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Focuses on the trip of John Jay, former chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and his family to Spain for a diplomatic mission in 1779. Challenges faced by the Jays during their travel; Problems encountered by the family in their stay in Madrid; Social gatherings attended by the jurist and his wife.

The article presents information about various French publications. Stamped as a counter-revolutionary publication, Combat none the less pretends to be a leftist paper standing for idealistic socialism. Actually, it reflects the opinions of a group who started out on the left, little by little became irritated by the writings and actions of the Communists, found the Socialists too weak and undecided, and, because they themselves had no clear conception of what they wanted in politics, began to criticize everything and inevitably wound up by siding with the right. Another newspaper Temps was read in Spain by the best people, those who knew French and hoped to become Cabinet ministers.

Kingsley Martin, for many years editor of the "New Statesman," died suddenly in Cairo, Egypt on February 17, 1969. Before his death he ordered that his body be given to an Egyptian hospital for medical and scientific research. Though the son of a Unitarian minister, he became an agnostic at an early age, and remained one to the end. This was an atypical consistency in a man who, all his life, had been tormented by doubt, and who so often allowed himself to be swayed by the most contradictory influences. "The New Statesman," anti-Fascist, anti-Nazi and pro-Spanish Republic, became the great paper of the younger British intellectuals, so many of whom went to Spain to fight.

Reports on censorship on press in six countries. Suspension of papers by the Ministry of Information of Portugal; Censorship of press by Spain's dictator, Francisco Franco; Restriction to publish dispatches by foreign correspondents and domestic newspapers are still subject to censorship by the Civil and Provincial Governments in India; Control over domestic media of communication in Soviet Union; Discussion of censorship of domestic press in Poland; Ownership of Chinese newspaper by the political party Kuomintang.

This article focuses on prevailing political conditions in the U.S. and around the world, as of June 10, 1897. According to a official dispatch from Washington D.C. negotiations are going on between the U.S. and Spain for a new naturalization treaty. Such a treaty would stop the naturalized U.S. citizens, who are really Cubans by birth and residence, but who take out mock naturalization papers in order to get protection from the U.S. when they foment disturbances against their own government or get into trouble of any kind. Another development focuses on the subject of expert medical testimony. The homeopaths have since taken the matter up, and have, with the aid of some well-known members of the bar, prepared a bill on the subject.

The article presents information on various political developments around the world during early 1890s. Until the details of the so-called reciprocity agreement with Spain are made public, it is of course impossible to say just how far they go. The telegrams from Madrid have been sufficiently confusing. But, in any case, it is altogether ridiculous for the "Tribune," to say that " American diplomacy" had given Spain the alternative of reciprocity or a revolution in Cuba. The article also reports about Ohio, which is the latest Sate to adopt a ballot-reform law. The measure, so far as we can judge from the outlines of it published in the Ohio papers, is similar in its provisions to the Indiana and Maine laws. It provides for the Australian system of nominations and compartment voting, with exclusively official ballots, the names of all candidates to be grouped by parties in parallel columns upon a blanket ballot.

The article focuses on news related to political issues at international level. Elections to the provincial legislatures took place in Spain on December 7, 1890 and the results fall in with the general Conservative trend. The Conservative organs assert that there was never an election in Spain so free from governmental interference. The disappearance of the "Christmas Article" from the morning papers, which last week was practically complete, is, taken in connection with the abandonment of New Year's calls, a striking sign of the growth of the city in all directions.

The hardest-working word in Spain today is "crisis." There are big and little crises all over the morning papers. Nobody knows what to expect; tautness and menace are in the air. The country seems held in a tension of struggling parties, factions, interests, regions, classes. There are conflicts and splits in the Cortes, conflicts and splits in almost every political party and labor organization. There are strikes in nearly every industry and in almost every town. Some are strikes to obtain improvements required by law, but nonetheless not granted by hostile employers. Others are strikes against certain protested provisions in these new laws. Strikes for higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions, and against discharges, frequently take on a more general character and spread transformed into embryo revolts.

The article offers information about Spain's new tariff schemes which announced some privileges to countries buying heavily from Spain and the government's plan to bargain Spanish purchases against sale of domestic products.

