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This article focuses on various books related to interior decoration. In the book "Decorative Elements in Architecture," by William Francklyn Paris, the most distinctly literary accent is contained in the writer's epigrammatic pronouncements. His examples of decorative art are taken from palaces and great museums, not from laborers' houses at Port Sunlight. A neat summary of several works on interior decoration as apply to the small house is the substance of Amy L. Rolfe's book "Interior Decoration for the Small Home." The article also talks about "The Effective Small Home," by Lilian Bayliss Green and "The Healthful House," by Lionel Robertson and T.C. O'Donnell.

It is well known that the fat-soluble dye, Sudan III., is readily deposited in the adipose tissue of animals. An attempt was made by the authors to study the movements of the dye under conditions where fat transport takes place (e. g., in starvation, phlorhizinand phosphorus poisoning). The dye readily migrates into the blood with the fat under these conditions, but is rarely found in the liver tissue into which large quantities of fat enter (fatty infiltration). This is explained by the observation that the Sudan III. is abundantly excreted with the bile into the intestine from which it may be reabsorbed. Sudan III., which is insoluble in water, is not excreted through the kidneys except where alimentary lipuria is induced (in rabbits and rats). The elimination from the liver is not accomplished through the solvent medium of fat excreted in the bile (lipocholia); but the dye is soluble in bile as well as in solution of the isolated bile salts. We have thus established a path of elimination for fat-soluble (or bile-soluble) substances through the biliary secretion.An investigation of a considerable number of water-insoluble, fat-soluble compounds—mostly nontoxic aniline dyes and food colors—showed comparable conditions justifying the above general conclusion. It has further been established that these water-insoluble compounds do not experience absorption from the intestine in the absence of bile. Dissolved in fat-emulsion and introduced into the organism by alimentary, subcutaneous, or intravenous paths, these dyes are always eliminated with the bile into the intestine. When there is a paucity of fat in the diet the fat-soluble dyes may be absorbed through the agency of reabsorbed bile, but they are speedily eliminated again by the liver channels; with an abundance of fat to act as carrier, they travel with it through the lymphatics into the circulation.

Calcium and phosphorus retentions in infants receiving 3 different types of cow's milk modifications have been determined. In 2 cases the infants, who were quite normal, received the particular modifications, namely boiled cow's milk, and dried milk†for several consecutive months during the first year, thus making possible a number of metabolism studies on the same infant. With the 3rd mixture, namely S. M. A.,††the food was given from one to 2 weeks before the metabolic period, 2 studies being made with one infant; and one with a 2nd infant. The calcium and phosphorus retentions in one rachitic child have been included for comparison. Cod liver oil and orange juice were given daily in all but one case.

During an investigation pertaining to the influence of certain foods on anemia in rats, it was observed that the hearts of those having low hemoglobin values were considerably larger than the hearts of normal animals. Thereupon the weights of the hearts of the experimental animals, computed on the percentage basis, were compared with those of normal animals as given by Donaldson. Successive biweekly hemoglobin determinations were made throughout the period of study, the last being taken just before the animals were killed. The results indicate that there is a close correlation between the size of the heart and the degree of anemia. The heart weights of animals with high hemoglobin values—from 11 gm. to 14 gm. per 100 cc. of blood (Newcomer method) are comparable to those given by Donaldson. When the hemoglobin values fell to 10 gm. the hearts were slightly hypertrophied; this became more marked as the degree of anemia increased. At the very low hemoglobin levels, from 2 gm. to 3 gm. per 100 cc., the heart weights averaged approximately 3 times that of normal animals.

The investigation made for the purpose of determining the influence on the hemapoietic system of various substances commonly used in infant feeding included a study of both rats and infants.In the work with rats, substances recommended for infant feeding: carbohydrate milk modifiers, orange juice, tomato juice, autolyzed yeast, liver, egg yolk, Vitamin B containing extracts, and various iron and copper additions, were tested. These were fed in conjunction with milk in proportions comparable to those used in infant feeding. Unmodified milk diets including both boiled and pasteurized were included, also, for comparison. Fifty-seven animals were fed, 2 to 3 on each diet, for 6 to 18 weeks. Hemoglobin determinations (Newcomer method) were made at the beginning of experimental diet and after 7 weeks of the diet. Records of food ingestion and body weights were kept to see what relation these have to hemoglobin formation.The results of the investigation indicated that carbohydrate milk modifiers used in infant feeding differ in their ability to bring about hemoglobin formation. In rats lactose and sucrose seemingly have no influence since hemoglobin values for those receiving milk diets with these additions were no higher than for those receiving milk alone; Dextri-Maltose, corn syrup, Vitavose, or Mellin's Food, when used at a 7% level in conjunction with milk resulted in hemoglobin values which were only slightly below the optimum. Orange juice and tomato juice, when fed at the level recommended for infants, had no effect on hemoglobin production, and the autolyzed yeast addition resulted in only slightly higher values.The addition of iron and copper in the amounts shown to be effective in increasing the hemoglobin formation in rats was without significant influence in infants. Egg yolk in the amounts fed produced no beneficial effects on the hemoglobin in the infants studied; liver increased the hemoglobin values only slightly.

