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Deposits of immunoglobulins were demonstrated at the basement membrane zone in oral lesions in 10 out of 11 patients with lupus erythematosus (LE), and in normal oral mucosa in one out of six patients with LE by means of an immunofluorescence staining technique. The reported findings arc in accordance with the findings in skin biopsies from cutaneous LE lesions. In cases of LE, difficult to diagnose clinically and histopathologically, the immunofluorescence staining technique may be of value as a supplementary diagnostic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histochemical staining methods were applied to a biopsy material from masseter and temporal muscles of subjects without known neuromuscular, systemic or malignant disease A total of 68 specimens were examined - 43-masseter and 14 temporal muscle specimens were obtained in dentate subjects, 11 specimens derived from temp- oral muscles of denture wearers. The staining reactions were compared with those of similarly treated specimens from biceps brachii muscles of eight other healthy subjects. The staining reactions showed differences in enzyme activity of masseter and temporal muscle as compared with human biceps brachii muscle. In addition to type I and type II fibers with a low and a high myofibrillar ATPase activity respectively, fibers with an intermediate activity were demonstrated Fibers with an intermediate ATPase reaction at pH 9.4 have not previously been described in man. After acid preincubation. there were some type II fibers with a strong ATPase activity in the masseter and temporal muscles, while the ATPase reaction of all type II fibers in biceps brachii was inhibited or partly inhibited. This reaction pattern of type II fibers has likewise not previously been demonstrated in man. In both masseter and temporal muscles, type I and type TI fibers were smaller than the corresponding types of fibers in biceps brachii Type I fibers were larger than type II fibers in the masseter as well as in the temporal muscles - in the masseter on an average 45 % larger and in the temporal muscles of dentate subjects 35 % larger than type II fibers The size differences were greater than those reported for limb muscles, ATPase intermediate fibers were generally also intermediate to type I and type II fibers as regards size. Mean percentages for fiber distribution in the masseter were, type I 28 %, type II 57.2 % and intermediate fibers 14.2 %. Corresponding values in the temporal muscles of dentate subjects were type I 30 9 %, type II 64-5 % and intermediate fibers 4.6 %. The percentages of type II and intermediate fibers in the masseter were negatively correlated (P <0 001), and it may be suggested that the inter- mediate fiber type is a transitional form originating from type II fibers The size of type I fibers in the masseter was significantly negatively correlated to the percentage distribution of this fiber type (P<0.001) A low number of type I units or a relatively low number of fibers within the unit may imply an increased loading which results in a compensatory enlargement of the fibers Neither size nor percentage distribution of different fiber types in the masseter was significantly correlated to the state of occlusion. In subjects who chewed on one side of the dentition exclusively, there was a higher frequency of type I (P <0.01), and a lower frequency of intermediate fibers (P < 0.05) on the chewing side than on the non-chewing side. There were no significant differences between the group mean values for the size of different fiber types in temporal muscles of denture wearers and of subjects with natural dentition. Within the denture series, however, there were smaller type II fibers in those subjects who rated their dentures as deficient than in those whose dentures were good (P <0.05) The percentage of type II fibers was lower in the denture wearers than in the subjects with natural dentition (P <0.05). The size of type II fibers in the masseter, hut not of type I or intermediate fibers, was significantly correlated to bite force. This indicated that primarily type II fibers are designed for maximum biting efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopsy specimens from temporal muscle of denture wearers and subjects with natural dentition were studied by biochemical staining methods. Size and distribution of fiber types were estimated in sections stained for myofibrillar ATPase at pH 9.4. The mean sizes of Type 1 ,* Type 2 and intermediate fibers in denture wearers did not differ from those of the corresponding types of fibers in subjects with natural dentition. In the denture series, Type 2 fibers were smaller in subjects who rated their dentures as deficient than they were in those whose dentures were good. The frequency of intermediate fibers was low in both series. The mean percentage distribution of Type 2 fibers in specimens from the internal surface of the temporal muscle was significantly lower in the denture series than in the specimens from subjects with natural dentition. It is suggested that the low content of Type 2 fibers in the specimens from the internal surface of the temporal muscle of denture wearers and the small size of Type 2 fibers in subjects who rated their dentures as deficient may be attributed to altered functional demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of a comprehensive daily fertility clinic are presented for the years 1970–72, together with a 2-month schedule of investigation for the couples. Twenty-seven per cent had ovulation problems, 18% fallopian tube blockage or adhesions, 25% oligo- or aspermia and 27% were normal to investigation. The treatment of these conditions is discussed; the highest pregnancy rate was seen in those with no treatment (45%) indicating the use of reassurance after complete investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

