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Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were determined in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. A micro-phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation test utilizing a whole heparinized blood and a macro-ph test utilizing separated, washed lymphocytes were used to tydy vell n\mediated m\immunity, Humoral immune status was d\estimated by determining quantitative Immunoglobulins and complement living (CF) antibody titers to cl\tomegaloviurs (CMV0 infection, microPHA responses were found to be markedly depressed in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy and in patients with chronic uraemia, MacroPHA response were normal indicating that serum factor were responsible for the depressed micro hundred times higher that in normal persons, An inverse relationship\pip was demonstrated between micro-PHA responses appeared to compensable t\fro depressed cell-mediated immunity as measured by the micro-PHA test. Four patients had b\very low micro-PHA responses. did not respond to their CMV inter\\factions with cf A\\CF antibody, and died of mixed bacterial and viral infarctions, Serum m immunolobulines of two were studied and were shone to be greater than two standard deviations below the norakmal ma means, These patients w\appeared more suppressed than other patients reviving similar therapy and th thus probably retained higher concentrations of suppressive drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a program developed to train and utilize community health workers to screen, treat, and follow up Harlem area residents with stroke, hypertension, and related illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst most ulcers on the leg can be confidently and easily separated into those due to venous insufficiency and those due to arterial obstruction, some may present problems of differential diagnosis. Further investigation then becomes necessary. In order to avoid arteriography a new, quick, transcutaneous method has been evolved, which is painless, repeatable and can be carried out in an out- patient clinic. This technique uses two ultrasonic flowmeters. The propagation time of the pulse wave between two measuring sites along the arterial system of the leg and the change in waveform shape between these two sites are measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1) In 37 lower extremities of 34 patients and in 14 extremities of 10 control subjects, calf blood flow was measured at rest and after ischaemic exercise by strain-gauge plethysmography. The pathological extremities were also studied by angiography and divided into four groups as follows: (1) atherosclerosis of patent arteries without occlusions. (2) proximal occlusions (femoral and/or popliteal only) (3) distal occlusions (calf arteries only), and (4) combined occlusions. 2) Rest flow in the patients was slightly but insignificantly lower than flow in the controls. Maximal flow, however, was definitely lower in the pathological group (P < 0.005). There was a linear correlation between rest and maximal flow in patients with proximal occlusions. 3) Maximal calf flow was significantly decreased in atherosclerosis of patent arteries without occlusions and in all types of occlusions. Moreover, atherosclerosis of patent arterial segments further decreased maximal blood flow in the presence of occlusions. 4) Maximal calf flow could neither he correlated with total length of occlusions in the affected extremity nor with maximal foot flow after body heating. 5) It is concluded that measurement of maximal calf blood flow is a useful procedure serving to recognize unapparent lesions and to test the progress of the disease as well as the effect of treatment in follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among seventeen hypertensive transplant candidates with end-stage renal disease, we found seven with ‘volume dependent’ hypertension. Their diastolic blood pressures (DBP) ranged from 90 to 95 mm Hg and their peripheral vein renins (PVR) from 1.2 to 2.9 ng/ml/hr. (Normal 0.4 to 1.4 ng/ml/hr.) There was no correlation between DBP and PVR levels (r = -0.056). The ‘renin dependent’ type of hypertension was seen in six cases before and in ten after transplantation. Their mean DBPs and PVR levels were 118 ± 13.3 S.D. mm Hg, 7.6 ± 1.3 S.D. ng/ml/hr; 120 ± 13.2 S.D. mm Hg, 5.9 ± 2.4 B.D. ng/ml/hr, respectively. Both groups showed high correlation between DBP und PVR levels (r = 0.812; P > .005; r = 0.684; P > .005), respectively. Bilateral nephrectomy was performed in all six prior to transplantation and the graft was removed in four of ten for control of their hypertension. Four other patients wore rushed to surgery before adequate control of their hypertension was achieved by hemodialysis. Three of them were cured by a successful kidney transplant and one did not, but required removal of his original kidneys. The implications of these observations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hemostasis after occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery as well as after the reestablishment of the mesenteric circulation, with and without splenectomy, was studied in the dog. According to our results, during this intestinal ischemia, of 4 hours duration, the presence of an intestinal factor intervening in the mechanism of hemostasis was not revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a standardized, multistage protocol for maximal exercise testing of ambulatory persons in four teaching hospitals, ten private offices and clinics and an industrial medical department is described. ECG responses in a bipolar precordial lead are transmitted by dataphone for independent computer analysis, and all data are entered into a computer file. Initial experience in testing 2332 middle-aged men, of whom 1275 were normal and 1057 were ambulatory patients with cardiovascular disease demonstrates the feasibility and safety of stress testing. Functional aerobic impairment, or percentage deviation between observed maximal performance and that predicted for individuals of similar sex, age and physical-activity status is derived by nomograms from duration of exercise with this protocol. Significant differences in FAI, and cardio- vascular components, have been defined in