The article reports on Spain's censorship laws, and on the "Ecclesia," reputedly the only paper as of May 1954 which is exempt from such laws. It states that censorship began after the Spanish civil war, and that the government dictates what papers may or may not write. As a result, newspapers in the country have little credibility save for the "Ecclesia," which has a readership of 17,000. The paper can get away with criticizing the government because its chairman is Enrico Cardinal Pla y Deniel, the country's Cardinal Primate and Archbishop of Toledo.

The article reports on the calls to improve the rights of women in Spain. Under the law, only married or widowed women can vote in Spain. A married woman needs the consent of her husband in order to inherit properties or manage business. Mercedes Formica has written a paper in the daily newspaper "A.B.C" criticizing the archaic laws on women. Many people supported Formica's views and believed that the laws are inhuman.

The article reports on the liberalized press law implemented under the regime of Governor General Francisco Franco that suppress newspapers that oppose the government in Madrid, Spain. Accordingly, security cops under Franco's command confiscate all copies of "A.B.C." and Jose Maria Gil Robles' book was also banned because of their wants to replace Franco with a king. It also notes that the Spanish authorities prosecute the authors of anti-government works.

The struggle in Spain must be regarded in three ways: It is a major battle in the revolutionary march of the world; it is a deadly game of international politics; it is the climax of modern Spanish history. The decisive factors in each are all facets of class war. The money and most of the brains in the rebel outfit come through Herrera Gil Robles, which is to say the church in combination with big industrial capital. The Spanish money source of the rebels are the monarchist Count Romanones, owner of land and mines whose possessions in Morocco helped to provoke the Riffiah war.

The article reports and comments on news events taking place during the week of September 21, 1938. A number of items are covered including the mistrial of Jimmy Hines who stood accused of conspiracy in New York City, the possible impact of a European war on Spain and the oppression of trade unionists in Nazi Germany.

Reports global developments related to various topics. Anniversary of the war in China and in Spain; War scare in Europe; Judicial action by District Judge Homer A. Fuller of Newton, Iowa.

Focuses on the role of American journalist and publisher William Randolph Hearst in portraying the Spanish revolution. Support of Hearst to the fascists of Spain; Terminologies used by Hearst to describe the people who supported or were against the revolution; Objectives of Hearst in portraying the revolution; Criticism of Hearst for failing to publish and report impartially.

The article focuses on the political conditions in Spain during 1923. According to the author the government of Spain is the most autocratic in Europe. In twentieth-century Spain the King still rules by divine right, makes and unmakes ministries, appoints senators for life, handpicks army officers and church dignitaries, and creates grandees who in medieval style are exempted from paying taxes. Like prewar Soviet Union, Spain has a comparatively small middle class. With a small group of intellectuals at their head, the constantly increasing bourgeoisie of the commercial and industrial cities is vociferously demanding a reform of the constitution of 1876 in political, military, religious, and economic affairs.

This article discusses about the dying Fascism in Spain and its relationship with the U.S. American moral support, American armament, and the knowledge that American troops stationed in Spain are trained to collaborate with the government's troops in suppressing citizens who might want a change, have produced so much fear and apathy that only the boldest Spaniards have raised a fist or yelled a slogan of protest. One of the truly great changes in Spain is the abandonment of the attitude summed up by the once popular expression, "nothing is worth another civil war with one million dead."

Presents information regarding political developments from around the world with special emphasis on the U.S. Analysis of the revised retail code which eliminates the proposed provision that no retailer could sell an article for less than 10 per cent above its invoice cost; Statement of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt regarding the state of unemployment in the country; Objection of small independent oil producers regarding the provisions of the oil code; Support of Walter H. Eddy, head of the journal "Good Housekeeping" to the Copeland Bill, designed to strengthen and extend the work of the Pure Food and Drug Law; Objection of the Americans on the circulation of "The Daily Worker," the Communist newspaper in the U.S.; Analysis of the Literary Digest poll, based on ballots sent to every registered voters in the New York City which indicated that Fiorello LaGuardia, the Fusion candidate will win; Information regarding the election in Spain to choose a new Cortes.

In this article, the author presents a memoir of his visit to Spain. The author writes that he went to Spain and met with people with whom he wished to talk. According to the author, his main concern was not to jeopardize anyone's security and talk to people carefully. The author had to walk too much. The author writes that everything went according to schedule and the things he saw and heard not only stirred his feelings but also enlarged his vision of problems involved in liberating Spain, of what must be done to bring the present struggle to a successful conclusion.

