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When the steps in its performance are carefully systematized, vaginal hysterectomy takes much less time, has lower anesthesia requirements, and entails less risk of complications than abdominal hysterectomy. It can be utilized in approximately 70% of women requiring hysterectomy, the author says, and is demonstrated here combined with anterior-posterior colporrhaphy in a parous patient with stress urinary incontinence.

Blood pressure was measured at both ends of the heart of Pyura praeputialis (Heller) after removing the tunic. For posterior anterior heart waves average upstream pressures were 23–25 mm H2O (positive): corresponding downstream pressures averaged 8 mm H2O (negative). For anterior posterior waves average upstream pressures were 17–18 mm H2O (+) and downstream values were 7–8 mm H2O (-). Maximum pulse amplitudes recorded were about 30 mm H2O (upstream). Speed of the peristaltic wave was 25-31 mm/s. In one experiment the speed was demonstrably different over the two halves of the heart (48 mm/s over the rear half and 29 mm/s over the front half). Number of peristaltic waves per series (i.e. between successive reversals) varied from 20 to 178. Duration of each series varied from 120 s to 690 s. Wave frequency ranged from 8 to 21 per min. Reversal frequency ranged from 5 to 30 reversals per hour. Most preparations showed periods of reduced heart activity (“rest periods”) during the the 2 4 h of the experiment. All showed spasmodic contractions of the mantle muscles which caused pressure “surges” in the vascular system. It is shown that, in both directions of beat, most or all of the pressure wave is contributed by the front half of the heart (half towards which peristaltic wave is travelling). This can be related to the “reversed spiral” structure of the heart: each “half” of the heart (i.e. each spiral) serves primarily as the pump for one direction.

AnF 1 hen out of the sex-linked mating Light Sussex ♀ × Rhode Island Red ♂ had legs of different colours, the right showing the dominant white, the left the allelomorphic recessive yellow. It is suggested that this regional expression of a recessive in a heterozygote is due to the loss of a part of an autosome during the second cleavage division. Six other somewhat similar cases previously recorded and described as instances of either non-disjunction or gene mutation are discussed. The suggestion is hazarded that all of them can be regarded as examples of the loss of a whole autosome or of a part thereof.

Thirty young adult males performed the vertical jump (jump and reach) at knee angles of 65, 90, and 115 degrees while using lateral and anterior-posterior foot spacings of 0, 5, 10, and 15 inches. The preliminary position was held momentarily before jumping, and every subject jumped three times at each of the 48 combinations of knee angles and foot spacings. The average of the three jumps was considered the subject's score for each preliminary stance. The results revealed that: (a) knee angle, lateral foot spacing, and anterior posterior foot spacing exert independent effects on vertical jumping performance; and (b) the most effective preliminary stance seems to be one in which the knee angle is approximately 115° with the feet spread from 5 to 10 inches laterally and slightly in excess of 5 inches anteriorly-posteriorly.

Many technics to determine the anterior-posterior position of the femoral head in the congenitally abnormal hip have seemed to work well for their proponents but have not received universal favor, since calculations (3) or special mechanical devices (6) are needed. The purpose of this paper is to again call attention to the usefulness of the Chassard-Lapine view in ascertaining this position. This view was described by Chassard and Lapine (2) in 1923 as a method of determining the bi-ischiatic diameter in pregnancy. It was used by Ettinger and Elkin (4) in 1954 in examination of the sigmoid colon, and in 1955 Broderick (1) called attention to its application in various hip disorders. In spite of its simplicity, however, its application has not been popular. In the last 10 cases of congenital hip dislocation seen at The Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y., this view has proved of great assistance because it shows the true anterior-posterior position of the femoral head in relation to the acetabul...

