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Spirographic examination of 533 foundry workers and 243 control-group workers has shown considerably lower values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0)in foundry workers, both for the sum total of all the age groups and for the corresponding age groups. Lower values of FVC and FEV1.0 occur proportional to duration of exposure to air pollution at work. The averages of FEV1.0 are considerably lower in foundry-worker nonsmokers (3.483 ml) and smokers (3.361 ml), than in the same smoking categories of the control group (nonsmokers 3.987 ml and smokers 3.637 ml). These differences are statistically significant (P

Izvršeno je ispitivanje krvnog pritiska i pojave hipertenzije kod dve grupe industrijskih radnika: 96 radnika azbestne industrije i 190 radnika vatrostalne industrije. Vršena su i ispitivanja uslova radne sredine: mikroklimatska merenja, određivanja intenziteta buke, zaprašenosti, osvetljenja i dr. u radnim prostori jama gde su zaposleni ispitivani radnici. Nađene su znatno veće prosečne vrednosti sistoličnog i dijastoiičnog pritiska kod radnika vatrostalne industrije u odnosu na takve vrednosti kod radnika azbestne industrije (130,0/87,9 mm Hg prema 125,3/80,72 mm Hg). Postoje značajne razlike između pojedinih vrsta zanimanja unutar ispitivanih grupa. Učestalost hipertenzije je veća kod radnika vatrostalne industrije i iznosi 31,05%, dok se kod radnika azbestne industrije javlja u 14,58%. Najveće prosečne vrcdnosti krvnog pritiska i najveća učestalost hipertenzije javlja se kod radnika pogona za pripremu mase, koji rade u uslovima intenzivne buke i zaprašenosti, nedovoljnom osvetljenju i dr., a obavljaju statički rad. Najniže vrednosti krvnog pritiska se javljaju kod pakera - pražnjača komornih peći, koji vrše umereni fizički rad u uslovima visoke temperature vazduha i toplotnog zračenja., Blood pressure and hypertension were studied in two groups of industrial workers: 96 asbestos and 190 refractory workers respectively. The survey of working conditions and the work environment included microclimatic measurements, determinations of noise, dust and lighting levels as well as some other measurements. Considerably higher mean values of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were found in refractory workers if compared with those obtained in asbestos workers (130,0/87,9 mm Hg vs. 125,3/80,72 mm Hg). Significant differences were observed between particular occupations within the examined groups. Frequency of hypertension was higher among workers employed in the refractory industry - 31,050/o vs. 14,580/o in workers of asbestos industry. Highest mean values of blood pressure and highest frequency of hypertension occurred in workers employed in the preparation of the mass who perform a static effort in conditions of intense noise and dust and insufficient illumination. Lowest values of blood pressure were recorded in kiln men performing moderate physical work in conditions of high air temperature and heat radiation.

Izneti su rezultati ispitivanja uslova rada zaposlenih radnika u komornim pećima visokovatrostalne industrije »Magnohrom« u Kraljevu. Za ocenu toplinske klime uzete su vrednosti korigovanih efektivnih temperatura i indeks predviđene količine znoja za četiri sata rada. Dobiveni rezultati najčešće su prelazili granice tolerancije. Upotrebom zaštitnog paravana od aluminijuma, staklene vune i azbesta došlo je do sniženja radijacione temperature i poboljšanja uslova radne sredine. Dati su i drugi predlozi za poboljšanje mikroklimatskih uslova na radu i očuvanja zdravlja zaposlenih u toplim pogonima., Presented are the results obtained in investigations of working- conditions of workers employed in chamber kilns of the »Magnohrom« industry of basic refractories in Kraljevo. The values of corrected effective temperatures and the index of predicted four-hour sweat rate "were used for evaluation of heat exposures. The results obtained often exceeded, tolerance limits. Application of a radiation shield made of aluminium foil backed by class wool and asbestos reduced radiant temperature and improved environmental 'conditions. Suggestions are given for improvement of the thermal environment and for health protection of workers employed in hot industries.

