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After Jean Rous left the French Socialist Party last December, he has attracted considerable attention as a columnist on Franc-Tireur, the paper that only a few months ago was suspected of being fellow-traveler and today is the principal target of a Communist campaign against the "milk and water" left. People like Rous saw their mission in the French Socialist Party very clearly: to further the party's genuinely Socialist objectives anito oppose "the neo-Radical movement which under the pretext of "humanism" wanted to sweeten the party by changing it into a kind of center party which would be the lay wing of the famous travaillisme sans travailleurs." He believes that the urgent necessity is to create a new center of left socialism, in France and throughout Europe.

This section offers news briefs on business around the world as of October 1931. It is reported that financial and political tensions in Europe caused by England's abandonment of the gold standard have relaxed. In France, gold shipments arriving from the U.S. and Holland and going out to Belgium and Switzerland have left the Bank of France with net gain but with counterbalancing heavy decrease of foreign deposits. To meet British automatic reduction of real wages, a new wage cut campaign was launched in Germany.

Focuses on the conflict between France and Germany. Formation of an anti-French coalition to stop the existing French government from proceeding to refashion Germany into an economic and political tributary of France; Revision of the Treaty of Versailles, which will detach the Rhineland and the Saar Basin, permanently from Germany and keep German politics and industry subordinate to those of France; Report on political revolution in Europe by means of conference or negotiation; Prevention of European or American country from interfering and from doing anything to encourage Germany.

A profound political crisis is shaking the puppet governments of Europe, especially Vichy. An immense movement coining from the very soul of the French people is destroying every kind of collaboration suggested by the Henri Philippe Pétain government. One after another, the leading supporters of collaboration are being silenced by the hostile attitude of the people of France. They are one and all regarded as traitors and ruthlessly barred from every honest family. The Vichy government, powerless against this wave of popular feeling, is trying its best to change the situation.

The Eastern question has appeared and disappeared on the political horizon like a meteor. It, however, appears to me that humiliating terms like those imposed upon Russia by the Paris, France treaty should not be forced on a great power, and that, if it be done, we cannot expect anything else than that they will be repudiated at the earliest favorable moment. Such a moment had flow come for Russia by the defeat of France. English as well as other papers have asserted that Russia had acted in concert with Prussia.

Comments on the importance of reinforcing the reciprocal relation of France and the League of Nations in the aftermath of World War I. Reasons for the wide view of France held by political observers about the apparent neglect of international aims in achieving peace; Significance of furthering diplomatic ties between France and League of Nations members to ensure the success of peace agreements; Urgency of resolving the political difference of the French with the rest of major political powers in Europe.

The article discusses the latest developments in the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA) as of August 1948. It cites the report by the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), which showed that over-all steel output in Europe rose by 25% in the first half of 1948 from those of 1947, while coal production increased by 6% and electricity by 10%. The latest developments in the U.S., Austria and France, among others, are also cited.

The article focuses on issues related to the Council of Europe meeting which was held recently in Strasbourg, France. These issues relates to the defense of Europe and the Schuman Plan related to the conflict between the France-Benelux and the British positions. A need to give Western Europe the force required to stop an eventual advance of the Red Army was felt. Moreover, there was absence of a consistent, aggressive, democratic policy that gives an air of futility to the Strasbourg deliberation. Take Spain, for instance. A hastily drafted motion expressing in very diplomatic language the Assembly's disapproval of the decision of the American Senate to lend $100,000,000 to Franco immediately collected many signatures from even moderate representatives of several countries.

Presents an update on recent political and social events in the U.S. and the world. Conditions in Europe after completion of five years of the First World War with Germany being curbed by France is on the verge of political and economic collapse; Tactics adopted by French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré to escape from an awkward predicament of attending the conference to discuss the debt crisis in Europe with Great Britain and the U.S. by placing unacceptable conditions for his attendance; Reply to the questions on the closeness of nations placed by the New York World; Account of unaltered views of former U.S. President Woodrow Wilson on world politics; Comment on the recommendations by U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Andrew William Mellon.

