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A functional acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas is reported. The tumor was found in a middle-aged, chronic alcoholic whose most persistent complaint was of polyarthropathy, especially of the lower extremities. A malignant tumor of acinar cell origin metastatic to the liver was diagnosed pre-mortem by electron microscopy. The patient had a pancreatic tumor with extensive liver metastases at autopsy. The tumor contained abundant zymogen granules, and by histochemical and biochemical examination was seen to contain abundant lipase activity. The authors think that electron-microscopy should be used routinely in the diagnosis of exocrine as well as endocrine tumors of the pancreas regardless of whether the specimen is obtained at surgery or autopsy. Cancer 33:1002-1009, 1974.

The $g$ factor of the 4.49-MeV (${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) state of $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ has been measured in a time integral, external magnetic field, perturbed angular correlation experiment. A value of $g=0.54\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10$ was obtained. The angular rotation of the ${p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ correlation for the 4.49-MeV (${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) state was also measured for calcium nuclei implanted into a polarized iron foil. This measurement yields an average hyperfine magnetic field on calcium in iron which differs by a factor of 2 from the hyperfine field result obtained for $^{42}\mathrm{Ca}$ (3.19-MeV, ${6}^{+}$ state) implanted in iron. The discrepancy in observed fields indicates a multiplicity of lattice sites for this system. The theoretical estimate of the ${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state $g$ factor is in agreement with the experimental value.NUCLEAR MOMENTS $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\gamma})$; measured $\ensuremath{\mu}$ (${5}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, 4.49-MeV level) and ${H}_{\mathrm{hyp}}$ at Ca(Fe).

Head poking, a suggested natural escape reaction to shock for the rat, was compared to lever pressing in a Sidman avoidance study. Both responses could be emitted at any time, but only one was effective in a given session. Acquisition and extinction of the two responses were compared under both signalled and unsignalled avoidance. Then, a test for transfer was conducted in which acquisition conditions were re-instated, but the effectiveness of the responses was reversed. Three differences between responses were noted: (a) head poking was superior in reducing shock rates under signalled conditions; (b) head poking was more resistant to extinction, especially under signalled conditions; (c) under unsignalled conditions, animals were unable to learn to head poke if they had previously learned to lever press. Findings a and c were pursued in later experiments. Finding a depended on the location of the warning signal with respect to the response system. When the lever press required approach to the warning signal, the head poke was superior. But when the head poke required approach to the warning signal, the two responses were equally effective. Finding c depended on the absence of feedback for head poke during transfer. Two conclusions are offered: first, the two responses appear to obey the same laws when their topographical differences are taken into account. Second, response feedback appears to be more critical in transfer than in original acquisition.

A retrospective morphologic study was conducted on tissues from weanling laboratory rabbits with diarrheal disease of unknown cause. The consistent lesion was in the cecum and consisted of exaggerated degeneration and loss and replacement of surface absorptive cells. This was accompanied by hyperplasia of crypt epithelial cells and acute diffuse inflammation of the lamina propria and submucosa. Numerous bacteria, identified morphologically as vibrio sp., were in surface epithelial cells in the cecum of affected rabbits. This was demonstrated in 10 of 12 affected rabbits via light microscopic examination of Levaditi-stained histologic sections. The occurrence, intraepithelial location, and identification of the vibrio, as well as the associated cytopathology, was confirmed in four of the six ceca from affected rabbits examined by electron microscopy. Lesions were not seen in cecal mucosa of six healthy weanlings from the colony. Vibrio was seen in the intestinal and cecal lumina of one control by both Levaditi and electron microscopic methods; none had invaded the mucosa, however. The possibilities that vibrio had either a primary or secondary causal association with acute typhlitis and that the disease had a pathogenesis similar to that of primate shigellosis are discussed.

1.1. There is definite need for additional diagnostic procedures to help establish the etiology of pleurisy with effusion. 2.2. Aspiration biopsy of the parietal pleura is a safe, easy and accurate method of accomplishing this and may be extremely valuable in obtaining an early diagnosis. 3.3. In forty-five cases in which this procedure was utilized, diagnostic tissue was obtained in 73 per cent. 4.4. The histologic diagnosis of non-specific pleuritis does not eliminate the possibility of either tuberculosis or malignancy as the etiologic cause. In persons in whom this diagnosis is made after aspiration biopsy, an open biopsy should be performed if not contraindicated. 5.5. Aspiration biopsy was of considerable value in a group of patients suspected of tuberculosis, giving a definite tissue diagnosis in 83 per cent. 6.6. In eleven patients with pleurisy with effusion classified clinically as "indeterminate", aspiration biopsy of the parietal pleura yielded diagnostic tissue in 54 per cent. 7.7. The procedure is less useful in patients with malignancy with pleural involvement.

