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creased astronomically in the last quarter-century. While much of this increment is the result of vastly increased government appropriations administered by the National Institutes of Health, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has expanded its research and development expenditures manyfold. In 1965, 12% ($338,000,000) of the previous year's ethical drug sales was spent for this purpose (PMA, 1965-66). Approximately half of the research and development personnel are biologists of one type or another. According to the most recently available figures, about 15% of all biologists were employed by the pharmaceutical industry in 1964 (PMA, 1965-66; Leisner, 1965). There can be no doubt that the primary motivation for the expenditure of such a large sum by the pharmaceutical industry for research is the desire to discover, develop, and market new drugs, but it would be simplistic to equate this drive for new drugs solely with profits. Industry personnel, managers and scientists alike, possess a genuine humanitarian desire to alleviate man's physical ills. The drug industry has learned the lesson that research

Recently, cell based therapy become a popular topic in research fields. This therapy offers great potential to treat many diseases. Adipose-derived stem cell (ASCs) is known to have the special characteristic due to its abundant availability and easily harvesting. Then it rapidly advanced into clinical trials for treatment of a broad range of medical conditions. Before translating ASCs from bench to bedside, this process is facing other problems through fetal bovine serum (FBS) elimination. Animal-derived serum is not a suitable option for ASCs expansion regarding the possibility of viral or bacterial infection and immune reaction. By replacing FBS with other non-animal serum which gives the same effect as FBS, may significantly enhances the safety and quality of ASCs. Pooled human AB serum (AB-HS), human serum (HS), pooled human plasma lysate (PL), umbilical cord serum (UCS)/placental serum (PS), thrombinactivated platelet rich plasma (tPRP) or serum free (SF)/xeno-free (XF) have been considered as FBS alternatives and some already applied in clinical trials with human cells. This article focuses on a prospective alternatives serum through the elimination of FBS.