Comments on developments in world politics. Hesitation of United States President Warren Harding in public whether or not he ought to send an American delegate to the Genoa Conference; Denouncement of the German note to the Reparations Commission in France as a masterpiece of evasion and trickery; European finance ministers struggle with budget deficits.

The article discusses several issues related to economics and politics from different countries of the world. The extraordinary change in the financial relations between the United States and Europe, by which, whether temporarily or permanently, this country has been transformed from a continuous borrower on the foreign markets into the most important lender on the same markets, is commonly described as a new and sudden development. In England, France, and the United States, both political parties have become so determinedly humanitarian that without the excitement of foreign politics one of them would go out of existence. In fact, it may be said that one of them has gone out of existence. The Liberal Party in England has shared the fate of the Democratic Party in the United States.

The article discusses the history of Saarland, the lands in the region of the River Saar in modern Germany. The region was held by the Counts of Nassau-Saarbrücken from 1381 until 1793. After the Treaty of Westphalia at the end of the Thirty Years' War, the Counts of Saarbrücken became vassals to the Bishopric of Metz and, by extension, the King of France. During the 18th-century reign of Saarland ruler Prince Wilhelm Heinrich, the coal mining industry was nationalized in the region. After the Napoleonic Wars, the region was split, some becoming part of Prussia and the other under the control of the Bavarian Palatinate.

This section offers world business news briefs. Europe markets declined on the news of the overthrow of the Spanish government. France has proposed that Germany, France and Italy should replenish their grain stocks from existing Danubian surpluses. World lead producers Australia, Canada, Mexico and 3 other countries have reached agreement to curtail lead production. Soviet Union is considering purchase of 300,000 tons of ships from Germany suitable for lumber or oil transports.

Speculates on the type of loan to be granted to the ruling French government in Germany by rest of European powers and the U.S. Justification given on the chimerical nature of the loan. Statistics on outstanding loans made by British investors in foreign countries under the British Empire; Implications associated with subscription of half of the amount of loan suggested, to Germany to the lender and the borrower of the loan; Reasons associated with the difficulty of floating loans in New York City.

Focuses on what the U.S. should do to solve the reparation question in Europe after the First World War. Discussion on bad economic situation prevailing in Europe; Proposal by Senator William E. Borah to establish a world economic conference under the U.S. leadership; Assumption on the success of the proposal by the U.S. governments to appoint an expert commission to consider and suggest a final settlement of the whole reparation problem in Europe; Discussion on various possibilities for solving the reparation question related to France; Deliberation on how much Germans can pay as reparation; Impression that France, since it is on the verge of bankruptcy, will not wait for years to get the reparations from Germany; Deliberation on what steps the U.S. should take to tackle this situation; Discussion on whether the U.S. should reduce the interest on the French debt to the U.S. or should cancel the whole debt; Suggestion to translate the French currency obligations into gold obligation.

Presents news briefs, related to political issues of several nations. Reasons for the failure of the Genoa Conference of Allied Nations for the reconstruction of Europe after the World War I, Genoa, Italy. Possibility of negotiations of British Prime Minister David Lloyd George with French statesman Raymond Poincare, about the German default in reparation payments, during the next Conference; Intentions of France to insist upon inserting in the memorandum terms which the Soviet leaders could not accept without, imperiling their own position in Russia; Tendency of Americans to attribute the failure of the Conference at Genoa to the refusal of the American government to send representatives; Reasons for which the U.S. was invited to participate in the next conference on Soviet Russia; Conclusion of the conference on the Soviet Union that there can be no dealings with Russia until the Russian government officially abandons the principles of communism; Creation of a National Council for the building industry, with U.S. politician Franklin Roosevelt as a sort of arbiter, looks like a step in advance; Proposals for bonus legislation to be passed in the U.S.; Lack of satisfactory revenue for financing the legislation; Report of the House Committee on Labor, about the coal industry.

