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The article offers news briefs related to the study of French history. The XIth International Congress of the Historical Sciences was held in Stockholm, Sweden from August 21-28, 1960. In the sessions of the International Commission for the History of State Assemblies two papers dealing with the history of France were presented. In 1960 a considerable number of Americans active in the field of French history were in Paris, France. The 1961 Conference of Society for French Historical Studies is planned to be held in Princeton.

The article focuses on the treatment of persistent offenders outside the U.S. The concept of persistent offenders is the creation of the sociological school in criminology. The end of the treatment studied in this paper is to eliminate criminals who proved to be incorrigible. The treatment of persistent offenders is either aggravated punishment, or a measure of social security replacing punishment, or a combination of punishment and of a measure of social security, the latter being applied after the former. The first system is now of historical interest only. France applied it in 1885, but the draft of 1932 does not follow the law in force. Norway in 1902 introduced the system in positive law, but practically did not apply it. The second system is applied in some places, but presents rather an exception, merely Hungary, Denmark, Sweden, and Switzerland have accepted it. The idea that persistent offenders should be released if they ceased to be socially dangerous is explicitly expressed in Switzerland, England, Germany, Sweden, and Italy.

The article presents updates concerning the field of operations research as of November 1960. Seven national operations research societies have joined as members of the International Federation of Operational Research Societies. The Second International Conference on Operational Research will be held in Aix-en-Provence, France from September 5 to 9. The Swedish Operations Research Association held two meetings in 1959. The Operational Research Society of India has elected P. C. Mahalanobis as its president.

The article presents information about several papers which deal with the history of economic thought during the period 1500-1800, that appeared in different journals. The study by Louis Dermigny on the price of wine in eighteenth-century Languedoc, though micro-economic, is important for the study of the general economic situation. This price experienced only an intercyclical crisis while the crisis in the textile industry was much more profound and long lasting. In the field of the economy as a whole, French authors have written little about France. The study by Baron Chaurand on money in eighteenth-century Grenoble deserves mention. Andre Plaisse's study of the trade of the port of Brest at the end of the sixteenth century shows the essential role of salt, wine, linen and cloth. Claude Nordmann in her article shows that Sweden did not altogether profit from the reign of copper, of which she was the dominant producer. However, her prices remained a little apart from the general decline in the seventeenth century.

Explores ambulatory child health services in Great Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands and France. Roles and importance of nursing personnel; Nursing education in preparation for ambulatory child health services; Curricula for pediatric nursing; Facilities in which health personnel work; Broad composition of the patient population; Relationship of child health care supervision to local hospitals and educational institutions and to private practitioners; Interest in ascertaining whether child health care is provided in a coordinated fashion or whether it is fragmented among various service resources with little intercommunication; Relative roles of the private physicians and of the clinic physicians.