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In 2011, a hip-hop artist by the name of Frank Ocean challenged the world of hip-hop in North America, announcing news about his sexual orientation. Many people have suggested that his announcement has created a new outlet for black male hip-hop artists to be able to express themselves beyond heteronormative behaviour. However, there exists a historically informed cultural norm of black male behaviour that continues to be deeply ingrained in American society. This paper will examine the hip-hop industry in North America and suggest that Ocean’s announcement did not have any transformative effect in the hip-hop industry.

The Recognised Seasonal Employer (RSE) scheme is the most prominent part of a broader labour market strategy for the horticulture and viticulture industries. The purpose of the Horticulture and Viticulture Seasonal Labour Strategy (the Strategy) is to transform the seasonal labour market, which this decade has been characterised by very low productivity, high turnover, and illegal work practices. This labour market failure has cost industry and the government hundreds of millions of dollars, though the full cost will never he known. The Strategy, working off the fulcrum of RSE, has been very successful in its early stages of implementation. There are many problems, but the trajectory of change is highly promising. This paper explores the conception, theoretical underpinnings and implementation of a unique experiment in labour market transformation, evidence of that transformation, where available, is referenced.

This paper is based on a long-term study of professional writing students in an internship, "work experience" course. Building upon work theorizing the problematic gap between classroom instruction and workplace practice, this study extends analysis to explore the role of transitional pedagogy in the learning dynamics that populate the "space between" the classroom and the workplace. It shows how students use both their acquired strategic resourcefulness and tools such as transitionally located scaffolding structures to facilitate workplace participation. The analysis is framed largely by learning community theory and activity theory, with emphasis on the concepts of developmental transfer and consequential transition, which prove productive for elucidating the nature of transformative learning and for assessing the effects of transitional pedagogy. I examine both conventional on-site work placements and the additional challenges that off-site internships present. The evidence here suggests that an effective transitional writing pedagogy should aim to create a transitional community of practice, a "back region" or "third space" where students and mentors can problem-solve and share resources. Findings support recent elaborations of activity theory in contexts of transitional learning and educational reform, and reinforce the need to strengthen weak links in school-employer work experience collaborations.Key words: internship, learning community, activity theory, developmental transfer

This paper reports on a three-year project in which we infused arts-based media and digital learning into a mandatory language and literacy course for secondary pre-service teachers at a major Canadian university. Our underlying model favours dynamic, critical and transformative learning across modes, genres and social spaces in the secondary curriculum. We found prospective teachers to be committed to engaging in new media as a way to expand notions of literacy, author new genres of communication, and to be more engaging and inclusive of all students, yet they often remained sceptical of uncritical approaches.

ملخص البحث: يهدف هذا البحث -في إطاره النظري- إلى دراسة نظم الترجمة الآلية وأنواعها، ونهجها، وكيفية عملها. وفي الجانب التطبيقي يسعى البحث إلى عقد مقارنة بين نظم الترجمة الآلية الإحصائية والتحويلية، كما سيقوم البحث أيضا بإجراء مقارنة بين ترجمة نظام (جوجل) الذي يعتمد على نظام الترجمة الآلية الإحصائية، ونظام (عجيب) الذي يعتمد على نظام الترجمة الآلية التحويلية؛ وذلك من أجل الوقوف على مدى قدرة نظم الترجمة الآلية المختلفة على ترجمة النصوص من اللغة الإنجليزية إلى اللغة العربية. وسيتبع البحث منهج تحليل الأخطاء في عملية إجراء المقارنة بين ترجمات النظامين المذكورين. الكلمات المفتاحية : الترجمة الآلية- تطبيقات- جوجل- عجيب- المقارنة Abstract: The paper aims – theoretically – to study the types of setup in machine translation, the methods used and their processes. In the application aspect, it tries to compare between the statistical and transformative setups in machine translation. Therefore, a comparison between the translation results of Google and ‘Ajeeb will be carried out accordingly; the former being a statistical setup and the latter a transformative. This will enable us to discover the degree of success of the two setups in translating setup English and Arabic. The study makes use of the error analysis method in comparing the results of both setups. Keywords : Machine translation – applications – google - comparison Abstrak : Kajian ini dari segi teorinya membahaskan sistem penterjemahan automatik, jenis, prosedur serta fungsinya. Dari segi praktikal pula, kajian ini akan membandingkan antara penterjemahan komputatif dan transformatif dan turut membuat perbandingan antara program penterjemahan Google yang mengaplikasikan sistem penterjemahan automatik komputatif serta program penterjemahan ‘Ajib Google yang mengaplikasikan sistem penterjemahan automatik transformatif. Ini adalah bertujuan menentukan kadar perbezaan antara kedua program dalam menterjemahkan teks berbahasa Inggeris ke bahasa Arab. Kajian ini akan menggunakan metodologi ‘analisa ralat’ dalam proses perbandingan tersebut. Kata kunci : Penterjemahan Automatik – aplikasi – Google – ‘Ajib – perbandingan

The development, deployment and dissemination of low-carbon and other environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) is critical in our response to climate change. Yet, many of these critical technologies are patented and belong to private entities. Malaysia through the National Renewable Energy Policy and National Green Technology Policy, aims to leverage on green technology as a double edge sword; as a tool to spur economic activities whilst at the same time ensuring sustainable development and conservation of the environment for future generations. In order to enhance the uptake of ESTs, Malaysia has identified renewable energy as an impetus. This paper explores the discourse between the patents and climate change at the international level. As the diffusion of ESTs requires modification and adaptation, the issue of how much this can take place without the consent of the patent owner is discussed. The scope of scientific research exemption in Malaysia is examined with a view of determining whether it can support research activities with commercial activities and the act of inventing around a patent. It is proposed that for effective transfer of ESTs to take place, the scientific research provision be expanded to cover all forms of research necessary for the diffusion of technology, regardless of its commercial and transformative ends