Presents letters to the editor. Happenings in France; Development in newspaper diction; Americanization of Europe.

The article presents information on various developments. Germany's answer to the French security notes is another step toward peace. A long vista of negotiations opens ahead, but Europe is on the right road. And vastly more important than the phrases of the diplomatic notes is the fact that the French troops are out of the Ruhr. That mischievous invasion of German territory plunged Europe anew into a haze of war talk. Drums beat, troops marched, men talked angrily. Hate boiled on both sides of the Rhine.

Discusses the importance of France on the stability planned for western and southern Europe. Main pillar of France's strength; Reasons why France was treated as a second-class power; Difficulties experienced by President Charles De Gaulle from the left-wing resistance groups; Nature of the French underground resistance; Extent of the nationalization program adding economic stability to the country; Indefinite future administrative structure; Rejuvenation of the administrative system with changes in the parliamentary system.

This section presents articles on world politics. One of the articles presents an outlook of the European war. Russia obtained, after the war of 1810, the abrogation of article 2 of the Treaty of Paris, but this conquest seemed very small compared to the conquests of Germany. The secret feeling of enmity between the Slavic and the German races, which had always existed and which had been kept under control by diplomacy and by the personal action of the Russian and German crowns, was allowed freer play, and soon found daily expression in the press and in literature. The feelings of Russia also found expression in a new Interest iii conquered and vanquished France, in the incessant invitations made to her to "make herself strong again."

The article discusses international relations. Under the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Germans were a people set apart. If they knew the Czech language at all, it was through intercourse with their servants and their tradesmen. Socially they had no inter- course with their non-German countrymen. Promised increased political power in Europe as their share in the victory of the Central Powers, they were bitterly humiliated by the repression to which they were subjected after the defeat, for the Czech government made cruel and foolish mistakes in the first years after Versailles, France. Moreover, this once prosperous border area has suffered almost uninterrupted economic depression since it became part of Czechoslovakia.

The article presents an update of business activities in Europe as of August 12, 1933. According to the article, European business registered slow improvement, stock markets were as active and commodities recovered from losses. It notes that the heat wave and coming holiday season benefited British railroads, resort hotels and concessionaires. In France, the investing public took longer than a month to subscribe to its government's 10-year treasury bond offering.

According to the author there will be two tasks, which will be the first responsibility of the government of liberated France, the repatriation of the millions of persons who have been driven from their homes and the provision of food for a huge percentage of the population. The next thing to be done will be to find jobs for the returning men, at least for all those who do not live on the land. In most cases only the walls of the factories will be standing. Or if the buildings have escaped destruction, it will be found that the machinery has been removed, probably to Central Europe. Or if the machinery is intact; there will be no power to turn the wheels, no raw materials to feed it. In former highly industrialized regions large numbers of skilled operatives will be unable to find work. At the same time in other regions there may be a shortage of labor-men will be needed to repair highways and railroads, to build houses, to quarry stone, to make cement and bricks. Obviously, after the liberation, maximum production will be required in the essential industries.

Focuses on the limitations of the International Congress for Disarmament of the League of Nations held in Paris, France. Information on the hostile attitude of French press and the unconvincing character of delegates to the conference; Lack of participation of common man in the Congress; Debate on the need for war among different classes of men in Europe; Views of French delegate Robert Cecil on peace; Demand by Germany for an equal rights of war reserves with other countries; Claim by French delegate M. Paul Boncour that disarmament is itself not security; Information on the final public meeting which took place at Trocadéro; Interruption in the meeting by patriotic organizations, particularly the Action Française, a virulent Royalist group led by Léon Daudet and Charles Maurras.

The industrial commission sent to the United States by France last year to ascertain what American manufactures. France could depend on purchasing on return of peace stated publicly that such French importations would be much larger than before the war, since "complete equipment will have to be put into the devastated districts." All trustworthy European information has, in fact, confirmed the view expressed by the late James J. Hill, in a statement to the Evening Post last December, that there appears to be "no economic possibility of the flooding of markets by the products of Europe."

