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The article presents information related to the drug house representatives. In the winter of 1962-1963, 69 drug house representatives from sixty firms operating in the Liverpool area were interviewed by the Research Team of the University of Liverpool Research Project on Prescribing. The enquiry was conducted as part of a more detailed investigation of the factors prompting general practitioners to prefer the drugs of one firm to those of another. It is the goal of this paper to consider what kinds of people take up the work of a representative. An analysis of data, derived in the main from interviews with 53 individuals only, must of necessity be tentative. Nevertheless, it would appear that in a situation such as this, where as yet no satisfactory system of norms has been evolved to guide representatives in their conduct with doctors, what determines whether they will take a professional rather than a commercial approach is the personal background experience of the men themselves.

This study was undertaken by the Department of Social Science, University of Liverpool, in a large Liverpool manufacturing firm. The Department wishes to acknowledge the continued cooperation of this firm and its employees in research, which has extended over a period of years. The fieldwork and the preparation of the first draft of this report were undertaken by Mrs Pearson. Miss Penelope Hall and Miss Doris Read provided considerable guidance and advice, and Miss Hall edited the final draft. In this first paper a report is made on the aspects of the study numbered (1) and (2) below. A second paper will cover aspect (3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to assess the role of the local Bank of England branch in the Merseyside money market between 1827 and 1844. This role involves the, function of the branch both as a policy instrument of Threadneedle Street and as an addition to the local banking sector. The supplementary questions of the branch's competitiveness and relative importance has been discussed. Annual figures show that in all but three of the years 1829-45 the income from discounts at the Bank of England's branches exceeded the income from Thread needle Street's discounts. The Merseyside office was of particular importance in the Bank's discounting throughout die period and accounted for a substantial part of total branch loans in the 1830s. The comparative importance of Liverpool's deposits and note circulation was much less. Thus, the study of the Liverpool branch involves the study of a considerable part of the total branch business of the Bank. The Bank's power to establish branches was confirmed by an Act of 1826, as part of a general reform package which arose from the anxiety to avoid a repetition of the 1825-26 financial crisis.

The article presents information about the forty-first Annual Meeting of the British Association of Dermatology that was held in Liverpool, England, on July 6-8, 2005, under the presidency of G.W. Bamber. It was attended by 79 members and 15 visitors. At the Business Meeting the following were elected to serve on the Executive Committee for 1961-62: G.H. Percival; G.W. Bamber; H.W. Gordon; J.T. Ingram. The first morning of scientific business was devoted to papers on genetics. Scientist C.A. Clarke spoke on the criteria for inherited factors in disease and selected for discussion the parent/offspring correlation, associations with genetic markers and abnormalities of serum gammaglobulin.

The article discusses the author's experiences in applying for an immigration visa to the American consul general in Liverpool, England. He discusses his experiences from the filling out of forms to the change of his application to visitor's visa instead of an immigration visa. He also cites his communications from and to different agencies in his quest for a visa to the United States.

The article discusses the cultural conformity in urban areas. Although the knowledge of the lives of the deviants, the misfits and the delinquents who come to the notice of the social services is constantly increasing, still very little is known about the many millions of ordinary people who live in the great conurbations. An interdepartmental team from Liverpool University composed of sociologists, economists and architects with specific interest in civic design and planning, has considered the diverse problems presented by the imminent task of rebuilding parts of the inner residential zone of the city. The area chosen for the study was "Crown Street" in Liverpool. Economic decline is observable in the decreased value of the locality to the local authority in terms of rate able values and in the greatly reduced numbers of shops and other business premises. Social decline is observable in many parts but it is by no means universal. Not only are the workers of Crown Street predominantly manual but there are comparatively fewer semi-skilled workers there than in other parts of the city. Households are still, despite the existence of a large rooming house district, mainly made up of single families occupying one address.

This study examines the mobility of labor in Liverpool, England. In Liverpool during 1921 out of a total occupied population of 247,249 males, 17,027 were general dockers, while in Bottle the number of dock labourers was 2,881. Of the dockers estimated to work on Merseyside, about 20,000 are registered under the clearing house scheme. Out of 222 non-tally holders studies, only 20 were in the habit of going to sea, although sea going is one of the principal alternative occupations of the docker. The fact of specialisation within the docks should be borne in mind in considering the problem of inter-dock mobility. Amongst the tally holders--20,000 in number--about 5,000 are reckoned to be out of work each week, but not the same 5,000 every week. The clearing house system spreads the unemployment fairly equally. According to the census of 1921, there were in Liverpool, approximately 15,000 seamen, and in Bottle, another 2,300. The analysis of the occupations left by 75 men on going to sea and of the occupations entered by 55 men on giving up seafaring shows that casual labor forms the principal reservoir from which seafarers are drawn. There is, however, a high sea-land mobility among cooks, stewards and waiters, and to a less extent, among firemen, greasers and trimmers. As to mobility there is a balance of movement from land to sea employment. This is encouraged by the restrictions on dock employment, but discouraged by the tightening up of union rules.

