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In this paper an attempt is made, first, to study consumer behaviour in the United Kingdom and in Australia for the period 1956-66 by exploiting the concept of want independence [9] or directly additive preferences [4] for a complete model of linear expenditure relations [10]. A welfare indicator and a cost-of-living index are then developed using Frisch's money flexibility linking income and price elasticities and the strongly separable utility function of the Stone-Geary type [3]. Finally, the analysis of covariance is applied to examine the possibility of homogeneous demand patterns between the United Kingdom and Australia. The extent of market homogeneity or heterogeneity will be further analysed in the light of individual commodities grouped in strict accordance with the notion of neutral want association [9]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the views of British economists on the significance of Australian gold discoveries in 1851, in conjunction with their assessment of the overall value of the colonies. How information about the gold flowed from Australia to Britain; Discussion about the probable effects of the discoveries; Immediate reaction of most economies to the discoveries.

This article discusses the accounting methods proposed in the book Securities and Obscurities and the suitability of the book for the study of accounting. It relates principally to the features of the accounting of particular companies and to what has happened as a consequence of the accounting of particular companies. It relates to companies in Australia, Great Britain and the U.S. The book proposes the method of direct observation as a method of inquiry. The inquiries founded on the belief that the test of any actual form, and the grounds for any proposed form, of accounting lie in those observable events of the commercial, financial and professional communities which are in the nature of reactions or responses to, and consequences of, particular accounting practices.

The article presents a discussion on a study about zonation between tide-marks on rocky coasts in various regions and areas including England, Scotland, the Indian Ocean and the Great Barrier Reef of Australia. Plants and animals also live in these zones between tide-marks. On the British coasts, there were three possible types of zonation observed, namely the littorina zone, the balanoid zone and the laminarian zone. Plants and animals found in these zones include small snails, lichens, barnacles and brown algae.

The article presents a discussion on the vegetation of grass verges and explores the grass habitats which are regarded as excessively trodden places. It is implied that a considerable degree of similarity exist between the vegetation of the trampled grass verge found on highways and that of the grassy footpath or the sheep track situated whether on lowlands or at high elevation. The article is supplemented with details regarding the botanical composition of the plant communities, ecological distribution, climatic and edaphic backgrounds, and observations drawn from investigating samples coming from Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand.

Cross-section surveys of public opinion are now being conducted continuously in five countries-the U.S., Great Britain, Canada, Australia and Sweden. Through these surveys it has become possible for the first time to measure and to report the views of the common man on the same issue at the same time in five nations of the globe with a combined population of nearly 200,000,000. Sampling surveys as a means of systematically discovering public opinion make no claim to perfection or infallibility. But through their development it has become possible to chart the main trends of public opinion in the five nations and to study the impact of war events on public thinking. The American Institute, oldest of the five, has been measuring and reporting American opinion for seven years. It receives its entire financial support from more than one hundred daily newspapers, of all shades of political belief.

The article focuses on issues related to democracy. The importance of trying to understand democracy at the present time is very apparent. In some sense or other, it is more and more coming to be recognised as the dominant tendency in all those countries that are commonly described as civilized. And, indeed, in nearly all parts of the world the various countries seem to be approximating to a common civilization, which is largely based on principles of a democratic type. It is perhaps in some of the smaller countries, such as Switzerland, and in some of the younger colonies, such as Australia and New Zealand, that these democratic tendencies can be studied in their least diluted form. In Great Britain, notwithstanding the strong tendency that it has to cling to the traditions of the past, it can hardly be questioned that the influence of democratic ideals is constantly increasing. This influence is not confined to the sphere of imperial or local politics, but permeates whole life of the British.

Discusses marketing of footwear in the 19th century, focusing on the company C. & J. Clark Ltd., in light of records dating back to 1825. The general development of the ready-made footwear industry in Great Britain; Background on the founding of C. & J. Clark; The marketing policy of the firm, including product differentiation and quality; The introduction of a range of fittings and sizes for shoes; The company's contribution to style; Brand management; Bulk production of standardized goods; Exports and distribution failures; The consignment trade; The reason C. & J. Clark started a wholesale business; The use of direct selling by a traveller; Difficulties with the Australian trade.

The author discusses the role and status of the generalist and the specialist by contrasting Australian and British practice in government services. With the disperse and not easily exploitable resources of the Australian Colonies, the development of the country became the responsibility of Colonial Governments as of private enterprise. The first public service legislation in Australia, the Victorian Service Act of 1862, divided the whole service into a Professional and an Ordinary Division, with no special recognition for the head of a department. On the other hand, the Institution of Professional Civil Servants has been making efforts to obtain better salaries and a better share in the administration of professional departments since 1918 in Great Britain.

Presents indexes of average prices of Australian imports from Great Britain from 1919-20 to 1927-28. Food, drink and tobacco; Living animals; Raw materials and articles mainly unmanufactured.