For several years anterior-posterior lip sclerectomy with peripheral iridectomy has been our operation of choice for patients with uncontrolled chronic open angle glaucoma. The basic features of this procedure as we perform it are; (1) a long, widely dissected conjunctival flap, (2) opposing anterior and posterior lip sclerectomies done with a Holth punch, (3) a small peripheral iridectomy, (4) the injection of air beneath the conjunctival flap as it is closed, and (5) massage of air from the filtering bleb into the anterior chamber at the conclusion of operation. Akinesia and anesthesia are established with a modified Van Lint lid block and a retrobulbar injection of 2 cc of 2% lidocaine with adrenalin containing 7.5 turbidity reducing (TR) units of hyaluronidase per cubic centimeter. The surgical technique is shown in the following series of drawings made from a motion picture of this procedure. Attention to technical detail contributes to the

T HE procedure of ventrolateral thalam o t o m y is being widely used in the t r ea tmen t of ext rapyramidal disorders. In most neurosurgieal centers, the method of locating the " t a r g e t " nucleus involves air encephalography. There are m a n y reasons why it would be desirable to eliminate the instillation of air f rom the procedure: 1) the potential danger for the pat ient (especially in view of the known electrocardiographic changes 1 and the advanced age of m a n y of the pat ients) ; 2) the "damping" of the involuntary m o v e m e n t s often observed following the instillation of air; 3) the decreased level of awareness of the pa t i en t -who is later asked to repor t experiences during st imulation; 4) the vagaries of filling the ventr icular sys tem and the occasional technical difficulties in performing the air s tudy; 5) the lengthening of the to ta l procedure; and 6) the variable, but always present, absorpt ion of p a r t of the air during the procedure. Despi te these disadvantages, ventr icular air is used a lmost universally. The basic reason for this is related to the variabil i ty of the human skull and the inconstancy of a readily visualized pineal body. Because of this variabil i ty, a t t emp t s to use bony landmarks in stereotaxic procedures have been almost abandoned and most of the work in the field of s tereoencephalotomy has been in the refining of methods using intraventr icular air or occasionally Thorotras t . The purpose of the present s tudy is to define some bony landmarks which have been used successfully together with careful physiological tes t ing of responses to st imula

Animals received septal lesions, caudate lesions, electrode punctures, or skin incisions at seven days of age while their litter mates were allowed to develop normally until 119 days of age before receiving septal lesions. When trained to bar press on DRL schedules of reinforcement all animals with septal lesions which included the posterior septum and columns of the fornix were very inefficient. Animals with electrode punctures, caudate lesions or anterior septal lesions performed as efficiently as control animals. Age at the time of lesion did not effect the severity of the behavioral deficit; however, minor recovery of function was displayed following the 119 day recovery period.

Summary Rats were trained on a black-white discrimination task, and then were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) normal control S s; (2) S s with septal lesions; (3) S s with anterior neocortical ablations; (4) S s with visual neocortical ablations; (5) S s with anterior and visual neocortical ablations; (6) S s with anterior neocortical and septal lesions; (7) S s with visual neocortical and septal lesions. Following a 21 day recovery interval all S s were tested for retention of the black-white habit. Deficits of varying magnitude occured in operated groups. Data from the normal septal, anterior and visual groups replicated previous studies. S s with anterior neocortical and septal lesions behaved like S s with anterior neocortical lesions. S s with anterior and visual neocortical ablations and S s with visual neocortical and septal lesions relearned at about the same rate. The results suggested that the anterior neocortex and septal area might be components of the same system.

A Case of snapping supination and pronation of the forearm is described. An enlarged tuberositas radii caused painful snapping each time when passing the ulna in anterior posterior direction.

Because of the extreme difficulty in getting the Kirschner wire in proper position to feed the Smith-Petersen nail on it, in nailing fractures of the neck of the femur and in determining the length of the femoral neck, our interest was stimulated to find a better method than that used today. It has been, and still is, easy to get the position of the fragments and the wire in good alinement in the one plane, anterior posterior, hut the difficulty has been in getting these alinements in the second plane, lateral, as well as the first. With the direction finder we feel that these difficulties are entirely eliminated, and besides being able to get perfect position regarding fragments, wire and nail, and the proper length of nail, it can be done through a small incision, which also is of advantage in elderly patients by making it possible for the patients