What may be a new disease has been afflicting infants and young children in Japan since 1960. It is an acute, febrile mucocutaneous condition accompanied by swelling of cervical lymph nodes (tentatively called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome [MLNS]). It may be misdiagnosed as scarlet fever, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or infantile periarteritis nodosa. The disease is now known to be widely occuring all over Japan with an increasing incidence each year. More than 6,000 cases have been reported as of 1973. One to two percent of the patients reported have died suddenly of cardiac failure. All the autopsies showed infantile periarteritis nodosa-like arteritis accompanied by coronary thrombosis and aneurysm. Some of the surviving cases have been shown to have similar changes. These findings lead us to believe that this clinical picture is a new clinical entity. Recently, rickettsia-like bodies were found by electron microscopy in biopsy specimens from the skin and lymph nodes of the patients. The bodies were isolated by yolk sac culture and their pathogenicity is now under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric mucosal biopsies from eight new untreated patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and two normal subjects were studied by quantitative techniques of electron microscopy (EM) to determine whether presecreted gastric mucus was more compact (viscid) than normal. Analysis of variance techniques show no differences between means of all groups studied. These observations suggest that mucus may not be viscid prior to secretion. Electron microscopy of gastric mucus does not appear to be of diagnostic value in CF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal biopsies from 84 children, representing 8 diagnostic categories of kidney disease, were studied in the electron microscope and by immunofluorescence for evidence of IgG, IgM, IgA, complement, fibrinogen (Fib), and beta-lipoprotein (BLp). The glomeruli of five patients, two of whom had glomerulonephritis; one, membranous glomerulonephritis; one, hemolytic uremic syndrome; and one, lipoidal nephrosis, contained BLp and Fib, and four of these also contained immunoglobulins and complement. The BLp deposition in renal glomeruli was not clearly associated with either clinical or biochemical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human skin surface outside the areas bearing dermatoglyphics has been studied and an attempt made to explain the surface pattern in simple geometric and functional terms. The basic geometrical unit is a rectangle or square which in turn is subdivided by one or two diagonals. The triangles and diamonds thus formed undergo varying degrees of collapse under tension. These collapse units are sometimes composed of smaller polygonal compressible sub units with a distinctly honeycomb appearance. The hexagonal shape of the individual horny cell is an ideal smallest structural unit within this geometric system. The regional differences are considerable, but can be explained by the regional differences in the mechanical requirements. These features are of considerable functional significance for the stretching and deformation of the essentially inelastic stratum corneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopsies of stratum corneum were taken from twenty-four human volunteers, who had been patch tested for 3 h with two experimental detergent solutions coded A and B. The histochemical method for acid phosphatase demonstrated that both solutions damaged the stratum corneum, A more than B. It would seem that the staining reaction for acid phosphatase in the stratum corneum is a marker of the response of cells to damage by low irritancy compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biopsies from affected skin of sixty-two patients with stable psoriasis were investigated by in vitro labelling with tritiated thymidine and by routine histological techniques. In the same patient there were considerable variations in the number of DNA-synthesizing ceils in biopsies taken from different but similarly located lesions of the same macroscopic appearance, whereas variations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in biopsies taken from the same lesions were less pronounced. With due regard given to this finding, it is shown that treatment with dithranol for I and 2 weeks significantly reduces the number of DNA-synthesizing cells. There was an inverse relationship comparing the development of the granular layer with the number of DNA-synthesizing cells and parakeratosis. The variations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in different lesions in the same patient may also have implications for paired comparisons of topical treatment efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case report is presented of a patient with an eruption of acute onset shown to be follicular mucinosis by biopsy, and which responded to oral dapsone therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The skin surface biopsy technique using a cyanoacrylate contact cement was employed for the diagnosis and study of superficial mycoses. The biopsy specimens were used for quick direct examination after treatment with potassium hydroxide and blue-black ink, direct examination after staining with the periodic-acid Schiff method, fungal culture and scanning electron microscopy. Skin surface biopsies were taken from 724 patients for one or more of these purposes. Direct examination and culture of the specimens proved simple, and reliable for diagnostic use in clinical practice. In addition, the morphology of the infective agent could easily be studied in detail in its in vivo arrangement in the intact sheets of horny layer, either in stained preparations or under the scanning electron microscope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study on adult patients with nephrotic syndrome and diffuse epithelial cell disease. Clinical assessment of the patients; Groups in which the patients were histologically separated after the assessment; Features of patients with focal glomerulosclerosis.