Cardiac hypertrophy resulting from nutritional anemia reported by Forman and Daniels1was based on moist heart weights. There was nothing to indicate whether the enlargement was a true hypertrophy—an increase in muscle fiber, or was caused by an imbibition of water. In the present study both moist and dry heart weights of anemic rats at different hemoglobin levels, were compared on the basis of sex, age, body weight, and body length with those of normal animals of the same sex, age, length, and weight. In an attempt to determine the fate of these hypertrophied hearts, other anemic animals were fed anemia correcting diets. When the haemoglobin and red cell count were again within the normal range, their hearts were compared with those of normal individuals.The findings indicate that nutritional anemia produces a true cardiac hypertrophy, the result of increased muscle fiber. The dried heart weights were found to be distinctly heavier, whether compared on the basis of age, weight, or length, the degree of enlargement based on the dry heart weights being inversely proportional to the degree of anemia. The ratio of dried heart weight to body length was found to average approximately the same for male and female in both normal and anemic groups, although a consistently higher ratio was observed amongst the latter. During the period of observation (24 to 44 days), the animals receiving the anemia correcting diet continued to show a high degree of hypertrophy in spite of the fact that the blood haemoglobin and red cell count had returned to normal.

When high protein diets, adequate in all the known dietary constituents excepting Vitamin F, are fed to lactating rats, the young, besides manifesting the untoward symptoms previously described,1give evidence of abnormal glandular development. The thymus gland is much smaller than that of normal animals of the same age or weight, while the thyroid is much larger. Among our stock fed animals the thyroid was found to average 0.23% of the body weight, whereas the thyroid of the young of the animals receiving high protein diets averages 0.40% of the body weight. When starch free yeast was added to the high protein diet, the thyroid averaged 0.22% of the body weight. When low protein was substituted for high protein in the basal diet, the thyroid averaged 0.28% of the body weight.The young of animals receiving low protein diets to which was added respectively glycin and alanine, amino acids known to stimulate metabolism, developed symptoms comparable to those of the young of rats receiving high protein diets. The influence of these additions on the thymus and thyroid also was similar. The thyroids of the young of the animals receiving glycin averaged 0.40% of the body weight whereas those of the young of the animals receiving alanine averaged 0.30% of the body weight. Glutamic acid, known to be low in its stimulating effect, caused no hypertrophy; the weight of the glands of the young receiving this averaged 0.23% of the body weight.The average weight of the thymus gland of the young of rats receiving the high protein diet without added antineuritic vitamin was 0.11% of the body weight. When Vitamin F was added the thymus averaged 0.43% of the body weight.

In a recent investigation1it was pointed out that the failure of milk fed rats to successfully suckle their young is not due primarily to a deficiency of the antineuritic vitamin in the milk secretion as has been suggested by a number of investigators,2but to the inability of the particular rat to ingest enough milk to meet the lactation requirements. In this investigation the mother animals were transferred from the stock ration to the milk diets just previous to or immediately following parturition.In order to rule out the possible criticism that the results in this previous investigation were vitiated by a carry over of the antineuritic vitamin from the prelactation period when the animals were receiving high vitamin diets, we have fed groups of rats from infancy (4 weeks) both evaporated milk, which has been shown to be lower in the antineuritic vitamin than quickly boiled milk, and dried partially skimmed milk supplemented with butter fat to make it comparable to the evaporated milk. Certain of these groups were given a concentrated alcoholic extract of wheat embryo, calcium phosphate, and viosterol, either singly or together, while others received the milks without these additions. Small amounts of copper, iron, and iodine were added to all diets.The females in all groups bore young. Shortly after birth the number in the litter was reduced to 6. In some cases the number born was less than 6 or the young died during the first days following parturition, so that there was some variation in the number raised. The food ingestion was measured throughout the lactation period (21 days) and the caloric ingestion evaluated in relation to the body weight of the mother.