The article discusses the mood in Spain amidst chances of conflict. The thing about living in Madrid these days is that you never know when a shell is going to fall or where. Any time is firing time for Spanish dictator Francis Franco. Imagine yourself sitting calmly in the front room of your third-floor apartment carefully polishing your eye-glasses when all of a sudden, without the least warning, a shell decides to come through the wall-paying no attention to the open window-and explodes like a thunderclap beneath the sofa. Yet, people still laugh in Madrid. In this astonishing city of bravery and death, where the houses run right up to the trenches and some of the street, car lines stop only at the barricades, people still laugh, children play in the streets, and men buy comic papers as well as war news.

The article offers a look at the industrialization program planned to be launched by the Spanish government as soon after the war equipment can be secured from abroad. Aside from setting up a national industrial institute, the government has outlined specific projects expected to attract foreign technicians and machinery suppliers. The project involves the construction of a sizable hydroelectric power, which is expected to supply electricity to 2,500 miles of railroad and the creation of a small aluminum industry.

The article focuses on the growing interest of smaller nations in the development of rocket and satellite programs of their own. The trend was confirmed during the meeting of international space scientists in Madrid, Spain in 1966. Among the smaller nations that have launched their own space programs are Japan and Israel. Information is also presented on new developments in rocket and satellite systems.

The article reports that the recent decision taken by Spain to develop nuclear power has led Great Britain and the U.S. to enrich uranium. At present both of these countries are not allowed by their atomic agencies to enrich this element for any foreign country. But it is believed that due to business reasons both the U.S's Atomic Energy Commission and Britain's Atomic Energy Authority will make some changes in their rules so as to allow them to enrich the nuclear fuel for Spain.

The article narrates the story of Maria del Rosario, who, as a baby girl, was left by her mother in an orphanage in Spain. She was adopted by a poor couple who never told her about her origins until Faustino Valentin, who posed as a lawyer, produced documents proving that she was the illegitimate daughter of Marquesa de Escalona del Valle and that she was an heir to several properties. She and her family became the toast of Valencia until a Spanish paper announced that there was no titled Escalona del Valle nor were there properties willed to her.

After the outbreak of the fascist rebellion in Spain last summer, the government militia began a search of Nazi headquarters in Barcelona. The search resulted in the discovery of tens of thousands of documents left behind in the wild flight of the Nazi agents. The Nazis began to work in Spain in 1930. Since the German dictator Adolf Hitler had not then come to power, state funds were not available for propaganda. Smuggling propaganda material into Spain was one of the thief tasks of the spy service. It was easy enough since the consuls and diplomatic officials were compelled to cooperate, most of them, indeed, needed no coercion.

The struggle between fascism and communism in Europe has raised the question whether the democracies should passively view this struggle from the sidelines or meet the challenge of aggressive dictatorships even at the risk of war. Spain's experience proves that a policy of non-intervention, unless strictly enforced, plays into the hands of potential war-makers. The pacific nations in their desire to avoid war observe the restrictions, while the dictatorships disregard them. France and Great Britain have sought to justify this policy on the ground that the non-intervention agreement, with all its loopholes, has so far prevented the war from spreading beyond the confines of Spain.

In whitewashing Italy and Portugal of the charges of violating the neutrality pact, the London Non-Intervention Committee displayed a fine feel for politics and an utter contempt for facts. One does not need documentary proof that the fascist countries are aiding the rebels. The insurgents have already furnished all the evidence necessary. It is common knowledge that not more than fifteen airplanes were available in the early days of the conflict. Recently the Corunna radio station boasted that 160 planes flew over Madrid in a single mass demonstration.

Focuses on the social conditions of peasants in Spain. Efforts of Prime Minister Don Manuel Azaña, to improve the conditions of peasants in the country; Support of socialist and communist groups to the government; Need for social reforms in Spain; Standard of living of Spanish peasants; Description of huts in which peasants live; Remnants of feudalism prevalent in Spanish peasantry; Agriculture techniques used in the country; Lack of peasant market in Spain; Features of the Land-Reform Program of Azaña; Role of the program in forcing landowners to rent portions of their estates to yunteros or peasants; Average hectare of land granted to peasants to solve the land problem; Statement that the Program may weaken the Socialist Party and landowning classes.