relation to hypertension, angina pectoris, prior myocardial infarction and various combinations of these diagnostic categories. One application of these methods to the evaluation of surreal treatment of angina pectoris by saphenous-vein grafting is cited to illustrate the advantages of maximal exercise testing when functional studies at rest fail to demonstrate significant changes. Assessment of the predictive value in the preclinical phases of cardiovascular disease must await future follow-up studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some patients with intermittent claudication develop exertional numbness involving the skin of the toes and foot. This may be a valuable clue to more dangerous ischemia, or it may be harmless. The problem call be clarified using ankle blood pressure as determined with the Doppler ultrasound flow detector and a simple exercise test. Three illustrative eases arc presented and our indication for lumbar sympathectomy in selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summarizes the available data on hypertension as a medical problem in people aged 15-30 years. Epidemiology of adolescent hypertension; Types of vascular disease that develops in man; Medical screening for renal hypertension and adrenal hypertension; Utilization of oral contraceptives and its association with hypertension.

An in vitro study of delayed hypersensitivity by leucocyte migration inhibition using disrupted spleen cells as a sources of transplantation antigens, and soluble glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen, was made on the peripheral blood leucocytes of six-normal subjects and eleven renal allograft recipients. There was no inhibition of migration in the control group. The cells of one other recipients were inhibited by soluble GBM antigen. Three of the latter had underlying glomerulonephritis and the fourth recipient only showed inhibition after infarction of the graft and its removal. These observations suggest that the immunosuppressed transplant recipients develop hypersensitivity to GBM antigen although there is no evidence of deteriorating renal function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that investigates the relationships over time among blood pressure, personality dynamics discussed during therapy, and overt behaviors for a single hypertensive patient. The patient was a 38 year old white male hypertensive who was still in the fluctuating stage of hypertension. His blood pressures ranged between 120/70 and 140/200 during the nine months period in which he was followed. The patient's blood pressure was measured daily by the medical staff over the period of this study, but the psychotherapist avoided any knowledge of this variable in order to prevent any methodological contamination between this variable and the variables measured in the therapy sessions.

The case of a 42-year old man who through medical management survived 78 days following infarction of the bowel from the ligament of Treitz to the mid sigmoid colon is presented. A plea is made for a more aggressive and less fatalistic approach to the problem of massive bowel infarction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atherothrombotic main infarction (ABI) accounted for the majority of the 152 strokes in 5209 people in 16 years of follow-up in the Framingham Heart Disease epidemiology Study. Hypertension (systolic and diastolic) was the major risk factor in ABI, but findings indicate that cardiac abnormalities increase the risk of ABI over and above a blood pressure effect. Control of blood pressure and cardiac impairments likely to lessen occurrence of ABI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight and elevated blood pressure are the two most common impairments found among the applicants for life insurance. The Build and Blood Pressure Study, 1959, provides home office underwriters with the most comprehensive and reliable information ever assembled about the effects on mortality of variations in build and blood pressure. As compared with the results of earlier studies, this investigation shows distinctly lower mortality on moderate underweights, somewhat lower mortality for tall overweights, substantially the same relative mortality as in earlier studies for other overweights, and markedly higher relative mortality for slight and moderate elevations in blood pressure. While these findings for elevated blood pressure are contrary to the impressions of many physicians, it is necessary to keep in mind that the criteria for standard life insurance are quite different from those in clinical medicine; persons with elevated blood pressure may be subject to enough excess mortality to warrant the charging of an extra premium, even though they do not require medical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven pregnant patients with neurofibromatosis have been studied. They have had twenty-four pregnancies. Ten of these patients developed hypertension during their confinements. In the eleventh patient records were inadequate for analysis. In five of the ten patients, lesions of neurofibromatosis appeared for the first time during pregnancy. In the others the lesions increased in size and number. The lesions regressed considerably after delivery. It would seem that the hypertension during these pregnancies is more than a chance association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two patients suffering from erythropoietic protoporphyria who died from liver failure with jaundice and portal hypertension are presented. The hepatic lesion was characteristic--a micronodular cirrhosis with massive deposits of protoporphyrin. The term erjihrohepatic protoporphyria is preferred to erythropoietic protoporphyria. As the disease must now be considered potentially lethal, regular physical and chemical examinations are desirable. In patients with unexplained jaundice, hepatomegaly or abdominal pain, the possibility of erythropoietic protoporphyria should be considered and specific enquiry made for symptoms of photosensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-one patients with allergic vasculitis are reported. The skin lesions appear to be distinctive; their natural history and response to systemic corticosteroids are discussed. The histology of the skin lesions, which was studied in 15 