In studies pertaining to the influence of the diet of the mother on the development of the suckling young of rats, it was shown that a high percentage of protein and inadequate amounts of Vitamin F fed during the lactation period result in certain untoward symptoms in the young.1These symptoms were made manifest by extreme nervousness, muscular incoordination, sharp cries, and violent convulsions. In many cases, death followed.In order to determine the cause of these abnormal conditions in the suckling young, lactating rats were fed a series of diets in which the amount of protein as well as the kind of protein differed. The amount of the antineuritic vitamin at the different protein levels also was varied. In some cases the Vitamin F containing substance was autoclaved at a definite pH to rule out the possible influence of other substances contained therein. Other groups of animals received low protein diets to which were added certain amino acids: glycin and alanine known to have a stimulating effect on the metabolic process, and glutamic acid, which has been shown to have no influence. The effect of Vitamin F additions with these amino acid diets also was tested.The untoward symptoms in young of the animals receiving the low protein diets with the addition of glycin and alanine respectively were comparable to those of the young of mothers receiving high protein diets; whereas the young of the animals receiving the low protein diets with glutamic acid additions developed normally, as did the young of animals receiving the low protein diets with glycin to which yeast was added.From these results it seems probable that the need for more antineuritic vitamin when high protein diets are fed is due to the increased metabolism resulting from the action of certain of the amino acids contained therein.

In order to obtain further evidence regarding the possibility of increasing the antirachitic potency of cod liver oil, we have fed groups of young rats (six each) a standard rachitic ration1to which has been added 1 per cent of Norwegian cod liver oil. With one group the cod liver oil was exposed to the direct solar rays, according to the method outlined by Price.2A second group received the same amount of cod liver oil, which had been irradiated with a Mercury vapor lamp, at a distance of two feet, for twenty minutes. Control animals were given the non-irradiated cod liver oil. To make sure that the oil, which was obtained from the same source in each case, would be evenly distributed in the ration, it was mixed with 2 per cent of corn oil, a substance which has been shown to contain no antirachitic properties. Two groups of animals receiving the basal rations have been included for comparison. In one case the ration was irradiated with the Mercury vapor lamp in the same manner as the cod liver oil.Our criteria of the effect of these rations has been the growth of the animals throughout an eight weeks period. The results are summarized in the following table:It will be observed that the animals receiving the irradiated rations to which no cod liver oil was added made greater gains than those which were given the cod liver oil additions. It would seem, therefore, that the growth stimulation in the animals receiving the cod liver oil was the result of the antirachitic property of the cod liver oil, and not of the Vitamin A contained in the oil.

Vitamin B in the urine and feces of animals and in human urine has been demonstrated by Muckenfuss,1Van Der Walle,2and Cooper.3According to Cowgill4the vitamin in the urine represents the amount ingested in excess of the needs of the animal, whereas that in the fecal excretion has been shown to be unabsorbed material.5The presence of Vitamin B in the urine of an animal, therefore, would seem to indicate the adequacy of the diet as a source of this factor; and the amount of the vitamin excreted in the feces should give some measure of the amount not available to the organism.With such an interpretation in mind, a study of the intake and excretion of Vitamin B (the antineuritic factor) has been made on a group of 11 artificially fed infants and the retention of the vitamin determined. Thirty-three collections of urine and feces were tested. The food of all the children consisted essentially of cow's milk, a carbohydrate modifier free from Vitamin B, orange juice, and cod liver oil. In a few cases a Vitamin B containing extract was added to the feeding mixture in order to ascertain the influence of a larger ingestion. The determination of the amounts of Vitamin B in the ingested food and in the excreta was made by a biological assay on young rats of uniform weight and uniformly depleted of their vitamin stores. Each sample of the concentrated urine and dried feces was fed at various levels, from one to 6 rats being used at each level. Parallel experiments with yeast indicated no destruction of Vitamin B by the methods of concentrating and drying employed.

The article presents information about cook books. The names of the cook books are "The Chinese Cook Book," by Shiu Wong Chuan, "Eat to Live," by Sally Keene, "War-Time Breads and Cakes," by Amy L. Handy, "Economy Cook Book," by Maria Mcilvaine Gillmore, "How to Cut Food Costs," by Lenna Frances Cooper, "Everyday Foods in War Times," by Mary Swartz Rose, "Caroline King's Cook Book," by Caroline B. King. "Marketng and Housework Manual," by S. Agnes Donham. The Chinese have a pleasant way of claiming, whenever one boasts of an important discovery that they knew all about it some five thousand years ago.

The recently published Imagist anthology, "Some Imagist Poets," which represents an unobtrusive but significant reaction against the vagaries of the extreme left wing, is prefaced by a concise summary of the principles on which the moderate Imagists found their practice. These principles (omitting their elaboration) are as follows: To use the language of common speech, but to employ always the exact word. To create new rhythms-as the expression of new moods-not to copy old rhythms, which merely echo old moods. To present an image (hence the name: "Imagist"). The author points out that Imagist verse of high distinction--verse which conforms to all the canons of the school--is found in abundance in the works of certain modern writers of English prose.