In The past, numerous attempts have been made to develop mathematics programs that would meet the needs of individual students. Some of these efforts have stressed varying the content that a student studies. Other attempts at individualization have varied the pace at which the student studies. Others have taken the project approach to provide individual activities that will benefit students. Although each of these approaches has merit in itself, none of the previously attempted approaches deals with more than one or two problems of individualizing the student's mathematical studies.

A high incidence of hearing loss has been encountered among tractor drivers, and noise levels are shown to be further increased by the addition of cabs, particularly those which are structurally strong to resist crushing if the vehicle overturns. Some reductions in the noise level of the operator's environment can be obtained by covering the engine or by exhaust system modifications, while possible future improvements to diesel engine design may effect a significant improvement. However, it is proposed that noise reduction is likely to be achieved by attention to acoustic features of the operator's cab. The inclusion of resilient mounts, substantial floors and bulkheads, and acoustically absorbent linings are all shown to provide worthwhile improvements and, in combination, these measures can reduce noise levels from more than 100 dBA to 90 dBA or less. Where the tractor is fitted with a safety frame only, a low noise fabric cladding is shown to be feasible.

Ammonia can be recovered from soil with an efficiency of 98·5 to 99·5 per cent, in six hours in the apparatus described.For most purposes it is sufficient to aerate the soil for three hours.Highly dunged glasshouse soils undergo partial decomposition in the cold with magnesia. In such cases the soil should be aerated with magnesia and strong sodium chloride solution for a definite time, say three hours.The complete recovery of added ammonia from a calcareous soil is difficult unless the soil is finely ground.

The microsomal enzyme system, aryl hydrocarbon (benzo-[a]pyrene) hydroxylase, is highly inducible by substrate in monolayer cultures of the mouse thymus-spleen cell line, JLSV 5. The rise in enzyme activity is continuously dependent on protein synthesis and requires RNA synthesis during an initial 2-hour period. Selective inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis by actinomycin D before and during the presence of the inducer does not interfere with the increase in enzyme activity. Higher levels of actinomycin D ranging from 0.06 to 0.12 µg per ml inhibit both the increase in enzyme activity and the appearance of newly formed heterogeneous RNA in the cytoplasm. Similarly, suppression of ribosomal RNA synthesis by cycloheximide followed by the addition of high levels of actinomycin D and release of the block in protein synthesis does not prevent the increase in enzyme activity. Our results suggest that the early stages of enzyme induction require the synthesis of an RNA of the "heterogeneous" type whose formation, transport and expression as increased enzyme activity are independent of concomitant ribosomal RNA synthesis and transport to the cytoplasm.

Since so many Roman cognomina are derived from physical peculiarities and personal idiosyncrasies, it is not surprising that the unfortunate bearers were often the butt of laughter. As Cicero says (de Or. ii. 236), ‘Locus autem, et regio quasi ridiculi (nam id proxime quaeritur) turpitudine et deformitate quadam continetur: haec enim ridentur vel sola, vel maxime, quae notant et designant turpitudinem aliquam non turpiter.’ Cicero remarks that there is need for restraint and good taste in such jokes, and he adds (247) that it is not enough just to get a laugh, a man must also derive some benefit from the remark. Cicero's qualifying comments are in reference to an occasion when a man called Vargula was embraced by A. Sempronius, a candidate for office, and the latter's brother Marcus, whereupon he shouted to his slave ‘Puer, abige muscas’ (‘Boy, chase away the flies’), Musca being a cognomen of the Sempronii.

1. The effect of various experimental conditions has been studied on the transfer of hexoses and fluid by everted sacs of rat small intestine. 2. The existence of glucose-dependent and glucose-independent mechanisms has been confirmed; the energy for the former comes from the citric acid cycle, and for the latter from either the glycolytic or pentose cycle. 3. The energy for glucose transfer against a concentration gradient can come from metabolism of glucose by some route other than the citric acid cycle, or it may come from the citric acid cycle. 4. Two-stage transfer of glucose is discussed as a possible explanation of the results.

The recent advent of reliable thermocouple pairs of high melting point has provided new capabilities for high temperature gas measurement. The errors involved in such measurements using fine wire thermocouples are dependent upon radiation from the wire, conduction to the main leads, and convection to the wire. These are all discussed, together with methods for calculating the appropriate corrections. Some numerical results are presented.

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