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There are at present few papers in the literature dealing with the kineticsof copolymerization of fluorinated vinyl monomers. This is due on the one hand to difficulties involved in such studies because of the poor solubility of the products, and on the other hand to lack of a well defined theory of copolymerization under heterogenous conditions. If the reaction is carried out at low pressures and is confined to low conversions, heterophase processes can be reduced to a minimum. By this means it is possible to determine the true reactivity ratios of the monomers, which is of undoubted theoretical interest. At the same time knowledge of these ratios alone, without additional information, is insufficient for description of the actual heterogenous process occurring at high pressure From the practical point of view, in view of the absence of a rigorous theory, the simplest approach to a quantitative description of such heterogenous processes is obviously to make use of homogenous copolymerization models. Then the reactivity ratios relevant to the process under heterogenous conditions will differ from the “true” values and will be only empirical parameters, dependent on the entire combination of conditions (nature of the solvent, the concentration of the reactants, temperature, degree of conversion etc.).

1. The benzoyl and trichloroacetyl isocyanates react with enol ethers to yield products with a linear structure. 2. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate reacts with vinyl ethyl sulfides to give the 2 + 4-cycloaddition product, and with alkene sulfides of the RSCH=CHR′ type to give produots with a linear structure. Benzoyl isocyanate does not react with alkene sulfides.

1. Benzoyl and trichloroacetyl isocyanates react with electrophilic reagents with greater difficulty than with nucleophilic reagents. 2. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with ethylpropionate, propargylmethyl ether, and cis-dichloroethylene according to a scheme of 1,2-cycloaddition. 3. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate interacts with propargylmethyl ether according to the type of 1,2-cy-cloaddition and according to the type of substitutional addition. 4. A dimer of benzoyl isocyanate was produced, and its structure was established.

1. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with epichlorohydrin and thioepichlorohydrin to give linear isomers. 2. The benzoyl and trichloroacetyl isocyanates react with cyclohexene sulfide to give both cyclic and linear isomers. 3. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with propylene sulfide to give both the cyclic and the linear isomer.

1. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with acrolein and diphenylacetylene by the 1,2-cyclo-addition type. 2. Benzoyl isocyanate and trichloroacetyl isocyanate react with γ -vinylpyridine by the 1,4-cyclo-addition type, with the formation of six-membered adducts. 3. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate reacts with p-halo-substituted phenylacetylenes by the 1,4-cyclo-addition type.

The atomic nitrogen amount at 107, 141 and 146 km was determined according to observations of the ethylene luminous clouds produced by meteorological rockets in 1969–1972. The luminous clouds of different forms were used: the spherical ones and trails. The atomic nitrogen concentration was calculated on the basis of experimental brightness of ethylene clouds measured in absolute units, on the basis of available values on the summary rate coefficients of the reaction N + C2H4, taking into account the radiation efficiency of the reaction N + C2H4. The atomic nitrogen concentrations obtained at ~ 140 km are much higher than those adopted from calculations of Nicolet et al.

1. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate reacts with the p-CH3- and p-CH3O-substituted and unsubstituted phenylacetylenes and certain tolanes of the 2,4-cycloaddition type, with the formation of 1,3-oxazin-4-one derivatives. 2. A thermographic study of the reaction of trichloroacetyl isocyanate with p-substituted phenylacetylenes revealed that the reactivity of p-substituted phenylacetylenes in the reaction with-trichloroacetyl isocyanate depends on the electronic effect of the substituents.

It was shown by dipole-moment and IR-spectroscopy methods that 3, 5-dibenzylidenetetrahydrothiopyran-4-one and its 1,1-dioxide exist in an envelope-type conformation (five atoms of the ring lie in one plane).

Temin postulated (1,2) that the viral DNA synthesized by the oncorna virion-associated reverse transcriptase (3,4) integrates into the host cell DNA as an essential step in the cellular transformation process. The studies of Hill and Hillova, who demonstrated that permissive cells were transformed by purified DNA molecules from transformed cells (5), confirmed Temin’s hypothesis. Thus, the oncorna virus-transformed cell contains viral DNA sequences in the cellular genome. The mechanism which leads to the integration of the viral DNA molecules into the cellular DNA is not yet known. Also, the cellular mechanisms which control the expression of the viral DNA are not yet understood. In permissive cells, transformation is accompanied by virus production, while in nonpermissive cells transformation occurs but without virus production. These findings suggest that in nonpermissive cells, the transcription of the viral DNA is controlled by the host cell process. Although the viral DNA is repressed in the nonpermissive cells, it was demonstrated (6) that virus synthesis could be induced by fusion of transformed cells with permissive cells. Treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) also induced virus replication (7), similar to the effect of arginine deprivation on nonpermissive cells (8). Although the mechanism of virus induction is not understood, the induction of virus replication was used to study the presence of oncorna viruses in cancer cells.

1. Benzoyl and trichloroacetyl isocyanates react with electrophilic reagents with greater difficulty than with nucleophilic reagents. 2. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with ethylpropionate, propargylmethyl ether, and cis-dichloroethylene according to a scheme of 1,2-cycloaddition. 3. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate interacts with propargylmethyl ether according to the type of 1,2-cy-cloaddition and according to the type of substitutional addition. 4. A dimer of benzoyl isocyanate was produced, and its structure was established. © 1971 Consultants Bureau.

Trichoroacetyl isocyanate under the influence of quinoline forms ditrichloroacetylcarbodiimide, which adds to the C=N bond of quinoline on the type of a 2+4-cycloaddition. Benzoyl isocyanate under the influence of quinoline forms the dimer. © 1973 Consultants Bureau.

Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with morpholinocyclohexene, morpholinocyclopentene, piperidinocyclohexene, and piperidinocyclopentene on the type of 1,4-cycloaddition, with the formation of 1,3-oxazin-4-one derivatives, while trichloroacetyl isocyanate reacts on the type of 1,2-cycloaddition, with the formation of 2-azetidinone derivatives, and only with morpholinocyclopentene does it react on the type of 1,4-cycloaddition. © 1973 Consultants Bureau.

1. The benzoyl and trichloroacetyl isocyanates react with enol ethers to yield products with a linear structure. 2. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate reacts with vinyl ethyl sulfides to give the 2 + 4-cycloaddition product, and with alkene sulfides of the RSCH=CHR′ type to give produots with a linear structure. Benzoyl isocyanate does not react with alkene sulfides. © 1974 Consultants Bureau.

It was shown by dipole-moment and IR-spectroscopy methods that 3, 5-dibenzylidenetetrahydrothiopyran-4-one and its 1,1-dioxide exist in an envelope-type conformation (five atoms of the ring lie in one plane). © 1970 Consultants Bureau.

1. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with acrolein and diphenylacetylene by the 1,2-cyclo-addition type. 2. Benzoyl isocyanate and trichloroacetyl isocyanate react with γ -vinylpyridine by the 1,4-cyclo-addition type, with the formation of six-membered adducts. 3. Trichloroacetyl isocyanate reacts with p-halo-substituted phenylacetylenes by the 1,4-cyclo-addition type. © 1971 Consultants Bureau.

1. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with epichlorohydrin and thioepichlorohydrin to give linear isomers. 2. The benzoyl and trichloroacetyl isocyanates react with cyclohexene sulfide to give both cyclic and linear isomers. 3. Benzoyl isocyanate reacts with propylene sulfide to give both the cyclic and the linear isomer. © 1972 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corporation.