Proposes a procedure for biopsy and light microscopic evaluation of the nasal mucous membrane. Comparison of pathological features of the nose and lip biopsies of patients with Sj ouml; gren's syndrome; Explanation for the xerorhinia observed in the patients; Significance of the procedure to the evaluation of patients with xerophthalmia, xerostomia and xerorhinia.

Presents a study which examined a family affected with the Noonan syndrome which consist of the pulmonary valvar stenosis, small stature, hypertelorism, mild mental retardation, ptosis, undescended testes, and skeletal malformations. Information on patients and methods; Results and discussion; Details of the histological findings; Implication of the direct male-to-male transmission of the Noonan syndrome in the family.

Describes a case of a patient with pituitary tumor associated with feminization and hyperprolactinemia. Details of the clinical characteristics of the patient; Results of the endocrine test given to the patient; Implication of the presence of prolactin-staining cell in pituitary tumors of men.

, , 38-50. Coronary perfusion and hypothermia both have disadvantages, and excellent clinical results are obtained without them, though short operations, spontaneous cooling of unperfused hearts, hyperglycaemia, heparinization, and young and cyanotic subjects may allow more tolerance of ischaemia. Functional, macroscopic, histological, ultrastructural, chemical, and metabolic evidence of the inadvisability of ischaemia, especially of hypertrophied hearts, abounds, though statistical support and histochemical proof are lacking. Isovolumic function tests permit accurate assessment of compliance. Succinic dehydrogenase distribution is the most relevant enzyme assay of myocardial transport; freed phospholipids indicate cellular membrane disorganization. Adenosinetriphosphate response of myosin (myocardial ATP ase) is shown quantitatively by change of birefringence. Ventricular oedema may be detected by changes in weight. These tests were used to compare continuous normothermic, intermittent hypothermic, and intermittent normothermic perfusion over two hours in isolated, cross-perfused canine hearts. Isolated hearts are very sensitive to imperfections of maintenance, but cross-perfusion minimizes perfusion-induced deterioration. Normothermic continuously perfused hearts performed significantly better than intermittently perfused hearts, among which cooled hearts functioned better than normothermic hearts after two hours. Succinic dehydrogenase and acid haematein tests showed significant benefit from cooling during intermittent perfusion. The experimental preparation and techniques of assessment proved sensitive enough to demonstrate these differences, though cooling preserved cellular enzymes better than it did function. This work gives histochemical and statistical support to existing evidence that intermittent ischaemia for two hours can be ameliorated by moderate hypothermia but is not as effective for myocardial maintenance as constant perfusion with normal blood. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Using histochemical techniques the source and nature of nasal mucus and secretions has been investigated. The secretions from the serous and mucous glands in the stroma consist of acid mucopolysaccharides and mucoprotein. The mucins from the goblet glands are similar but sulfated. The large ducts have a secretory function also. The capillary net lies in the epithelium, allowing rapid transudation to take place. The basement membrane is PAS negative during early life and is permeable. It becomes progressively more PAS positive with age because of this. A comparative study of the uses of mucus has shown that its physio-chemical characteristics are the most prominent. Mucus may act as a retainer for substances, exhibit surface electrical activity, have permeability and act as a mesh. It is an adhesive, protects the mucosa and transports particulate matter. It allows heat transfer and has water holding properties. It is suggested that mucus has been utilized throughout evolution because of its protean physiochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a series of 301 patients with ulcerative colitis forty-eight developed the disease before the age of 20. In this group of forty-eight patients there were four cases of serious chronic liver disease as compared with a total of seven cases of chronic liver disease in the whole series. The hepatic lesions in the patients developing colitis in childhood were unrelated to the extent, duration or severity of the colitis but colitis in very early life appeared to predispose to liver disease subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Apparently new information about a metabolic abnormality has been obtained by measuring biochemical and respiratory responses to controlled exercise in a patient with abnormal mitochondria in muscle fibres. A male patient (49 years old) presented with bilateral ptosis of 15 to 20 years' duration and weakness for one to two years. Biopsies from the deltoid and triceps muscles were subjected to histological, histochemical, and electron microscopical examination. Routine histology showed only minor changes; 2-5% of muscle fibres