patients, shows characteristic features. Seven Patients were found to have renal involvement. After 1 years follow-up 4 had completely recovered; in the remaining 3 there was only minimal impairment of renal function, and One of these had had pre-existing hypertension. Allergic vasculitis is a distinct clinical entity which can be distinguished from polyarteritis nodosa. This distinction is important when there is renal involvement as the prognosis of the two conditions is so different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface patterns of the microcirculation of the skin in the reticuloses have been examined by capillary microscopy in 26 patients. Nine representative case histories are summarized to illustrate the correlation of clinical, histological and capillary microscopic patterns. The dermal capillary changes in the reticuloses are not specific. Some of the many patterns observed are common to other disorders such as psoriasis and lichen planus. The wide range of clinical patterns reflects the variations in the capillary/ epidermis relationship, in terms of which the observed changes are analysed. To provide a basis for further interpretation and for experimental investigation it is proposed as a speculative hypothesis that disordered function of reticuloendothelial cells induces the capillary and hence the epidermal changes. Possible mechanisms are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion on factors that control the blood supply of the epidermis. The patterns of the epidermis and of the epidermal-dermal junction and its blood supply vary, but certain epidermal patterns are associated with characteristic vascular patterns. Most young skin on histological section shows an undulating epidermal-dermal border and this is associated with numerous capillary loops growing perpendicularly towards the epidermis. Their peaks are partly covered by the rete of the epidermis.

One hundred and thirteen cases of grouped periorbital comedones have been studied. A high incidence of renal or other urinary disease, often associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was observed. The method of comedo production is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on case studies related to thrombocytopenic skin purpura following treatment with trinitrin. Thrombocytopenic purpura is known to occur after medication with many drugs. A man gave a history of having suffered from hypertension for five years. One year before, he had had a myocardial infarction and from that time on he took trinitrin for recurrent attacks of angina of effort. He took up fifteen 0.5 mg. tablets daily. The evidence here in favor of trinitrin thrombocytopenia was clear. Stopping trinitrin was followed by the disappearance of the purpura and the return of the platelet count to normal. Taking 0.5 mg. of trinitrin produced marked platelet reduction in 15 minutes and very marked reduction in 45 minutes in two tests. The reduction was temporary.

The electrocardiograms of 30 patients with TIA were reviewed. Twenty-seven (90%) of the patients had ECG changes; they include sinus bradycardia in 15, supraventricular premature beats in 3, atrial fibrillation in 2, first degree of atrioventricular block in one, and abnormalities of QRS complex and ST-T wave in 19 patients. Cardiac arrhythmia as a cause of TIA is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metabolic responses in sural muscles ischemized by ligatures of the femoral artery and stenosis of the common iliac artery are reported. The glyco- lyric and oxidative enzyme systems are at first stimulated and then depressed but finally returning to normal. The incorporation of C14-1eucine into protein is stimulated both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions reaching a maximum on the 5th day of ischemia. This occurs simultaneously with a sharp increase in activity of the pentose phosphate shunt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platelet aggregation in the dog during hypovolemic hypotension is followed up by a fotoelectrical method. This method allows for a continuous determination of aggregate concentration and aggregate size simultaneously in arterial and venous blood. The different time course of platelet aggregation in arterial and venous blood shows the venous origin of aggregation, and reveals the filtering properties of the canine lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two methods for indirect measurement of the systolic blood pressure distally in the lower extremities are compared in 27 legs without and with occlusive arterial disease. Both methods are based on recording the pressure in an occluding cuff which just arrests the circulation to the tissues below the cuff. The Two methods for indirect measurement of the systolic blood pressure distally in the lower extremities are compared in 27 legs without and with occlusive arterial disease. Both methods are based on recording the pressure in an occluding cuff which just arrests the circulation to the tissues below the cuff. The occluding cuff was placed around the base of the first toe. As detectors of circulation to the pulp of the toe the clearance of intradermally injected Xenon-133 mixed with histamine was used in the one method and the volume increase recorded by a mercury-in-silastic strain gauge was used in the other method. Distal pressure ranging between 135 and 13 mm Hg were recorded. There was a slight systematic difference between the results obtained by the two methods, the strain gauge recording on average 4 mm Hg higher than the Xenon-method. A. highly significant correlation was found in the entire pressure range, r = 0.97, p < 0.001. The clinical value of distal blood pressure measurements for diagnosis and control of medical and surgical therapy in occlusive arterial disease is emphasized, and the relative merits of the two techniques are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on a condition concerning primary and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Percentage of the pulmonary arteries be blocked with thrombotic material before significant pulmonary hypertension develops; Likelihood of reflex pulmonary hypertension to be mediated through histamine; Occurrence of primary and thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in association with aminorex.