The article focuses on biographical sketches of Francis Neilson, a noted figure that shook twenty century. He had been a laborer, actor, journalist, dramatist, novelist, lecturer, politician and producer. Francis Neilson was born in Birkenhead, across the River Mersey from Liverpool, England in 1867. He came of an ancient English family and an old Scottish family. He was a Butters, a family that lived in England, the name is found among others familiar in Saxon times in the Domesday Book of William the Conqueror. An ancestor on this side was associated in the publication of the first modern newspaper. What his career has amounted to up to now, however, can be set out briefly as an effort to socialize the heritage of beauty and an attempt to realize a social order based on justice. Books, like man's other deeds, often outlive their creators. It is much too early to try to discover how far Neilson's effort and attempt have succeeded. It can be said that for the truth that is in him, at 80, he is still fighting valiantly, still waging an epic fight that for those who have come after remains an inspiration-and a source of hope.

This article focuses on a research related to industrial sociology conducted at the Department of Social Science, University of Liverpool in England. Two main considerations have influenced the Department's choice of problems for research. Firstly, the conviction that research should both develop basic knowledge of industrial institutions and behaviour and make possible a more immediate contribution to the development of industrial and social policy. Concentrating research on the organisation, and where necessary on relations between organisations, is perhaps more open to criticism, even where, as in the Liverpool case, there is an explicit attempt to take into account the main characteristics of the wider society, and to relate findings to those of macrocosmic and microcosmic researches. One outstanding feature of the Liverpool analyses of industrial situations is that they are explicitly and unashamedly sociological. The Liverpool reports have been presented in a very competent and professional manner. Throughout there is careful attention to detail and considerable sophistication in the handling of quantitative data.

Reprints the lecture "Beyond Industrial Psychology," by R. Conrad that was delivered in Liverpool, England on February 14, 1967, which appeared in the "Bulletin of the British Psychological Society." Subject matter of industrial psychology; Necessity for another area of industrial psychology with the growing complexity of machines and equipment; Issues related to engineering psychology; Need for a psychological discipline which can examine problems beyond industrial psychology and beyond engineering psychology.

Reprints the lecture "The Mental Differences Between Individuals," by Cyril Burt that was delivered at the British Association Meeting in Liverpool, England in 1923, which appeared in the 1924 issue of "The Journal of the National Institute of Industrial Psychology." Problems and principles of individual differences; Investigation of distinction between intellectual and emotional characteristics of individuals; Examination of distinction between inborn and acquired mental tendencies of the individuals.

The purpose of this article is to redress the balance in some degree through a study of Liverpool's timber trade during the first half of the nineteenth century. Timber became a commodity of national importance during this period, not merely because of the increased demands of the expanding home economy, but because the trade mirrored many of the country's commercial problems. In Liverpool the importing of timber and the owning of ships were closely connected. Though between 1820 and 1850, the general tendency in commerce, was for importing and shipowning to become increasingly separate functions, a growing number of the merchants who figured amongst Liverpool's leading timber importers were also shipowners. Timber was imported into Liverpool both for local and for inland consumption. Locally, importers sold to wholesalers who, in turn, sold to consumers, but also acted as retailers themselves, selling directly to the more important Liverpool builders and cabinetmakers. The first half of the nineteenth century saw the emergence and consolidation of the timber trade as one of the leading sectors of Liverpool's commerce. The timber merchant not only retained his function of selling but also expanded the scope of his activities, building up large vertically integrated businesses through moving backward into shipping and lumbering.

Focuses on the prevention of Rh isoimmunization. Postulation that the presence of an excess of anti-Rh activity might prevent isoimmunization by the Rh antigen; Prevention through prophylactic injections of small amounts of anti-Rh into Rh-negative women following the delivery of an Rh-positive baby; Testing of hypothesis in New York City and in Liverpool, England; Difficulty in developing sufficient anti-Rh gamma globulin to treat all women at risk.

This article discuses a dental survey that characterized the periodontal health of the children of immigrants in Liverpool, England. Differences in the periodontal health of children from West Indian, Chinese, South Asian origin were examined. Sex differences in periodontal health within these ethnic groups were also analysed.