, a group of patients with divergent vector loops, who had initial forces superior and broad, slurred terminal inferior forces, and prolongation of QRS duration raise the question of delayed conduction inferiorly due to peri-infarction block, diffuse fibrosis. LVH, or delay in the Purkinje network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two methods for indirect measurement of the systolic blood pressure distally in the lower extremities are compared in 27 legs without and with occlusive arterial disease. Both methods are based on recording the pressure in an occluding cuff which just arrests the circulation to the tissues below the cuff. The Two methods for indirect measurement of the systolic blood pressure distally in the lower extremities are compared in 27 legs without and with occlusive arterial disease. Both methods are based on recording the pressure in an occluding cuff which just arrests the circulation to the tissues below the cuff. The occluding cuff was placed around the base of the first toe. As detectors of circulation to the pulp of the toe the clearance of intradermally injected Xenon-133 mixed with histamine was used in the one method and the volume increase recorded by a mercury-in-silastic strain gauge was used in the other method. Distal pressure ranging between 135 and 13 mm Hg were recorded. There was a slight systematic difference between the results obtained by the two methods, the strain gauge recording on average 4 mm Hg higher than the Xenon-method. A. highly significant correlation was found in the entire pressure range, r = 0.97, p < 0.001. The clinical value of distal blood pressure measurements for diagnosis and control of medical and surgical therapy in occlusive arterial disease is emphasized, and the relative merits of the two techniques are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a condition concerning primary and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Percentage of the pulmonary arteries be blocked with thrombotic material before significant pulmonary hypertension develops; Likelihood of reflex pulmonary hypertension to be mediated through histamine; Occurrence of primary and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in association with aminorex.