The presystolic gallop is usually present in acute myocardial infarction. The eventual fate of this gallop is not well established. Therefore 20 patients admitted to the coronary care unit with chest pain and a subsequently documented myocardial infarction were followed with serial phonocardiograms and electrocardiograms. These were recorded daily in the unit and weekly during the remaining hospitalization. All of the patients had presystolic gallops on admission. Two patients had a protodiastolic gallop as well. Sixteen of the presystolic gallops and the 2 protodiastolic gallops disappeared during the hospitalization. The presystolic gallop disappeared in the third and fourth week in 14 of the patients. The patients with the absent presystolic gallop were subsequently fluoroscoped, and only 1 of the 16 patients had a ventricular aneurysm. However, the 4 patients with a persistent presystolic gallop had a ventricular aneurysm on fluoroscopy. A presystolic gallop is indeed present in virtually all patients with a myocardial infarction. However it is short lived in the majority of patients. Its persistence suggests the possibility of a ventricular aneurysm if the patient is not in congestive heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two techniques have been used to study further the diving reflex in man using eight male volunteer subjects. First is a method which allows diving to be simulated by a cold wet cloth placed on the face of an apneic subject. Second is a ballistocardiogram-analog computer system which permits a beat-to-beat determination of cardiac output and other cardiovascular measurements. A marked decrease in the heart, rates resulted during simulated diving. Associated with these decreases in heart rate were decreases in cardiac output, left ventricular work and mean forearm blood flow with an increase in the mean arterial pressure. Our observations all confirm that the diving reflex in man is qualitatively similar to that in marine mammals although considerably attenuated. Our results with the ballistocardiogram are consistent with the well described integrated oxygen conserving reflex which slows the heart, maintains central arterial pressure and redistributes blood flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the beneficial effects of aortic calcification in hypertensive Malaysians. Incidence and significance of aortic calcification in Malays, Indians and Chinese; Factors associated with calcification of various parts of the aorta in patients of the ethnic groups with hypertension; Total number of subjects included in the research.

Myocardial infarction was induced in non-arteriosclerotic and arteriosclerotic, male and female, Sprague-Dawley rats, by giving two. separate, relatively large doses of isoproterenol. Myocardial and blood lactate levels were measured at selected time intervals after each of the two injections spaced 24 hours apart. Both the arteriosclerotic and nonartcriosclerotic animals responded similarly manifesting a prompt rise in blood and cardiac lactate production after the first injection. There was little or no increased lactate production on Day 2 following the second injection when overt myocardial necrosis was becoming established. These findings are interpreted to indicate that the myocardium of these animals was able to adapt to the stress of the first injection of isoproterenol, i.e., increased lactate production indicative of compensatory anaerobic metabolism. but they were unable to adapt to the shock and myocardial necrosis-inducing effects of the second dose of isoprotorenol. The pre-existing condition of coronary arteriosclerosis in the arteriosclerotic animals did not compromise their ability to survive and was not reflected in lactic acid increase. The blood lactic acid level is considered to be a good prognostic index of myocardial ischemia or anoxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen breathing in patients with untreated severe arterial hypertension does not affect cardiac output, blood pressure or systemic vascular resistance. For this reason oxygen treatment can safely be administered without fear of precipitating hypertensive crisis or left ventricular failure. The lack of adverse hemodynamic reactions moreover facilitates oxygen transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the origin of the pseudoinfarction pattern in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). Significance of the depolarization of the hypertrophied interventricular septum that causes Q waves in IHSS; Contention of the researchers that the findings in the IHSS patients is consistent with myocardial infarction; Failures of the pathological study of the heart to demonstrate transmural infarction or replacement of electrically active muscle by inflammatory tissue; Difficulties in the differentiation between IHSS and ischemic heart disease.