had pale borders in which there were aggregates of mitochondria and 1-5% of fibres showed atrophy. Histochemical examination showed increased activity of succinic dehydrogenase in mitochondria and lactate dehydrogenase in cytoplasm. Electron microscopy showed crystalline inclusions in many subsarcolemmal mitochondria. Metabolites were studied during and after exercise on an ergometer and revealed remarkable differences from normal. Blood lactate rose to 12·5 μmol/ml and pyruvate to 0·39 μmol/ml compared with up to 4·0 and 0·16 μmol/ml respectively in controls exercising to a comparable percentage of capacity. Concentrations of ketone-bodies and free fatty acids fell during and after exercise, while they rose in the controls. These observations imply a major mitochondrial defect which causes dramatic biochemical changes in fuel supply in blood during exercise. The changes suggest that fat metabolism was accelerated (in this patient) and was related to a block of carbohydrate utilization as fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases suffering from the syndrome of `continuous muscle-fibre activity' have been followed-up for 14 years. These patients have gradually gone into remission and no longer require therapy. The results of recent histology, histochemistry, and electronmicroscopy, as well as sural nerve biopsy studies, are presented. The sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium binding activity and ATPase activity are normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluates the results of biopsy and cytology in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Total lesions of early cancers with cancerous invasion within the submucosa that were correctly diagnosed; Correlation between macroscopic classification and diagnostic accuracy of biopsy; Results of gastric lavage cytology under direct vision.

Describes the differential diagnosis of ulcerative and granulomatous colitis by sigmoidoscopy, rectal biopsy and cell counts of rectal mucosa. Clinical diagnosis of noninfectious inflammatory bowel disease; Materials and methodology of the study; Discussion on the results of the study.

Describes a case of scleroderma of the gastrointestinal tract in a middle-aged woman. Diagnosis of scleroderma by skin biopsy; Physical examination of the condition of the patient; Radiographic study of the upper gastrointestinal tract of the patient.

The specific gravities (SG) of bone samples taken from various parts of the skeleton of cattle and sheep were determined gravimetrically in an effort to establish which sites give the most reproducible and uniform results, so that between animals, or sequential within animals, comparisons may be made with maximum sensitivity. Samples obtained from the mandible of sheep and the rib of cattle and sheep were found to be too variable to be useful for most purposes. Best results were obtained using whole bones which are easily prepared, such as the tibial tarsal bones of cattle and sheep and the fibular tarsal bone of cattle. These bones gave within animal deviations of 0.012-0.024 SG units, when comparing left bone with right bone. Slightly higher values were obtained for coccygeal vertebrae from cattle and distal metacarpal condyles from sheep. SG was related to ash, calcium and phosphorus contents of coccygeal vertebrae of cattle and it is considered that, for survey work on the mineral status of the bones of cattle and sheep, the correlations are sufficiently high to make their determination unnecessary. This will enable radiation determined SG techniques to be applied to this type of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uptake and retention of fluoride in surface enamel in vivo after a single topical application of a neutral 2 % NaF solution was studied on the basis of 2-3 μm thick enamel biopsies from maxillary central incisors in adults and children. The biopsy technique included delimiting of the sampling area by means of abrasive-resistant, adhesive tape, punched with perforations of known sizes admitting of two biopsies on different places on the same tooth surface. This method made it possible to calculate the depth of each biopsy and to perform the comparative studies with intradental control. The F uptake was estimated by comparing F concentrations in biopsies taken before and 1 week after topical treatment. In teeth of 10- to 11-year-old children the F concentration increased 2.59 ± 393 parts/ 106, which is statistically significant (P < 0.002). The mean uptake in teeth of adults, 22-27 years of age, was 179 ± 401 parts/10°6 which did not exhibit statistical significance (P > 0.10). The F concentrations in biopsies taken 1 week and 8 weeks after treatment from teeth in children were almost identical, indicating that the acquired F is firmly fixed in the enamel for 2 months or longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The location of cell division was studied in oral epithelium of 24 rats aged 2, 6 and 25 months and in 10 biopsies of human gingiva. Half of the animals received injections of colchicine in the morning and the other half in the evening. The time interval between injection and sacrifice was 3½ h. Serial sections of the rat gingiva, palate and tongue, and of the human