The author comments on the decision of France in occupying the most vital industrial center in Germany and to compel Germany to pay World War reparations. The author also believes that favorable developments in Europe, including an agreement to force Germany to recast its international and domestic policy will have an effect upon U.S. securities, commerce and principal foreign exchanges. The dangers of inflation, labor shortage in steel mills and rubber production in the U.S. are also explored.

Focuses on various rearmament plans of Europe. Reference to problems created by Marshall Plan; Information on the rearmament of Europe; Discussion on issues related to the relationship between the United States and Europe; Comments on the rearmament plan of the French government; Statement that the nations in the Organization for European Economic Co-operation have joined in a manifesto, declaring that rearmament and recovery can be combined; View that rearmament would be organized as part of a longe range program for a new Europe.

The article reports on the problem associated with the glut of coal in Western Europe caused by the overflow of cheap oil from the Middle East. The surplus of coal in the region has resulted in serious unemployment and even violent strikes in Belgium, Great Britain, and Germany. West European governments are also considering several measures to resolve the problem, including an oil tax and reducing the role of coal in the region's energy sector.

The article profiles French track runner Michel Jazy. Jazy has broken the European mile record and has also set a new European record in the 5,000 meters. Jazy also beat Ron Clarke, holder of the world record for the 5,000 and 10,000 meters, during a race in Melun. He was born in Oignies in 1936 to a coal-mining family who immigrated from Poland. Jazy played soccer before joining a three-kilometer cross country race in Meudon and finding out that he has talent in track running.

The article focuses on the concept of businessmen to buying railroad cars in France. It notes on the entrepreneurs Jean-Pierre Bruggeman and Jean Thomachot, who conceived the idea of investing and set up Algeco, a company that buys railroad tank cars to lease to oil companies. Algeco owns over 8,000 tank cars and caters from crude oil to liquid gas in Europe. The company has country clubs, a golf course, a marina and offers investors parcels of seeded forest land for investment.

Discusses the need for the British empire to learn lessons from the failure of the Holy Alliance in order to help in the reconstruction of Europe. Failure of the Holy Alliance due to the emperors' focus on the preservation of monarchy and the dogma of divine right as well as the omission of France; Danger of omitting Germany in reconstruction efforts by the Allies; Progress in the organization of European solidarity; Effects of nationalism on the ideal of human solidarity.

The author discusses aspects of France's refusal to accept Great Britain's trade politics towards the Commonwealth countries with special attention to economic developments in Denmark as of November 15, 1959. The possibility for an economically united Europe is also investigated. Denmark's economic policy is reviewed as well so as the possibilities for establishing economic ties with the Unites States.

The article focuses on the book "Whither France? Whither Europe?" by Joseph Caillaux. Europe seems to be in a fair way of solving the vexing problem of what to do with ex-presidents and ex-premiers. She sets them to writing books. Caillaux has the advantage of most of them--he has produced his third post-war book. "Agadir" and "Mes Prisons" took the bitterness of self-justification out of his system and in "Whither France? Whither Europe?" he is able to consider Europe impersonally. He also has the advantage, rare among politicians, of a really first-class economic mind.

Presents letters to the editor. Impact of the invasion of Ruhr, Germany by France on prices; International relations between European countries; Criticism of doctrines taught to children by religious sects.

Previous to the meeting of the Supreme Council at Cannes, a group of economic and financial experts met first at Paris, France and then at Cannes to discuss the reconstruction of Europe, in particular means of drawing Russia into the West European economic system. Europe is paralyzed. Her industries are disorganized; her foreign trade has seriously declined. A great part of her population suffers from unemployment, and even, in Eastern Europe, from starvation. The transportation systems of Central and Eastern Europe are in such anarchy that the flow of commerce has been dammed. Financial experts propose the creation of an international corporation free from governmental control, on the basis outlines in the attached annex.