The systolic time intervals were determined on a daily basis in 17 patients with an acute transmural myocardial infarct. The left ventricular ejection time, the Q-S2 interval and their respective indices diminished, reaching its maximum shortening on the third day. The isometric contraction time, the pre-ejection period and the ratio of the PEP/LVET lengthened from its initial level reaching its maximum about the third day. By the fifth day the systolic time intervals were returning back to the values obtained on the first day. This study indicates that the PEP and LVET can adequately reflect left ventricular performance in patients with an acute myocardial infarction. These external measurements may be used to follow progression of myocardial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right apex cardiogram was studied in 14 patients with reactive hypertension. Reference tracings included a single load of electrocardiogram, a phonocardiogram, the left apex cardiogram and the indirect carotid pulse tracing. The patients were studied clinically and by cardiac catheterization. The right apex cardiogram was found to be abnormal. In patients with pulmonary hypertension around systemic level, the E ejection point of the right apex cardiogram (Er) coincided with the corresponding point (El) of the left apex cardiogram synchronous beginning of the right and left ventricular ejection phase). In patients with pulmonary hypertension less than the systemic, the Er point occurs before the El point by an average of 0.013 second. The time interval between the pulmonary element of the second sound and the 0 point of the right apex cardiogram (isometric relaxation phase of the right ventricle) was found to have an average of 0.084 second. This is longer than the average value of 0.053 second obtained in normal subjects by the same technique. The a wave resulting from right atrial contraction was exaggerated in all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on aneurysm of the splenic artery. The aneurysm is usually single, but there are cases of multiple sacs, up to ten in one patient. The size varies from 0.5 cm to 15 cm in diameter. One may also find multiple additional ancurysmata of various arteries of the body. Splenomegaly due to portal hypertension, Banti's syndrome, Gaucher's disease or malaria has been considered contributing factors in aneurysm formation, due to elevated pressure in the splenic artery. Pregnancy, without being considered a causative factor, is supposed to play an important role in precipitating the rupture of an existing aueurysm.

The effect of medical treatment with Hydergin®, a preparation composed of equal components of dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocryptine and dihydroergocornine, was evaluated by plethysmographic recording of resting blood flow/volume, the magnitude of the hyperaemia after ischaemia for 5 minutes, the magnitude of the capillary filtration rate and finally the blood pressure, all parameters being recorded on the calf of the leg (72 extremities). It was found that Hydergin® caused a significant increase in the resting blood flow/volume (p ≤ 0.01). A tendency to a rise in the hyperaemia values were found. However, these rises were not significant. The other recorded values were unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report concerns the study of a family with a high incidence of von Hippel's disease and associated pheochromocytoma. Five of nine children from a mother afflicted with the von Hippel's disease have developed pheochromocytomas. Four of these children have manifested von Hippel's disease. The appearance of pheochromocytoma at a young age, increased incidence of multiple tumors, and the decreased incidence of malignancy are emphasized in familial pheochromocytomas. A brief review of the literature of this phenomenon is included. The purpose of this report, is to again emphasize the occurrence of a curable form of hypertension in familial groups when associated with neurocutaneous ectodermal abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among 34 patients with gastrointestinal carcinoids, each of 9 patients with concomitant renal disease was hypertensive, and in 3 cases hypertension appeared with the tumor. Only one of 25 patients without renal disease was hypertensive. It was suggested that the potentiation of renal hypertension by carcinoid may be mediated by serotonin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases show how the protamine sulfate used to counteract the effects of heparin after vascular reconstructive procedures, can lead in certain susceptible persons, to sustained hypotension lasting up to 3 to 5 days and necessitating vasopressors to maintain a blood pressure level required for the patency of the reconstructed vessel. This phenomenon while not common must be recognized and promptly corrected in view of its inherent danger both to life and to the particular vascular reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The best-fit method was applied to data of calf basal resting and reactive hyperemia blood flow, recorded at 4-hr, intervals during a day in 15 patients with intermittent claudication. The mathematical-statistical analysis suggests existence of a circadian rhythm of calf blood flow, which has early evening peaks and a nocturnal trough with a nadir occurring after midnight and before 4 a.m. This rhythm displays marked similarities to those of all other circulatory values. It