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The multinucleate antipodal cells inLantana camara L. are described with reference to their duration. The occurrence of mitotic divisions of the antipodal nuclei is confirmed. The antipodal unit begins to degenerate after the second cell generation in endosperm.

In surveying the history of experimental intoxication of cattle and sheep by feeding the plant Lantana camara, SEAWRIGHT~~ pointed out that in prior reports, only gross pathological findings were described. In a study in which 25 sheep were poisoned, resulting in five deaths, SEAWRIGHT reported that with the exception of the kidney, few significant histopathological changes were observed. In the livers of some sheep, marked centrolobular accumulation of bile pigment in parenchymal and Kupffer cells was all that could be observed. In sheep which died when hepatic dysfunction had apparently disappeared, no significant histopathological changes could be observed in the liver. SASTRY and MAHADEVAN~~ reported studies on experimental poisoning of sheep with “lantadenes” and while hepatic lesions were reported as being present, no description of the histopathology of the affected organs was given. TOA HEIKEL et al.35 used rehmannic acid extracted from lantana leaf in studies on bile flow in the rabbit. While paralysis of bile flow could be produced with intraperitoneal administration of the suspended finely powdered crystals, affected livers showed no significant histological changes. HANZON~~ had shown in studies on the dynamics of bile flow in normal and intoxicated mouse liver that it was possible to halt bile flow from cells which were histologically normal. TOA HEIKEL et a1.35 and SEAWRIGHT~~ then accepted that lantana plant (or lantana derived rehmannic acid) poisoning were instances of the so called “intra

La fotosensibilización hepatógena se estudia por los servicios veterinarios desde el siglo pasado, estableciéndose una de las causales de ésta enfermedad la Lantana camara (verbena morada), donde los animales presentaban hemorragias y dermatitis, no reportándose la presencia de plantas fotosensibilizadoras, ni dermatitis ocasionada por otra causa según los resultados laboratoriales, sólo la evidencia del consumo junto al forraje de la planta Ageratum houstonianum Mill. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar algunos efectos tóxicos de las plantas A. houstonianum y L. camara en terneros y se realizó a partir de la formación de dos grupos de animales (terneros) intoxicados experimentalmente con A. houstonianum y L. camara basado en las regulaciones de bienestar animal para los casos estudiados. Se estudiaron aspectos relacionados con la triada, tiempo de sangramiento y de coagulación en los que hubo evidencias de alteración para los parámetros fisiológicos de la especie en los animales tratados. Los análisis estadísticos se basaron en t student y regresión lineal. Palabras clave: Plantas fotosensibilizantes, fotosensibilización, hemorragias, dermatitis, Intoxicación por plantasDOI: 10.5377/calera.v10i14.28

Six species of phytopbagous mites of Laratana camara L. from che neocropical region are discussed. A revision of the literatura on the subject is given. Lastana camara L. (Verbenaceae) is a neotropical plant of no economic importance, being sometimes used as an ornamental in this area. This plant has been introduced to South Africa and Australia intended as au ornamental and there it developed into a serious plague.

Essential oil of fresh matured leaves of Lantana camara L. growing in Bangladesh were analyzed by GC-MS technique. Sixty two compounds were identified in the oil. The major constituents identified include caryophyllene (13.57%), α-caryophyllene (11.76%), germacrene D (10.88%), isocaryo-phyllene (9.59%), γ- muurolene (6.85%) and γ-elemene (5.65%). Lantana camara L. (Fam. Verbenaceae) a native of tropical America, was introduced in Bangladesh as a hedge and an ornamental shrub and now has become an aggressive weed. The leaves are used in the treatment of tumors, tetanus, rheumatism, malaria and reported to possess diaphoretic, carminative, antiseptic properties, and are main source of phosphorous and pot assium when used as green mulch (Raju 2000). The plant has also been shown to have fungitoxic activity (Saksena and Tripathi1985), to be autotoxic (Arora and Kahli 1993), and to be poisonous to grazing animals (Motion 1994) and antioxidant (Romero and Saavedra 2005). The oil is reported to possess insecticidal (Patil et al. 1997), and repellent activities towards bees, mosquitoes and cattle flies (Attri and Singh 1978). The leaf oil of L. camara exhibits ovipositional (Adebayo and Gbolade 1994), and antimicrobial activities (Saxena and Sharma 1999). Khan et al. (2002) also reported germacene D (20.5%), 3-elemene (10.3%), β-caryophyllene (9.4%), β-elemene (7.3%), α-copane (5.0%) and α-cadinene (3.3%) as main constituents in oil of Indian Lantana. The leaves of L. camara were collected from the wild sources of Chittagong during September 2006 and the oils were extracted by hydro distillation method for 4 hrs using Clevenger apparatus. The oil obtained was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The essential oil from leaves of L. camara was analyzed by GC-MS electron impact ionization (EI) method on GC-17A gas chromatograph (Shimadzu) coupled to a GC-MS QP 5050A Mass Spectrometer (Shimadzu); fused silica capillary column (30m × 2.5mm; 0.25 μ m film thickness), coated with DB -1 (JW column temperature 100oC (2 min) to 250 o C at the rate of 3 o C/min; carrier gas, helium at constant pressure of 90 Kpa. Acquisition parameters full scan; scan range 40-350 amu. The compounds were identified by comparing with the NIST library data. GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 62 c onstituents from the leaf oil of L. camara. Analysis of the oil showed that the oil was a complex mixture of numerous compounds; many of which were present in trace amounts . The identified compounds accounted for more than 95% of the total oils. The major components were caryophyllene (13.57%), α-caryophyllene (11.76%), germacrene D (10.88%), isocaryophillene (9.59%), γ-muurolene (6.85%), γ-elemene (5.65%). In addition there were δ-cadinene (4%), γ-terpinene (3.97%), copaene (3.14%), eucalyptol (2.76%), 3-carene (1.96%), β-pinene (1.43%), sabinene (1.18%), limonene (1.18%), o-cymene (1.11%), borneol (1.13%), germacrene D-4-ol (1.10%). It is worth mentioning here that there is great variation in the chemical composition of L. camara oils reported up to now from the different parts of the world ( Rana et al. 2005, Pino et al. 2004, Oyedeji et al. 2003). It is clear that in different geographical regions the chemical composition of