gingival biopsies, were prepared. Almost all mitoses which in individual sections appeared to be located superficial to the 2 deepest cell layers of the epithelium were shown to be situated next to the basement membrane when adjacent sections were superimposed. Wax models (× 300) of the rat specimens designed to study the distribution of the mitotic cells showed that cell division was restricted to the cell layers adjacent to the basement membrane and that dividing cells tended to occur in clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among 50,915 individuals from 4 different states of India, 723 oral leukoplakias were biopsied and examined for the presence of Candida. Histologic sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and PAS; 6.8 % of the biopsies showed Candida estimated on the basis of a single PAS stained section. All Candida-positive cases were seen in males. The most striking observation was that out of 325 palatal biopsies in reverse smokers only one Candida-positive case was seen on the palate and none was seen on the labial mucosa out of 33 biopsies. It was surprising that although the number of leukoplakias among tobacco chewers was high, all of the Candida-positive cases, except one, were observed among smokers. Seven (14 %) of the 49 Candida-positive biopsies showed epithelial atypia. No significant association between Candida-positive cases and atypia was found.

This paper reports on a study of wound healing in the gingiva of young and aged human beings. Healthy facial gingiva of young (mean age 23 years) and old (mean age 70 years) persons were selected on the basis of the criteria of the Gingival Index and on gingival exudate measurements. The depth of the gingival crevices was measured and casts were produced for recording the level of the gingival margin. A 2 mm wide biopsy was performed to the bottom of the crevice according to a standardized technique. The progress of healing and regeneration of the crevice were studied clinically at 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 days. In the aged patients additional assessments were made at 70, 100, and 300 days. At the termination of the observation period new casts were produced. The results showed that from a qualitative point of view healing occurred somewhat earlier in young as compared with old individuals. However, the most conspicuous difference was that whereas the free gingiva of the young adults regenerated to pre-operative levels within 60 days, that of old individuals never did regenerate completely. This lack of regenerative capacity of the aged individual is discussed with reference to general principles of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral leukoplakias and clinically normal mucosa of 226 patients were examined by smear or biopsy or both. From the biopsies eleven consecutive sections were evaluated, the first section being stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the following ten with PAS. Clinically normal mucosa did not show Candida, whereas Candida was present in 31 % of the biopsied leukoplakias. Eight of the 30 Candida-invaded biopsies did not contain the hyphae in all ten PAS stained sections. Had only one section been evaluated per biopsy, the risk of arriving at a false negative diagnosis was estimated to be 13 %. 40 % of leukoplakia biopsies invaded by Candida showed atypia and 67 % of all atypias were associated with Candida. No relationship between intensity of Candida invasion and presence of atypia could be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present investigation has been to examine whether the histopathologic changes in the minor salivary glands in patients with Sjögren's syndrome are of the same nature as the changes in the major salivary glands. Punch-biopsies were taken from the lower labial mucosa in 14 patients; 12 of these had a verified Sjögren's syndrome. In 10 patients changes in accordance with those of a benign lymphoepithelial lesion were present in the minor salivary glands. The technique was found valuable in the diagnosis of general disorders with salivary gland involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of 48 patients with leukoplakia on the floor of the mouth, the study has shown that (1) of the patients with leukoplakias in this location, two-thirds are female, as opposed to a ratio of one-third females for other locations, (2) the habit of cheroot smoking is often associated with the floor of the mouth leukoplakia, (3) 6 % of the 36 biopsies exhibited epithelial atypia, and (4) the floor of the mouth leukoplakias should not be considered epithelial nevi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the clinicopathologic correlation and histochemical characterization of submucosal deposits from three patients with snuff dipper's keratosis. Each patient underwent a thorough oral examination, and a complete history was obtained concerning the kind of snuff used, the frequency and duration of application, and other tobacco habits. A biopsy of the clinical white lesion was then obtained taking care to include submucosa and associated glandular elements. The findings indicates the staining characteristics of the submucosal deposits in the three cases of snuff dipper's keratosis.