The article presents news related to the social and political conditions in the U.S. and the rest of the world. A piece of news going the rounds of the papers, relating to the anticipation by Spain of the payment due on account of the vessel Virginius indemnity, has attracted a good deal of attention, at the same time that another fact, showing the honorable intentions of the United States as regards Spain, has attracted but little. A genuine mining excitement has broken out in the old and quiet town of Newbury, in the northeastern corner of Massachusetts, consequent upon the recent discovery of silver ore in that place.

There are interesting papers, on author George Borrow and his death in 1881. His short life has been discussed in the fifth volume of the "Dictionary of National Biography." This has been interpreted as an instinctive clinging on the part of the public to the manly and independent author who has left such deep impressions on his time, and who will long continue to stir the hearts of his readers. Borrow in his "Bible" and "Gypsies" has suffered at the public bar all those insinuations which a writer must undergo who thoroughly knows Spain, the country he describes.

This article presents information about contributors of the issue. Erika Mann, daughter of Thomas Mann, is the author of "School for Barbarians" and "Escape to Life." Albert Guerard is professor of comparative and general literature at Stanford University. Lawrence Fernsworth was a correspondent for British and American papers during the entire civil-war period in Spain.

The article presents some research papers on international relations. Some of these include "Why Hungary Revolted," by Eugene S. Bagger, "The Domestic and Foreign Policy of Spain," by James Brossa and "Correspondence: The General Strike in Switzerland," by Eduard Fueter. The paper "Why Hungary Revolted" focuses on the proclamation of the Hungarian Soviet Republic and its declaration of solidarity with Bolshevist Soviet Union. The proclamation is the logical sequels of the policy of the Allies toward the Hungarian government which came into power through the overthrow of the Hapsburg régime in the bloodless revolution of October 30, 1918.

This section offers news briefs on business in the U.S. and abroad in 1967. Spain has agreed to purchase 28 million U.S. dollars of U.S. Export-Import Bank bonds to make sure the approval of a loan from the bank for the purchase of U.S. commercial jetliners. The decision of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson to ban the import of 11 commodities from Rhodesia has affected Union Carbide Corp. Honshu Paper Mfg. o. and Mitsubishi Shoji Kaisha were given approval by the Japanese government to purchase a 52% interest in a Canadian timber company.

The article reports on the collective bargaining agreements of the workers of the two newspapers in Toledo, Spain. It mentions that the newspapers, the morning "Times" and afternoon "Blade" and their workers agreed for a two year contract and a $21.00 week increase. It also notes that the bargaining session was brought off track when publisher Paul Block Jr., denounced the Newspaper Guild for taking scholarship money from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

The article presents information on various economic developments in Spain after the 2nd World War. On March 7, Juan Suances, Franco's Minister of Industry and Commerce, released details of a two-year program of industrial development which, he predicted, would transform the industrial face of Spain. Attempts are to be made to discover and exploit new mineral deposits, nineteen new hydro-electric and four thermal power stations are to be constructed, more factories are to be built for the production of nitrates, sugar, textiles, wall board, films, paper, and various other goods. Moreover, this two-year plan, the Minister said, is merely the first phase of a five-year plan to complete the basic industrialization of Spain. The official Spanish index of industrial production is based on a year when the country had barely begun to recover from the Civil War. Yet in 1946, the best post-war year, it stood only 15 points higher, and in 1948 fell back to 110. Comparison with the twenties gives an even more unfavorable picture, with production but 2 per cent higher than the average of 1922-26. Considering that in the past twenty-five years Spain's population has increased by over 20 per cent, it is clear that Franco's grandiose development plans have paid mighty snail dividends.

Bull fighting is as strong language as the most humane foreigner could desire. To give to its suggestions a practical effect, this paper proposes that the different local societies for the Protection of Animals and Plants, which exist throughout Spain, should meet in a congress and endeavor to obtain the proper legislation from the national Government. All this was very encouraging as to the future of Spain, and it was the pleasanter to read after coming again fresh from the bull-fight. An active propaganda should also be begun through the teachers of the public schools, who should be induced, by money rewards and otherwise, to include, as a part of the regular moral lessons they give, abhorrence of the bull-fight.