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A suitable callus induction and efficient regeneration protocol for orchardgrass ( Dactylis golomerata L.) was developed. It consisted of 3 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.1 mg/l BA + 1 g/l CH + 300 mg/l L-proline + 40 mg/l L-cysteine + 30 g/l sucrose in MS showed the highest percentage of callus induction. Maltose exhibited better in regeneration than other types of carbon sources. Highest (71%) regeneration was obtained from N6 medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 3 mg/l BA + 1 g/l CH + 300 mg/l L-proline + 40 mg/l L-cysteine + 30 g/l maltose. Among the nine cultivars of orchardgrass ( Dactylis golomerata L.), genotypic variation was observed in both callus induction and regeneration. Overall callus induction and regeneration rates were 23 - 73 and 17 - 71%, respectively. Key words: Dactylis golomerata , Orchardgrass, Mature seeds, Additives, Regeneration, Maltose. D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3240 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17 (2): 193-207, 2007 (December)

Purpose The aim of this study is to identify the prognostic factors of distant metastasis (DM) after induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). Materials and Methods A total of 321 patients with HNC who underwent IC followed by CRT treated between January 2005 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. IC consisted of three courses of docetaxel (70 mg/m2) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) every three weeks, followed by radiotherapy of 66-70 Gy/2 Gy per fraction/5 fractions per week concurrent with weekly cisplatin (40 mg/m2). Tumor/nodal stage, primary site, tumor differentiation, lower neck node involvement (level IV, VB, and supraclavicular regions), number of concurrent chemotherapy cycles, overall duration of radiotherapy, and response to IC were assessed as potential prognostic factors influencing DM and survival outcome. Results The five-year loco-regional recurrence and DM rates were 23.6% and 18.2%. N stage, overall duration of radiotherapy, lower neck node involvement, and response to IC were significant factors for DM. With a median follow-up period of 52 months (range, 4 to 83 months), the 5-year progression-free, DM-free, and overall survival rates were 41.2%, 50.7%, and 55.1%, respectively. Lower neck node involvement (p=0.008) and poor response to IC (p < 0.001) showed an association with significantly inferior DM-free survival. Conclusion Even with the addition of IC, the DM rate and survival outcome were poor when metastatic lower neck lymph nodes were present or when patients failed to respond after receiving IC.

Vapor-liquid equilibrium distribution ratios for hydrocarbons can be computed by the new equations presented in this work with higher accuracy than is possible by previous generalized methods. In this proposed new method, the three coefficients of the combination Viγi/ϕi are newly developed and generalized functions. The vapor-phase fugacity coefficient ϕi was formulated via a new generalized equation of state, and the liquid-phase activity coefficient γi is predicted via a proposed new equation that contains three generalized binary interaction coefficients for each binary set in a mixture. These interaction coefficients were developed from experimental K value data. Two expressions are employed in predicting the liquid fugacity coefficient Vi, one for the real liquid state and one for the hypothetical liquid state, the latter being developed empirically from experimental K value data also. These two Vi equations are also generalized. This new K value prediction method gave an average absolute deviation of 5.25% on a total of 3,504 data points on 19 hydrocarbons in binary and ternary mixtures, these data points being selected so that they cover the range of pure component Tr = 0.5 and up and pressures up to 0.9 of the true mixture critical pressure. Inclusion of nonhydrocarbon-hydrocarbon systems in the evaluation gave an overall absolute deviation of 6.33% for 4,290 K value data points on 23 components.

Twenty potted plants each of Donner variety were transfered from the open to a greenhouse, in which minimum temperature was maintained higher than 10°C, at two weeks intervals from September 28 to February 2. One half of each group was kept under natural day length, while another half was exposed to longday (16 hours), and their subsequent vegetative and flowering behaviors were recorded.Petiole length and leaf area of new leaves and flower cluster length were reduced as the transfer was delayed until November 23, and thereafter, they were increased as it was delayed. This result showed that dormancy in Donner variety was deepest in late November, and was broken gradually by chilling temperature during winter in this experimental condition.Vegetative growth of the plants exposed to long day was better than that of the corresponding plants grown under natural day length (short day). The promoting effect of long day was least in the plants transfered in late November, and was significant in the plants in non-dormant condition.Runner was not formed in the plants transfered earlier than January 18 under natural day length, and earlier than January 4 under long day condition. It seemed that the plants could not form runners until their dormancy was nearly broken.A flowering period of about 60 days was followed by a second flowering period with a short interval of few flowerings in the plants under natural day length. Under long day condition, the second flowering period was observed in the plants exclusively transfered from October 26 to January 4 while it was not found in the plants transfered earlier or later than the above mentioned period. This result suggested that the plants in deep dormancy could form flower buds even under the long day condition which was known to be unfavorable to the flower bud formation.Proper time of covering plants with plastic film was discussed in relation to the forcing of Donner variety.

Analytical expressions for calculating vapor-liquid compositions, enthalpies, and entropies have been developed for hydrocarbon mixtures containing none or some of the nonhydrocarbon gases and evaluated against experimental measurements of vapor-liquid equilibria and enthalpies. The evaluation results show that the proposed equations can be applied over wide range of conditions with good accuracy. These equations are extensions and improvements of equations presented previously by Lee and Edmister (1971c) mainly for low temperature thermodynamic property calculations.

Enthalpies of the coexisting equilibrium vapor and liquid mixtures of the ethane-n-butane-n-pentane system are computed at several pressures. Saturated liquid enthalpies are obtained by using a new multicomponent Clapeyron equation with the B-W-R equation of state and the experimental temperature-composition data for the ternary mixture. Saturated vapor enthalpies are calculated by applying the B-W-R equation to the vapor mixture. Ideal gas state enthalpies are used in both vapor and liquid enthalpy calculations.