It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of IgE in glomeruli of nineteen patients with the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, using immunofluorescent techniques. Nine patients had minimal lesions, six were untreated; three had mesangial proliferation, all were untreated; seven had focal glomerular sclerosis, four were untreated. Occasional areas of smudgy positive staining were seen in glomeruli of six nephrotic patients with fluorescein-tagged goat anti-IgE but not with an immunologically identical, stronger rabbit anti-IgE. The pattern of staining and absorption studies indicated that this did not reflect the presence of IgE. Experience was similar with kidney biopsies from seventeen patients with a variety of renal diseases, including three with diffuse membranous nephropathy, and six patients who were kidney transplant donors. A mesangial pattern of staining for IgM and β1C globulin was present in seventeen of the nineteen biopsies from patients with nephrotic syndrome and either minimal changes or focal glomerular sclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugates of antibody with the enzyme marker, peroxidase, are relatively easy to prepare and can be shown to have a sensitivity in the indirect test for antinuclear antibodies which is entirely comparable to that obtained with fluorescein labelled material. Clear cut results were obtained in tests for autoantibodies on tissue sections and for bound IgG in biopsies using an antihuman immunoglobulin conjugate. Antibodies to Treponema pallidum were also readily demonstrable. Only a simple light microscope is required, slides can be read without fatigue and the morphology of the tissue section can be easily assessed. It is concluded that the peroxidase technique offers a useful alternative to immunofluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sera obtained from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were tested for anti- bodies to tumour and to normal nasopharyngeal cells, by means of indirect immunofluorescence using frozen sections. Thirteen of twenty-eight sera obtained at the time of biopsy reacted. strongly with one or more autologous tumour cell. constituents (membranes, nuclei, cytoplasm). The membrane and nuclear antigens were common to tumour cells from all biopsies and were represented on occasional normal nasopharyngeal cells, both epithelial and lymphoid. The cytoplasmic antigen was common to all tumour cells and normal epithelial cells. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a virus plays a part in the causation of this tumour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pretreatment diagnostic renal biopsies from fifty Nigerian children with the nephrotic syndrome were investigated by immunofluorescence for immunoglobulin classes, complement and specific antigens. Nineteen of these were re-examined after an interval of 10-15 months. Forty-eight first biopsies were positive for bound γ-globulins, usually IgM and IgG but sometimes for one of these alone; was not detected. Thirty-three were positive for bound complement (C3 component). IgM was associated with granular deposits and complement, IgG with both granular and continuous deposits, the latter usually lacking complement. Plasmodium malariae antigen was found in nine of thirty-six cases examined; no P. falciparum or streptoiysin-O antigens were observed. Immunoglobulins G and M were found in tubules in seventeen of the fifty patients, in five together with complement. P. malariae antigen was observed in tubules in eleven of thirty-six eases. Repeat biopsies from four patients who had recovered were negative with all reagents. Patients on anti-malarial therapy only. and those responding poorly to steroids or cyclophosphamide, showed no significant change in glomerular fluorescence, but a higher incidence of tubular fluorescence was noted in second biopsies. In patients with a poor response to Imuran treatment the pattern of glomerular fluorescence changed from granular to diffuse and tubular staining was not observed. In some patients increased levels or antiglobulins (rheumatoid factor type) were detected in later sera. The nature of the bound immunoglobulins was confirmed by elution of complexes and immunodiffusion. It is suggested that an antigen-antibody complex with F. malariae antigen can produce renal damage with liberation of autoantigens which have the capacity to initiate self-perpetuating autoimmune disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P-K reaction was studied in twenty biopsy proven leprosy cases who denied any personal