is hard to decide whether or not the mechanism of rhythm has an independent endogenous origin. It is known that many of the circulatory variables are interrelated and that some are clearly related to other circadian rhythms. Perhaps the rhythmic reduction of limb blood flow, which begins during the night, is the mechanism underlying the nocturnal pain of subjects with limb ischemia by peripheral arterial disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighteen cases of lower extremity revascularization with the distal profunda femoris artery are reported. The results of this experience support the following conclusions: (1) the profunda femoris artery usually remains patent in cases of ileofemoral arteriosclerotic occlusive disease; (2) this vessel can be dissected without damage to adjacent vital structures in sufficient length to permit vascular reconstruction; (3) in this selective group of patients, runoff into the distal collateral circulation from the profunda system is usually sufficient for maintenance of graft patency, relief of ischemia and limb salvage; (4) distal profunda femoris arterial revascularization seems to be a practical procedure that may be effectively applied to ileofemoral occlusive disease that is not correctable through the usual techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the case of a patient who has a septal rupture with associated ventricular aneurysm after cornomary occlusion. Surgical repair of ventricular septal rupture and ventricular aneurysm secondary to myocardial infarction; Perforation of the intraventricular septum complicating myocardial infarction.

Patients with essential hypertension were found to haye differing blood pressure response patterns to hospitalization and changes in dietary salt. Serum renin levels were higher in younger patients and patients whose blood pressure fell most during hospitalization and restriction of dietary salt. On the other hand, fixed hypertensives with reduced renin responsiveness are significantly older than the labile groups. A mechanism of evolution of essential hypertension is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses cases of gangrene present in the ischemic disease of the lower extremities. Factors facilitating the development of gangrene; Angiographic findings in patients with gangrene; Implications on angiology.

Two patients with an early (second day) appearance of the postmyocardial infarction syndrome are described. Most author assume that the syndrome is a late complication of an acute myocardial infarction, but it need not be so. One should be alerted to the diagnosis of postmyocardial infarction syndrome in any patient with an acute myocardial infarction who suffers with chest pain (pleuropericardial in type), has fever and an exhibits audible pericardial friction rub for over 5 to 7 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The example reported here may illustrate the value of calculating venous capacity. Venous occlusion rheography represents a simple method in the diagnosis of venous circulatory disorders. On the other hand, different stages of heart failure can be investigated by measuring venous congestion. It may also be used to test venoactive substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustained hypertension developed in eight dogs 8 to 10 weeks after single anoxic episode to one kidney for 2 to 3 hr. Microscopic examination the renal parenchyma revealed no significant alteration in the histology the operated as opposed to the nonoperated kidney. All eight animals had decreased response to an angiotensin infusion, indicative of increased renin production bv these kidneys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reduction in flow through either one or both internal carotid arteries is a frequent cause of cerebral insufficiency and may produce definite symptomatology. When angulation, kinking or buckling of the internal carotid artery is observed and held responsible for symptoms, the syndrome of "kinked carotid" is said to be present. This syndrome has been well reported as a cause of temporary and even permanent neurologic impairment. Acute cerebral ischemia may be produced when the head is suddenly turned and the blood supply shut off. Degrees of angulation vary from slight "kinking" to complete 360 degree looping of the internal carotid artery. As Metz et al. has shown, kinking occurs in all age groups and has a 16 per cent incidence in the general population. Whether these loops or kinks cause symptoms is debated by some; for it is known that transient ischemic episodes may occur spontaneously. The cessation of symptoms as a result of tho removal of a kink must therefore be interpreted with caution. This paper reports additional cases in which kinking was thought to be responsible for symptomatology and discusses the main types of internal carotid deformity and the surgical management of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that carotid arteries manifest a particular predilection toward the development of mesenchymal or smooth muscle cell proliferation, intimal accumulation of mucopolysaccharide, medial elastolytic changes and, in advanced cases of arteriosclerosis, cartilaginous metaplasia and even bone formation. There is a sharp sex dichotomy in the development and consequences of arterial disease in that male breeder rats display minimal arteriosclerosis of the aorta but succumb in great numbers, often because of myocardial infarction.