Radi utvrđivanja učestalosti azbestoze kod radnika zaposlenih u rudniku i separaciji »Korlaće« pregledano je 97 radnika. Uzimajući u obzir stepen ekspozicije azbestnoj prašini, pregledano je celokupno ljudstvo separacije (64 radnika) i magacina azbesta (10 radnika) i svega 23 rudara. Od ukupnog broja pregledanih postavljena je dijagnoza azbestoze kod 29 ili 29,9%, dok kod 10 radnika (10.3%) postoji sumnja na azbestozu. U grupi s nalaz ima označenim kao azbestoza 26 je svrstano u početnu, a 3 u srednje uznapredovalu azbestozu. Najveći broj slučajeva azbestoze bio je kod radnika zaposlenih u magacinu azbesta – 40% od ukupnog brnja pregledanih, zatim kod radnika separacije 34,4% i rudara 13%. Iz analize nađenih rezultata se vidi da postoji vrlo dobra korelacija između kliničkih znakova i simptoma oboljenja i rendgenskog nalaza. lzneto je mišljenje da klinički nalaz uporedo s rendgenskim nalazom ima svoje značenje u dijagnostici naročito ranih oblika azbestoze., 97 workers employed in »Korlaće« asbestos mines and separation· have been examined to determine the incidence of asbestosis. Taking into consideration the degree of exposure to asbestos dust the entire staff employed in the separation (64 workers) and asbestos stores (10 workers) with only 23 miners have been examined. From the total number of workers examined asbestosis has been. diagnosed in 29 workers (29.9%), while 10 workers (10.3%) were found suspect of asbestosis, Out of 29 cases diagnosed as asbestosis 26 have been classified as initial and 3 as a more advanced asbestosis. Largest number of cases of asbestosis has been found among workers employed in the storing of asbestos – 40% out of the total number of persons examined, then among workers employed in the separation - 34.4% and among miners – 13%. The analysis of the results obtained indicates a very good correlation between clinical signs and symptoms of the disease and the radiographic finding. Opinion is expressed that the clinical diagnosis together with the radiographic finding is significant for the early diagnosis of asbestosis.

U cilju ispitivanja dejstva hrommagnezitne prašine na zaposlene radnike pregledano je klinički, rendgenski i laboratorijski celokupno ljudstvo pogona za pripremu mase Industrije visokovatrostalnog materijala. Od ukupno 85 pregledanih radnika nađeno je početnih pneumokonioza kod 5 radnika (5,88%) i hroničnog bronhitisa kod 15 (18,82%). Hronični bronhitis je nađen samo kod radnika sa preko 5 godina ekspozicije hrommagnezitnoj prašini, a pneumokonioze kod radnika eksponiranih preko 9 godina. Autor iznosi mišljenje da je hrommagnezitna prašina patogena za zdravlje radnika i pored niskih vrednosti slobodnog- SiO2 i da treba neophodno preduzeti mere prevencije (tehničke i medicinske) koje nalaže rad u uslovima štetne prašine., Clinical and X-ray examinations and laboratory tests were performed on every worker employed in the department for the production of chrome-magnesite refractories in order to investigate the influence of chrome-magnesite dust on worker's health. In the total of 85 workers examined 5 cases of early pneumoconiosis (5,88%) and 15 cases of chronic bronchitis (18,82%) were found. Chronic bronchitis was found only in workers exposed to chrome-magnesite dust for more than 5 years, while pneumoconiosis was found in workers exposed to chrome-magnesite dust for more than 9 years. In dust samples collected by Hexhlet apparatus the concentration in the range of respirable reaction was 4,53-9,24 mg/m3, while the total dust concentration was about 176 mg/m3. Dust concentration by count, determined by konimeter, was found to be 3.870-5.600 particles per cm3. Chemical analysis of chrome-magnesite materials and airborne dust samples showed that beside MgO and Cr203 as the main components they also contain 5,20-7,00% of free Si02. The pathogenic influence of chrome-magnesite dust on workers' health in spite of low values of free Si02 is discussed and necessary technical and medical preventive measures are suggested to secure safety at work.