histories of atopic diseases and exhibited no reaction to antigenic extracts or homologous serum. The reaginic sera used were obtained from well-documented cases of asthma, which gave highly positive (+ + to + + +) P-K reaction in normal individuals. The P-K reactions were positive in 20% of leprosy cases. The intensity of weal and erythema was depressed even in these cases. Type and stage of the disease did not seem to influence the weal and flare of P-K reaction. In the light of these findings a possible mechanism of P-K reaction has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immunofluorescent microscopy studies of jejunal biopsies from ten patients with gluten-induced enteropathy are reported. Eight biopsies were examined before and five after..onset of gluten-free diet. Fluorescent antisera specifically reacting with IgA, IgG and IgM were applied, and accordingly the cells were differentiated and quantitated. The immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an increased amount of immunoglobulin-containing cells in both treated and untreated cases of sprue. The distribution of the immunoglobulin-containing cells within the three immunoglobulin classes was significantly altered as the proportion of IgM- and IgG- containing cells was elevated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell suspensions of Burkitt's lymphomas and cell lines derived from the same tumours were compared for immunoglobulin synthesis by analysis of the culture fluid. Thirty-one out of fifty tumour cell suspensions (i.e. twenty-one out of thirty-five patients) synthesized IgG (γ-chains) with type κ and/or type λ light chains; IgM synthesis was found in only five cases. Of the Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, twelve out of nineteen synthesized IgG (γ-chains); type κ light chains were produced by ten of these cell lines and type λ light chains by three. Only three cell lines synthesized μ chains. IgA synthesis was not detected in any of the biopsied tissues or cell lines. Comparison of the immunoglobulin synthesis by the cells of the biopsied tissue and the derived cell line showed very good agreement. This leads to the conclusion that the pattern of immunoglobulins synthesized by Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines is representative of the original tumour. Investigation of cells from repeat biopsies, and serial testing of the derived ceil lines showed that the capacity to synthesize particular immunoglobulins and chains remained constant. The fact that many of the biopsied tumour tissues and cell lines synthesized more than one immunoglobulin, or different classes of heavy chains and types of light chains, raises the question whether these immunoglobulin-producing cells originate from one or more cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Freshly dispersed cells from four Burkitt's lymphoma biopsies, and three ‘lymphoblast’ cell lines (OB2, OB3 and OB6) derived from the tumour were tested for capacity to synthesize immunoglobulins in vitro. Using labelled amino acid incorporation, electrophoretic, radio-immuno-electrophoretic and ultracentrifugation techniques, it was possible to demonstrate the release of labelled proteins with antigenic characteristics of immunoglobulins by all four biopsy samples, and the two cell fines tested by these techniques. Newly synthesized labelled proteins were demonstrable in the culture medium within 1 hour of incubation. In a separate series of experiments, absorption and immunodiffusion techniques were used in the characterization of proteins synthesized by two cell lines (OB2 and OB3) growing as healthy continuous cultures. (2) Freshly isolated cells from Burkitt's lymphoma are capable of immuno-globulin synthesis in vitro. Cells from all four fresh biopsy materials produced IgG. One cell fine (OB2) produced IgG and type-κ fight chains, while OB6 cell line 'produced IgA. Immunoglobulin synthesis was not detected in OB3 cell line by immunodiffusion technique. (3) Cells from each biopsy specimen or cell line produced not more than one type of immunoglobulin, although there was a wide variation in the sedimentation coefficient of the protein molecules synthesized by one (OB6) and presumably all other cell lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the records of all children at the University of Minnesota Hospitals who underwent emergency open lung biopsy between January 1, 1970 and January 1, 1972. Summary of underlying abnormality in each patient; Pathologic diagnoses obtained from all biopsies; Diagnoses of patients who have died as of October 1973.

Observations over a period of 6 years are reported on 10 children in whom the diagnosis of congenital sucrase isomaltase deficiency (SID) was confirmed by quantitative estimation of disaccharidase activity of the small intestinal mucosa. Repeat biopsies were performed on eight of the ten patients and showed no evidence that sucrase isomaltase activity is acquired. Sucrose tolerance tests (2 gm/kg) showed no significant rise in blood glucose in the patients in whom they were I performed, seven patients in whom they were performed. This condition may appear in young infants with severe diarrhea resulting in a malabsorption syndrome and failure to thrive. It may also be manifest in a milder clinical presentation with bothersome diarrhea in spite of normal growth and development in the older infant or young child. The diagnosis in this latter group can be difficult, and is frequently missed. Pediatrics, 49:847, 1972, CONGENITAL SUCRASE-ISOMALTASE DEFICIENCY, DISACCHARIDASE, INFANTILE DIARRHEA, MALABSORPTION, INTESTINAL BIOPSIES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

presents a histochemical and electron microscopic study of skeletal muscle in a case of Pompe's disease. Details on the case of an infant with glycogenosis; Result of a surgical biopsy of the gastroenemius muscle; Discussion on methodology used in the study.

Biopsies are often essential in establishing a diagnosis in lesions suspected of being malignant melanoma. Many physicians question the safety of such biopsies. Data on this point have been conflicting both with respect to animal and human studies. A high degree of variability in both tumor and host limits adequately controlled melanoma biopsy experiments in man. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of incisional and excisional biopsies on the incidence of metastases. Fortner's melanotic melanoma #1, a hamster tumor, was chosen for study because of morphologic and behavioral similarity to human melanoma. Incisional biopsies of this hamster melanoma tacked significant adverse effect on the incidence of metastases. Excisional biopsies of these tumors resulted in significantly fewer metastases than incisional biopsies or no biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the rate of maturation of MCV in vivo, we injected tritiated thymidine intradermally into 23 lesions of molluscum contagiosum and obtained biopsies at intervals from 1 hour to 8 days later. The tissues were processed for electron microscopic autoradiography, and the patterns of viral maturation were determined by the localization of silver grains over developing virions at different time intervals. The findings demonstrate that maturation of molluscum contagiosum (MCV) in vivo is asynchronous. Some virions mature rapidly, within 1 to 2.5 hours, but the majority mature more slowly; 94 percent are mature in 5 days. A comparative study revealed that maturation of virions in infected cells occurred more rapidly in the granular layer than in the malpighian layer. Uncoated virions in newly infected cells were seen in viable epidermal cells in all layers, including dividing basal cells. "Second-stage uncoating" together with "viral factory" formation were observed only in malpighian cells at the time intervals examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demonstration of tissue-fixed immunoglobulins in skin biopsies in a useful diagnostic procedure in lupus erythematosus and bullous diseases. The main limitation of the procedure has been the need for frozen tissue. A solution containing ammonium sulfate, N-ethyl maleimide, and magnesium sulfate in citrate buffer has been developed for the preservation of tissue-fixed immunoglobulins. Preserved specimens can be mailed to laboratories and the need for frozen sections is removed in most cases. Matched frozen and fixed specimens from 13 patients yielded comparable results. Freezing and thawing before fixation resulted in decreased or complete loss of fluorescence. Fixed sections could also be stained with horseradish peroxidase-labelled immunoglobulins with good results. The remaining tissue could be fixed subsequently in 10% formalin for routine histologic examination with satisfactory results. The fixative should make the demonstration of tissue-fixed immunoglobulins a readily available clinical test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphocytolysis had been thought to be the mechanism by which cortisol suppressed delayed hypersensitivity reaction. However, recent evidence reveals that guinea pigs and humans are cortisol-resistant and their lymphocytes are not lysed by cortisol. We therefore investigated the cellular effect of cortisol on tuberculin reactions in guinea pigs. tuberculinsensitive guinea pigs were treated with cortisol with cortisol intraperitoneally daily for four days, and biopsies ot these and control animals were fixed for electron microscopy. Differential cell counts of biopsy specimens revealed that cortisol treatment resulted in a greater in a reduction in macrophages than small lymphocytes. This disproportionate reduction in macrophages, viewed from the migration inhibitor factor (MIF) model of delayed hypersensitivity, shows that either the sensitized Iymphocyte is unable to produce and release MIF or the macrophage itself cannot respond to MIF when treated with cortisol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]